https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Benjamin+Tabart&feedformat=atom Angl-Am - User contributions [en] 2024-03-29T00:08:55Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.22.15 https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Koordination_des_Lehrangebots Koordination des Lehrangebots 2009-03-17T15:29:40Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* 7.April 2000 */ tatsächlich, schon 2009...</p> <hr /> <div>==Arbeitsschritte==<br /> <br /> ===Jederzeit: Ideen Sammeln===<br /> <br /> *[[Course Ideas]]<br /> Auf der Seminarideen-Seite im offenen Angl-Am wiki kann man anklingen lassen, worüber man alles Seminare geben könnte. Hier können sich auch Studierende mit Wünschen melden.<br /> <br /> ===Bis zum 31.März 2009===<br /> Titelvorschläge der Lehrveranstaltungen für WiSe 2009/10 und SoSe 2010 werden bei KoordinatorIn abgegeben. Jede Fachkomponente liefert die doppelte Menge an Titeln, die sie aufgrund ihrer Kapazitäten anbieten kann, so dass eine Auswahl für die Diskussion besteht. Um eine gute Diskussionsbasis zu sichern und späteren Engpässen in der Abgabe der Kommentare für unsere Homepage zuvorzukommen, am besten gleich mit ein paar erklärenden Zeilen zu Problemhorizont, Methode, Lektüre etc. Titelvorschläge direkt einfügen bzw per Email an die KoordinatorIn.<br /> <br /> ===2.April 2009===<br /> Für die Koordination der Aufbaumodule im Winter 2009/10 und Sommer 2010, wird zu Anfang des Semesters wieder ein Treffen der Lehrenden unseres Instituts stattfinden. Hierzu möchte ich Sie alle – insbesondere aber die Modulverantwortlichen – gerne einladen.<br /> <br /> Terminvorschlag: Donnerstag, 2. April 2009, 18 Uhr.<br /> <br /> Über Feedback würde ich mich freuen.<br /> <br /> Um die Koordination zu erleichtern, möchte ich Sie bitten, bis zum 31.März die folgende Seite im wiki aufzurufen [[Course Ideas]] und unter Ihrem Namen die möglichen Titel für Ihre Veranstaltungen einzutragen. Benutzen Sie hierzu die EDIT Funktion neben Ihrem Namen. Gerne können Sie unter Optionen auch weitere bzw. alternative Kursideen angeben. <br /> <br /> Diese Seite finden Sie auch über die Main Page des Angl/Am wiki und den entsprechenden Eintrag unter NOTEBOARD.<br /> <br /> ===7.April 2009===<br /> KoordinatorIn gibt die Ergebnisse der Sitzung an das Sekretariat weiter, von wo aus die folgenden Punkte ergänzt werden: <br /> <br /> *eine Übersicht über alle beantragten Lehraufträge unter Angabe der Finanzstelle aus der sie bezahlt werden sollen (bei Lehraufträgen aus Studienbeiträgen unter Angabe der Kennziffer),<br /> *die Bestätigung des Kapazitätsbeauftragten des Faches über die ordnungsgemäße Erfüllung des Lehrdeputats,<br /> *die ordnungsgemäße Begründung von Anträgen auf Teilnehmerbegrenzungen<br /> *die Angabe von alternativlos im Master GH und R angebotenen Veranstaltungen<br /> *die Ausweisung von Veranstaltungen, die für die Vorbereitung und Begleitung des Forschungs- und Entwicklungspraktikums in den M.Ed. vorgesehen sind<br /> *die Angabe, welche Veranstaltungen im PB der Master of Arts der Fakultät III studiert werden können<br /> *die Angabe, welche Veranstaltungen als Fakultätsmodul in den Master of Arts der Fakultät II belegt werden können<br /> <br /> ===28. April 2009===<br /> *deadline für Abgabe des Lehrangebots bei der Stuko</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/2008-09_AM_Richard_Head,_The_English_Rogue_(1665) 2008-09 AM Richard Head, The English Rogue (1665) 2009-01-19T16:55:14Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Jana Lühring: Readersip and Style */ ein h spendiert...</p> <hr /> <div>Richard Head’s (and Francis Kirkman’s) ''The English Rogue'' (1665-71) is an intriguing and multifaceted book. The first copies of the first volume were printed secretly, sold at alehouses and appreciated as grossly indecent. The license followed with the second edition in 1665. The book was successful, yet no work the author wanted to continue. The text had been interpreted, so Head felt, as autobiographical, his reputation had already suffered enough – which did not prevent his publisher, Francis Kirkman, from adding continuations till 1671. It has been said that Head was involved in the further production – he denied it.<br /> <br /> The book had played with traditions, it was translated into a foreign language, German, and it inspired numerous imitations - yet it did not become “The first English Novel”; Defoe’s ''Robinson Crusoe'' (1719) reached that fame in 1957. The discussion of predecessors has hardly rediscovered Head. We will ask why that is the case and try to explore the peculiar (more or less) fictional biography in attempts to contextualise it.<br /> <br /> ==My Topic==<br /> <br /> Brief summary of work to inform the colleagues about what to expect.<br /> <br /> ==Sebastian Brinkmann: The English Rogue &amp; Sexuality==<br /> <br /> The topc of sexuality, erotica and pornography in general as well as their application in the text. Please also download my .pdf from Stud.IP<br /> <br /> :I have read your considerations with extreme interest and would not mind to see them here. Why don't you copy and paste them into <br /> <br /> :* [[2008-09 AM Richard Head, The English Rogue (1665):Sexuality]].<br /> :Good secondary reading Robert Darnton on the pornography and the enlightenment - well and there is more... Create a list and I order titles for our library.<br /> ----<br /> *Robert Darnton, ''The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France'' (New York: Norton, 1995).<br /> *Lynn Hunt, ''The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800'' (New York: Zone, 1996).<br /> <br /> ==Jana Lühring: Readership and Style==<br /> The theme that I am going to present you is the analysis of the readership. My thesis is that the origin readership of the ''English Rogue'' was from the upper class and thus more or less educated. To support this thesis, I will refer to a few text passages by which we get hints at the readership. First, I start with the frontmatter and the advices it gives us. Then I will quote some other text passages, in which direct or indirect hints are presented concerning the readership. Finally, I will read with you into the chapter LIII and afterwards discuss which difficulties occur and how we would classify the readership, after looking at this chapter.<br /> <br /> :(copied and pasted from e-mail --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:21, 19 January 2009 (UTC)).<br /> <br /> ==General Information==<br /> <br /> ===Topics===<br /> * The history of editions<br /> * The French Rogue<br /> * The Spanish Rogue<br /> * Nationalism<br /> * Novel and Play<br /> * The Trivialisations<br /> * The question of authorship<br /> * The poor as the object of laughter?<br /> * Crime<br /> * Clothing<br /> * Pornography?<br /> * Men and Women<br /> * The social bond<br /> * The German translation<br /> * An (Auto-)biography?<br /> * Stylistic improbabilities<br /> * An overview of research<br /> * Childhood<br /> * Truth, fiction and romance<br /> * The illustrations<br /> * Scatology<br /> * Religion<br /> * (Poetical) Justice<br /> * What the novel wants to teach us<br /> * Love<br /> * Colours, smells and touches<br /> * Age<br /> * Pity<br /> * Moments of reflection<br /> * Money<br /> * Punishments<br /> * Whoring<br /> * Poems and Prose<br /> * Included Letters<br /> * Cuckolding<br /> * Reputation<br /> * Masters and Servants<br /> * Professions<br /> * Gaming<br /> * The witty Extravagant<br /> <br /> ===Links===<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Head en.wikipedia.org - information on Richard Head]<br /> <br /> ===Texts===<br /> *[Richard Head] ''The English rogue described in the life of Meriton Latroon, a witty extravagant''. London: Francis Kirkman, 1666. [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&amp;ACTION=ByID&amp;ID=15585368&amp;FILE=../session/1210091335_12425&amp;SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&amp;SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&amp;DISPLAY=default EEBO] [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1666_Head_The_English_Rogue.pdf Anglistik Server Oldenburg]<br /> *[A shortened chapbook version:] ''The life and death of the English rogue, or, His last legacy to the world.'' London, 1679. [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&amp;ACTION=ByID&amp;ID=12253472&amp;FILE=../session/1210087652_12132&amp;SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&amp;SEARCHCONFIG=var_spell.cfg&amp;DISPLAY=AUTHOR EEBO]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Aufbaumodul]]<br /> [[Category:Winter 2008-2009|2009-1]]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/2008-09_AM_Richard_Head,_The_English_Rogue_(1665) 2008-09 AM Richard Head, The English Rogue (1665) 2009-01-19T07:43:19Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* My Topic */ service</p> <hr /> <div>Richard Head’s (and Francis Kirkman’s) ''The English Rogue'' (1665-71) is an intriguing and multifaceted book. The first copies of the first volume were printed secretly, sold at alehouses and appreciated as grossly indecent. The license followed with the second edition in 1665. The book was successful, yet no work the author wanted to continue. The text had been interpreted, so Head felt, as autobiographical, his reputation had already suffered enough – which did not prevent his publisher, Francis Kirkman, from adding continuations till 1671. It has been said that Head was involved in the further production – he denied it.<br /> <br /> The book had played with traditions, it was translated into a foreign language, German, and it inspired numerous imitations - yet it did not become “The first English Novel”; Defoe’s ''Robinson Crusoe'' (1719) reached that fame in 1957. The discussion of predecessors has hardly rediscovered Head. We will ask why that is the case and try to explore the peculiar (more or less) fictional biography in attempts to contextualise it.<br /> <br /> =Seminar Papers=<br /> <br /> ==My Topic==<br /> <br /> Brief summary of work to inform the colleagues about what to expect.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sebastian Brinkmann: The English Rogue &amp; Sexuality==<br /> <br /> The topc of sexuality, erotica and pornography in general as well as their application in the text. Please also download my .pdf from Stud.IP<br /> <br /> =General Information=<br /> <br /> ===Topics===<br /> * The history of editions<br /> * The French Rogue<br /> * The Spanish Rogue<br /> * Nationalism<br /> * Novel and Play<br /> * The Trivialisations<br /> * The question of authorship<br /> * The poor as the object of laughter?<br /> * Crime<br /> * Pornography?<br /> * Men and Women<br /> * The social bond<br /> * The German translation<br /> * An (Auto-)biography?<br /> * Stylistic improbabilities<br /> * An overview of research<br /> * Childhood<br /> * Truth, fiction and romance<br /> * The illustrations<br /> * Scatology<br /> * Religion<br /> * (Poetical) Justice<br /> * What the novel wants to teach us<br /> * Love<br /> * Colours, smells and touches<br /> * Age<br /> * Pity<br /> * Moments of reflection<br /> * Money<br /> * Punishments<br /> * Whoring<br /> * Poems and Prose<br /> * Included Letters<br /> * Cuckolding<br /> * Reputation<br /> * Masters and Servants<br /> * Professions<br /> * Gaming<br /> * The witty Extravagant<br /> <br /> ===Links===<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Head en.wikipedia.org - information on Richard Head]<br /> <br /> ===Texts===<br /> *[Richard Head] ''The English rogue described in the life of Meriton Latroon, a witty extravagant''. London: Francis Kirkman, 1666. [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&amp;ACTION=ByID&amp;ID=15585368&amp;FILE=../session/1210091335_12425&amp;SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&amp;SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&amp;DISPLAY=default EEBO] [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1666_Head_The_English_Rogue.pdf Anglistik Server Oldenburg]<br /> *[A shortened chapbook version:] ''The life and death of the English rogue, or, His last legacy to the world.'' London, 1679. [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&amp;ACTION=ByID&amp;ID=12253472&amp;FILE=../session/1210087652_12132&amp;SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&amp;SEARCHCONFIG=var_spell.cfg&amp;DISPLAY=AUTHOR EEBO]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Aufbaumodul]]<br /> [[Category:Winter 2008-2009|2009-1]]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:2008-09_BM2_Introduction_to_Anglophone_Cultural_Studies,_Part_1 Talk:2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1 2009-01-14T09:58:17Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: vierblättriger klee kann nie schaden...</p> <hr /> <div>Ich hatte im 1. Semester die glorreiche Idee BM2 zu schieben. Als &quot;Ersti&quot; hatte ich das Gefühl nicht alles gut genug schaffen zu können, wenn ich mich auf soviel konzentriere. Nun kann ich leider viele Aufbaumodule nicht belegen, weil BM2 vorausgesetzt wird. Ist es möglich wenn ich jetzt mit dem BM2 anfange parallel so ein Blockseminar im Februar zu besuchen? Dann hätte ich ja wenigstens den 1. Teil vom BM2 schon mal. Ärgerlich. Da habe ich mich wohl im 1. Semester verkalkuliert.&lt;br&gt;<br /> :...schon per e-mail geregelt, machen wir, auch im Interesse des Blockseminars. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:25, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Dann wäre eine für alle sichtbare Antwort an dieser Stelle sinnvoll (gewesen), da ich mir denken kann, dass diese Frage mehrere Studenten haben (und hier gucken, ob es eine Antwort darauf gibt). Deshalb fake edit. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:26, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Wo steht eigentlich nochmal die Info welche chapter wir jedesmal vorbereiten sollen?<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Die Fragen am Ende der letzten Vorlesung haben es wieder einmal gezeigt; Keiner weiß, was man denn genau lernen muss für die Klausur.<br /> Und irgendwie habe ich pers. auch den Eindruck dass zwischen den Lektoren keine Übereinstimmung bezüglich dieser Frage herrscht. <br /> Das ganze wirkt dann auch auf die Tutoriengestaltung, und mittlerweile sind es nur noch ca. 10 Personen, die erscheinen(Freitags zumindest).[[User:Dimitri.simons|Dimitri.simons]] 17:41, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> :Hier eine kurze Vorinformation zum written test<br /> :* Dauer: 60 Minuten + etwas Reservezeit<br /> :* Teil 1: (30 Minuten) kurze Faktenfragen, möglicherweise multiple choice, die in die verschiedenen Bereiche gehen und Breite des gemeinwissens erfassen<br /> :* Teil 2: Zwei Fragen (Bearbeitungszeit je 15 Minuten) auszuwählen aus sechs Fragen (zu verschiedenen Gebieten der Vorlesung) - mit dem Ziel, Raum für eine knappe Darstellung von Zusammenhänge respektive Argumentationen zu geben<br /> <br /> :Vorbereitung: Wir werden in der Sitzung zum 17. Dezember zwei Listen ausgeben. Die erste besteht aus Daten und Ereignissen, die Euch etwas sagen müssen, die zweite, nennt Personen, über deren historische Bedeutung ihr ein knappes Bild haben solltet. Ihr könnt die Informationen aus den Powerpoint Folien beziehen oder aus Medien wie Wikipedia.<br /> :Die sechs eingehenderen Fragen, aus denen Ihr zwei auszuwählen habt, um 15 Minuten darüber zu schreiben nehmen Fragen auf, die in den Präsentationen gestellt wurden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:16, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> <br /> Ich lerne grade die 4 Seiten Daten auswendig für Mittwoch (kann man damit 50 % knacken?) und verstehe folgenden Satz nicht:<br /> &quot;1641 Star Chamber abolished history of press wars ensues and goes until today&quot;<br /> <br /> Also ich habe auch alles auswendig gelernt und in den Tutorien hieß es wohl, dass es wirklich 50/50 gewichtet wird. Aber wer sagt, dass du diese 50% dann auch wirklich richtig machst?!? Ich hab übrigens auch die Probleme mit 1641. Das hab ich einfach ausgelassen. Ich hoffe mal, dass ich beim 2.Teil noch ein bisschen Punkte rausholen kann, aber ich denke mal, dass diese Klausur allgemein nicht wirklich gut ausfallen wird. Alle lernen bis zum Umfallen, aber ob sie wirklich das richtige lernen, weiß keiner....<br /> __ __<br /> /` \/ `\<br /> _ \ / _<br /> /` '.'. .'.' `\<br /> '. _'.\/.'_ .'<br /> .'` .'/\'. `'.<br /> \._.'.' '.'._./<br /> / \<br /> \._/\_./<br /> <br /> Viel Glück! (Klappt schon!) [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 09:58, 14 January 2009 (UTC)<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Timeline==<br /> <br /> ===Prehistoric Period===<br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise sea level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture.<br /> <br /> ===0-1000===<br /> * 43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England (122/142 Hadrian’s and Antonine walls against northern Picts) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum, waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> * 597 Beginning of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> * 793 Lindisfarne raided by Vikings, next three centuries: Viking settlements in northern England<br /> <br /> ===1000-1500===<br /> * 1014-1042 Danish Rule, line of succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman rule under William I<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * 1290 Jews expelled from England<br /> * 1380-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, ''Canterbury Tales''<br /> * 1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> * 1453-1487 War of the Roses: Dynastic Conflict<br /> * 1473 Caxton's press produces first printed book in London <br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, several colonies founded on East coast in competition with Spanish, French, and Dutch colonisation<br /> <br /> ===1500-1599===<br /> * 1534 Henry VIII Establishes Anglican Church<br /> * 1553-1558 rule of Mary I (1516-1558), Catholicism re-established almost 300 dissenters burned at the stake<br /> * 1560 Reformation in Scotland, organised by John Knox, Presbiterian, Calvinist Church<br /> * 1558–1603 Elizabethan era, Protestantism reestablished, 1590-1611 Shakespeare's plays<br /> * 1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland<br /> <br /> ===1600-1699===<br /> * 1600 East India Company founded, several similar shareholder companies follow with trade monopolies granted by crown. Colonialisation basically achieved by commercial enterprises protected by English/ British crown.<br /> * 1611 King James Bilbe Authorised Version<br /> * 1640-1660 Civil War and Commonwealth<br /> * 1641 Star Chamber abolished, strict censoring of the press ends, the press becomes the main platform of the political debate<br /> * 1649 Charles I beheaded (January 30) <br /> * 1651 Thomas Hobbes ''Leviathan'' published (plea for absolute monarchy and subordination of religion, perceived as an atheist's theory of state by all sides)<br /> * 1660-1689 Restoration of monarchy, libertine court, wars between England and Netherlands as strongest naval powers<br /> * 1666 London destroyed in Great Fire<br /> * 1688/89 Glorious Revolution William of Orange (Dutch) ascends throne, Bill of Rights, new press laws, new laws on religious toleration: 1690 John Locke, ''On Toleration'' (1690), ''Two Treatises of Government'' (1690), ''Essay Concerning Humane Understanding'' (1690)<br /> <br /> ===1700-1799===<br /> * 1707 Act of Union: England/ Wales/ Scotland become one Kingdom (a union existed de facto since James I and the Stuart ascension)<br /> * 1719 Daniel Defoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' (author stood on pilory in 1703 after publishing his ''Shortest Way with Dissenters'' (1702).<br /> * 1720 South Sea Bubble, Walpole strengthened ans political manager, status of prime minister evolves <br /> * 1754 Battle of Plassey (India), British East India Company exercises military power and assumes administrative functions in India<br /> * 1756-1763 The Seven Years' War: Ends France position as a major colonial power in the Americas<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> * 1774-1776 USA [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]<br /> * 1750s-1830s Industrial revolution with use of steam energy, second phase 1830-1900 with new energy supplies, growing infrastructure and Industrialization of USA.<br /> <br /> ===1800-1899===<br /> * 1810s-1830s riots against mechanisation<br /> * 1837-1901 Rule of Queen Victoria<br /> * 1848 Karl Marx' ''The Communist Manifesto'' published, Marx moves to England (1849) where he works til his death in 1883 <br /> * 1857 Indian Rebellion, 1858: British Crown assumes direct administration over India<br /> * 1859 Charles Darwin ''Origin of Species'' published. Evolution theory rises against short history of Earth (as created in 4404 BC by God). Impact on cultural theory: Human culture evolved slowly. Efforts taken to speed up developments.<br /> * 1861-1865 American Civil War<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people), Suez Canal opened. 1880s Begin of British Colonisation of Africa<br /> * 1882 The &quot;Chinese Exclusion Act&quot;<br /> * 1890s-1918 Enfranchisement of women in Great Britain, USA: 1918 <br /> * 1895-: silent era of film; 1927: beginning of sound era of film (with ''The Jazz Singer'')<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> <br /> ===1900 till Today===<br /> * 1914-1918, WWI, 1917: US enters the war<br /> * 1920s onwards: radio broadcastings; history of radio, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio<br /> * 1928: television service begins in the US, 1929, television service begins in the UK; households with a TV set in the US: 0,5 % in 1946, more than 50% in 1954. Reading suggestion: Tichi, Cecelia. ''Electronic Hearth: Creating American Television Culture''. New York &amp; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1991.<br /> * 1929-1931 US-American economic crisis affects the whole world<br /> * 1930s USA: New Deal economic recovery and reform programs <br /> * 1939-1945 World War II, Allied Nations against Germany, Italy, Japan. Use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 1945<br /> * 1950s-1990s several US American Interventions in Latin America<br /> * 1950-1953 Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1964 USA: Civil Rights Act <br /> * 1965 USA: Immigration and “Naturalization Act” <br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War with pre-history of confrontations involving Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> * 1970s GB: Economic crisis<br /> * 1973: The United Kingdom becomes a member of the European Union<br /> * 1979-1989 United States CIA program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1989 Salman Rushdie, ''Satanic Verses'' published. Ensuing confrontation between religious republic of Iran and secular west.<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 2001/9/11 terrorist attack on World Trade centre <br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> Task: retrieve birth- and death-dates (bring names into correct order), link into Wikipedia, and write a one or two sentence statement on historical importance<br /> <br /> * Thomas Beckett (c. 1118 – 29 December 1170) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket]- Had a conflict with King Henry II about the rights and privileges of the church; he was assassinated by followers of the king and is known as a saint and martyr by the Roman Catholic and the Anglican Church.<br /> * John of England 1166-1216 (&quot;John Lackland&quot;)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lackland_of_England] Was the King of England from 6 April 1199-1216 . He is known as the enemy of Robin Hood but especially for the Magna Carta [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta], a document limiting his power which is popularly thought as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy.<br /> * John Wycliffe (1320s-1384)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wycliffe]Was an English theologian, an early dissident in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century and is considered the founder of the Lollard movement, a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. Wycliffe was also an early advocate for translation of the Bible and completed his translation in the year 1382, now known as the Wycliffe Bible. <br /> * Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII]Was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He is known for his political struggles with Rome which ultimately led to the separation of the Anglican Church from the Roman hierarchy, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. [http://tudors.crispen.org/]<br /> * Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I]Was the illegitimate daughter of Henry VIII but nevertheless became Queen of England on 17 November 1558. One of her first moves as queen was to support the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement held firm throughout her reign and later evolved into today's Church of England. She never married and became famous for her virginity.<br /> * Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style– 3 September 1658 Old Style) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell]He was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. He is best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1653 until his death in 1658. <br /> * John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke]Was an English philosopher and is widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers who influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, as well as the American revolutionaries. This influence is reflected in the American Declaration of Independence. Locke defined the &quot;self&quot; through a continuity of &quot;consciousness&quot; and maintained that people are born without innate ideas.<br /> * Adam Smith (5 June 1723 – 17 July 1790) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith]Was a Scottish moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and one of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith book The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics.<br /> * Abraham Lincoln (12 February 1809 – 15 April 1865)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln]was the sixteenth President of the United States (elected in 1861). He successfully led the country through the American Civil War, saving the Union and ending slavery. He issued his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution. He became the first president who was assassinated in 1865 and is seen as a martyr for the ideal of national unity.<br /> * Charles Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin] was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection. The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and the general public in his lifetime and had a great impact on cultural theory.<br /> * Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx]credited as the founder of communism. Marx argued that capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, will produce internal tensions which will lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, capitalism itself will be displaced by communism, a stateless, classless society which emerges after a transitional period, the 'dictatorship of the proletariat'.<br /> * Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria]Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the first Empress of India until her death. Her reign as Queen lasted 63 years and seven months. The period centred on her reign is known as the Victorian era. This era represented the height of the Industrial Revolution and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. <br /> * Thomas Alva Edison (11 February 1847 – 18 October 1931)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Alva_Edison]Was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.<br /> * Cecil Rhodes (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes]was an English-born businessman, mining magnate and politician in South Africa. He was an ardent believer in colonialism and was the founder of the state of Rhodesia, which was named after him and became Zambia and Zimbabwe respectively. Rhodes wanted to expand the British Empire because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race was destined to greatness.<br /> * Henry Ford (30 July 1863 – 7 April 1947)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford]was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and the American industry. As owner of the Ford Company he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world<br /> * Mahatma Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Ghandhi]was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, for expanding women's rights, for building religious and ethnic amity, for ending untouchability, for increasing economic self-reliance and for achieving Swaraj—the independence of India from foreign domination.<br /> * Nelson Mandela (born 18 July 1918)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela]was the first President of South Africa to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, serving in the office from 1994–1999. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist and because of that Mandela had to serve 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. In South Africa and internationally, Mandela's opposition to apartheid made him a symbol of freedom and equality for many.<br /> * Henry Kissinger (27 May 1923)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger]He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the Richard Nixon administration. Kissinger emerged unscathed from the Watergate scandal, and maintained his powerful position when Gerald Ford became President.<br /> * Martin Luther King, Jr.(15 January 1929 – 4 April 1968)[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King]was an African American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the American civil rights movement. His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today. King's efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. There, he raised public consciousness of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S. history. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.<br /> <br /> :spannende Arbeit! --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:56, 22 December 2008 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User_talk:Olaf_Simons User talk:Olaf Simons 2009-01-10T17:28:13Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Von den guten (?) Übersetzungen */ thnx</p> <hr /> <div>[[User talk:Olaf Simons/Archive]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Olaf Simons:Medienbestand]]<br /> <br /> ==Prizes/Awards==<br /> *[[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 18:45, 14 July 2008 (CEST): English, James F. 2005. The Economy of Prestige. Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP.<br /> <br /> == blockieren ==<br /> <br /> Vergaß, erst zu blockieren und dann die Seite zu löschen (siehe WeightLossTips, recent changes), und kann den Benutzer User:WeightLoss nicht blockieren (ich sehe die Option nicht, auf die ich klicken kann, welche normalerweise hinter jedem Edit steht. Der ganze User ist auch nicht mehr über recent changes aufgelistet). Auch kann ich seine Seite nicht löschen, obwohl ich das eigentlich können müsste - immerhin könnte ich auch Deine Benutzerseite löschen (theoretisch). Und das verstehe ich nicht ; ). Gruß an die kalte See, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:12, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Wird wohl kein Problem sein - ansonsten radikal unterbinden, Leute, die keine Namen unserer Studenten oder Dozentan haben und sich auch sonst nicht mit einer Identität ausweisen, sollten bei allem Nichtfachlichem gelöscht werden. Von der inspirierenden [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Siggen ostholsteinischen Wikipedia Konferenz], --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:05, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Darum geht es ja: Ich habe zwar die Seite gelöscht, aber nicht den User - da ich nicht sehe, wie ich das machen kann, da ich seine Benutzerseite nur beschränkt sehe. Die Option &quot;blockieren&quot; fehlt (die hinter seinem Namen stehen müsste), und die User Seite [[User:WeightLoss]] kann ich weder löschen, noch die Versionsgeschichte sehen noch kann ich sie auf protect setzen - all das, was normalerweise zu sehen wäre. Das ist meine eigentlich Frage, warum ich das nicht sehen kann, wo ich doch sogar Deine Seite löschen könnte? Muss auf ihr erst was stehen um sie löschen zu können? Wie kann ich den User/seinen Pseudo-Account noch blockieren? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:17, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::Siehst, jetzt habe ich den User erst geblockt und dann die Seite gelöscht (wobei das einfach seine Userseite war) - heute morgen hatte ich erst die Seite gelöscht und wollte dann blocken, aber nach dem Löschen der Seite verschwand der User aus der recent changes Liste, sodass ich die Option &quot;(blockieren)&quot; (hinter dem Namen) nicht mehr sah. Und statt blockieren wollte ich dann seine Userseite löschen, aber die lässt sich nicht löschen,- vielleicht, weil da nichts steht? [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 20:59, 12 October 2008 (CEST) (ich frage aus Verständnisgründen, will ja auch dazulernen und verstehen, wie ein Wiki funktioniert)<br /> ::::Durch Probieren Problem gelöst, selbstständiges Lernen also : ) Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:14, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::''(blocked &quot;User:BoredWikipedians&quot; with an expiry time of infinite: Spam (aber lustiger Name...))''<br /> :::::Räusper. Nicht alles, [http://3.blogs.23.nu/kellerkind/2008/10/passende-auszeit-um-sich-hier-umzusehen/ was man nicht versteht], ist Spam. Und gepostet habe ich, meines Wissens, gar nichts. Kann ich a) meinen Account und b)meine Benutzerseite wiederhaben? Ich habe ja früher mal eine Weile bei der [http://entropie.digital.udk-berlin.de/wiki/Hauptseite der UDK Berlin] gewohnt, die waren da aber weniger grob und tollerant gegenüber anderen Netzlebensformen... Pfh! --[[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 13:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Viel Spaß weiterhin mit den Adminfunktionen :-)<br /> ::::::Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg - aber (das siehst Du ganz richtig) eine offene Plattform. Du kannst mitmachen, solange es die Community interessiert. Ist also die Frage, ob Du ein Projekt hast, das anglistisch oder amerikanistisch interessant ist. Und wer entscheidet das? Ganz am Ende (um das Verfahren zu vereinfachen) ich (und ich warne Dich: es ist gar nicht einfach, was zu machen, was ich interessant finde - möglich aber schon, und für Dich bestimmt eine Bereicherung, Du mußt halt nachdenken). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:53, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::::Zum Verständnis: Vielleicht wäre ein Klarname angebracht, damit es nicht zur Verwechslung kommt. Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen. Was ich nicht zuordnen kann, lösche ich... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 14:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 17:42, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::::''In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden.''<br /> ::::::::::Krass: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB 1] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Am%C3%A9ry 2] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pseudonymen 3] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim 4] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Blixen 5] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll 6] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 7] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 8] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens 9] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger 10] Ich (!) werd' dann mal nachdenken... [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 19:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Verena: Danke für die Wiederherstellung &amp; viel Spaß noch im Netzuniversum :-) Bis dann...<br /> :::::::::::Guckstu: ''Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen'' [...] ''Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg''. Einfach Sache, also. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> Noch eine technische Frage: Wenn ich über Spezialseiten auf [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=Special:Ipblocklist&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ip= Liste blockierter IP-Adressen] klicke, steht da mein Name mit Nummern, die ich blockte, und Uhrzeiten. Da ich bei niemandem anderen von den Admins auf dieser Liste solche Sachen sehe, wundere ich mich darüber. Vor allem, da ich zur besagten Uhrzeit gar nicht im Wiki war... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 22:43, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Das liegt daran, dass jemand, den Du bereits gesperrt hast, sich erneut anmeldet und versucht zu editieren. Soweit er dabei dieselbe IP-Adresse verwendet erfolgt automatisch eine erneute Sperre, hierfür musst Du nicht online sein. Grüße, [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 23:09, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Hallo Olaf,<br /> danke für den Hinweis! Habs gleich geändert :-)<br /> Gruß [[User:Hannah Treffert|Hannah Treffert]] 22:50, 17 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Dear AK 47, wie sieht es denn mit Usernamen aus, die nur aus Vornamen bestehen? Du hast Britta geschrieben (die ich persönlich kenne), sie möge einen vollen Klarnamen nehmen. Es gibt hier aber noch viele andere, die nur einen Vornamen haben, deren Accounts aber schon älter sind, sodass Du/man deren Namen mittlerweile einordnen kann/st (zB [[User:Sonja]]). Versteh mich nicht falsch, aber wenn der eine das &quot;darf&quot;, der andere aber nicht, wirkt das komisch, da sich manche an denen orientieren wenn es ums Wiki geht... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 18:00, 21 October 2008 (CEST) PS: Da schwirrt auch eine Nummer irgendwo rum...<br /> <br /> ::Die user, die sich nicht bemerkbar machen, interessieren mich nicht. Bei Leuten, die neu auftauchen, dringe ich darauf, daß sie es vernünftig machen. Sehe aber nicht, wie ich's durchsetzen soll. Soll ich Sonja reformieren - die ich kenne... Ist mir zu mühselig und bin zu wenig Lehrertyp. Man könnte natürlich für alle accounts eröffnen, wie bei StudIP und verbieten, daß Leute sich selbst accounts basteln - will ich aber gar nicht. Also mache ich nur etwas Druck bei Neulingen, hier und da und denke dann spricht sich's herum. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:06, 21 October 2008 (CEST) (Die neue Numer war Kevin... - schrieb ihm bereits)<br /> <br /> Ist das [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=2008-09_AM_Language_Acquisition hier] nicht ein bisschen derb? Mit großen roten Lettern... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:46, 1 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> Ich sehe non nicht, wie ich das hinkriege, da es offensichtlich kursabhängig geschieht. Nachdem ich den Spruch hinschrieb, meldeten sich die Leute besser an. Es ist mir indes gleichgültig, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:55, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> :Dann solltest Du Dich entscheiden. Mit welcher Begründung wird [[User:Beleidigt|er/sie/es]] toleriert? Studenten werden angeschrieben oder geblockt, andere aber können mit Pseudonymen fleißig auf Deiner BM 2 Timeline editieren. Entweder alle Klarnamen und rigoros, oder aber alle sind frei in der Accountwahl... Abendlicher Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:26, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::Verena, das Problem erledigt sich von selbst, da ich einfach sogleich schmerzfrei versterben werde. Sagen wir es mal so: Erst war es ein blödsinniger Unfall, dann ''irgendwie interessant''. Dann hat man Probleme. Und aus spezifischen Gründen, die hier nichts zur Sache tun, geht sowas aber natürlich _grundsätzlich_gar_nicht_. Ich bin zwar kamera- aber nicht kopflos. Mea Culpa, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 22:28, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == Kleine Bitte ==<br /> <br /> Moin. Keine Ahnung, ob ich das auslöse oder ob das immer so ist, a-bär: Ein Hinweis auf Klarnamenbevorzugung auf der Create-Account-Page bzw. genauer in [[MediaWiki:Emailforlost]] wäre nicht schlecht. Keine Ahnung wie die Rezeptionsweisen funktionieren, ich habe allerdings 6(!) Tage gebraucht, den Hinweis zu finden (was ja auch etwas über meine Geistesverfassung aussagen mag). 1. Kam ich nicht über die Hauptseite 2. Lese ich die Hilfe nicht, weil das technische weiß ich ja schon 3. Mit dem About weiß ich es selbst nicht so genau, vielleicht erwartet man von der Textsorte nichts interessantes... Freundliche Grüße in die Runde, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 07:16, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Also wie ich im Wiki Veränderungen vornehme - etwa bei der create an account Schablone Text ablege, dre sagt, was für Accounts wir bevorzugen - keine Ahnung. Das sind Dinge, die sich in unseremm kleinen Wiki auch so regeln. oder auch nicht, ohne katastrophen zu erzeugen, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:00, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::und ich bin in der Lage zu unterscheiden zwischen Leuten, die bewußt ein Pseudonym wählen und anderen, die das tun, ohne zu kapieren, daß es in Recent Changes diese Accounts hinterläßt, die einmal in sieben Jahren was Unübersichtliches tun. Gegen Leute, die entschieden verantwortungsvoll handeln habe ich gar nichts, was auch immer sie als Weg wählen. Bei Leuten, bei denen nur die Wurschtigkeit eine andere Entscheidung verhindert, klopfe ich an, und frage, ob's auch anders geht. Ein Wiki regelt sich selbst, ich bin da gelassen und zuversichtlich und blocke vandalierende Leute - nicht Leute, die aus irgendeinem Spaß mitspielen - warum denn nicht? Das konstruktive Spiel ist mir willkommen, und ich rätsele, was einen Fremden reizt, mal hier herumzuschauen und freue mich über die Neugier und die kleinen konstruktiven Edits. Gelassenheit und ruhiges Kurshalten sind in allen Dingen angeraten, und ruhiges Kurshalten schließt ein, daß man hinnimmt, daß es allemal nie geradlienig geht, doch langfristig eben nach vorne in interessante Gebiete. Gelassenheit und Toleranz... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 23:37, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :::Nein, es beschädigt die Texte nicht. Aber es vandaliert das Norm- und Beziehungsgefüge. Und auch (und gerade das) würde man einen Troll nennen. Alles sehr seltsam... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 06:11, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::::Ich habe diesen Eintrag erwartet - da ich ein langes Buch über einen von Pseudonymen durchzogenenen Buchmarkt schrieb, und darüber nachdachte, wie der langsam zu wahren Namen kam. Namen wie Robinson Crusoe spielten da in der ersten Well mit, und [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tabart Benjamin Tabart] ist mir natürlich nicht unbekannt. Mit Humor dabei --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:56, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==On the Novel==<br /> Just a mental note. I assume you already know that so maybe the note is for myself really. David Lodge in ''The Novelist at the Crossroads'' (1971, repr. 1986) defines the European novel as &quot;synthesis of pre-existing narrative traditions&quot; (p.4 in 1986 edition). [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 13:37, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :Well, yes, though this can be the cheap solution: All texts can and will be influenced by all texts the author read. So a novel I write will be influenced by the entire spectrum of genres - and not only by those fictional. Question remains: which traditions will we note? Also: what will we do about the discourse of traditions that is produced alongside by critics and novelists. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:00, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == bitte ==<br /> <br /> [[Talk:Swarm| Bitte, bitte, bitte lösche das!]] Nicht um meinetwillen, aber bitte nicht hier, nicht im Internet, nicht im Wiki der Uni. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:31, 1 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> #Lösch es selbst. Es disst Leute und bringt nichts voran.<br /> #''going to the party tonight / yeah, its Wednesday'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7LZRaHz0Q8 Na, sicher!]<br /> :[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:05, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> ::es gibt nichts gutes außer man tut es (freut mich, daß noch alle am leben sind - ein enger Tag heute (Euch einen angenehmen!)), mit Dank für's Mitdenken, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 08:44, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> :::Ein paar Ergänzungen in [[BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline|Great Britain and Westindies sowie Great Britain and India]] wären hilfreich. Auf dass andere Suchen und Finden mögen und die Crawler kommen und Alles nach archive.org tragen. So war es schon immer. Ansonsten: Ich bin an Menschen nicht besonders interessiert. Danke. [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 19:59, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sprechstunde==<br /> I am not quite sure if this is the right place but I want to make an appointment to talk about my latest assignment. I hope there is some time left during the office hours! Julia Göbel<br /> :Dear Julia, The office hours Tuesdays 16-17.30 are open to everyone without prior arrangement. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:40, 9 January 2009 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==Von den guten (?) Übersetzungen==<br /> [http://www.libri.de/shop/action/productDetails/1276895/geoffrey_chaucer_die_canterbury_erzaehlungen_3442905125.html Das] oder [http://www.libri.de/shop/action/productDetails/1276893/geoffrey_chaucer_die_canterbury_erzaehlungen_3150077443.html das] oder ist das egal? :-/ [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 10:43, 10 January 2009 (UTC)<br /> :([http://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php?title=3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales&amp;curid=2489&amp;diff=17437&amp;oldid=17430 Die Antwort]) Danke, habs mal bestellt... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 17:28, 10 January 2009 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales Talk:3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-10T17:26:18Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* ... */ +1</p> <hr /> <div>==Gestöbertes==<br /> <br /> ===Rezeption===<br /> *[http://www.herr-rau.de/wordpress/2004/08/geoffrey-chaucer-the-canterbury-tales.htm Was der Lehrer so dachte]<br /> *[http://www.sprachfetzen.de/blog/october-plenty/ Live gibts das auch]<br /> *[http://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/2009/01/08/two_quick_thoughts Da denkt jemand über Wandel nach]<br /> *[http://moviecritic2000.blogspot.com/2008/12/canterbury-tales.html Da hat jemand den Film gesehen]<br /> *[http://my.lotro.com/bob/2008/12/20/canterbury_tales/ Ein Ort, ein Vergleich]<br /> *[http://www.pubology.com/2009/01/ship-shape-and-bristol-fashion.html Kein Bier, keine Literatur]<br /> *[http://medievalnews.blogspot.com/2008/11/canterbury-taleship-hop-style.html Rap-Version]<br /> *[http://community.livejournal.com/medievalstudies/282452.html Hilfe! Ich muss das tun!]<br /> <br /> ===...===<br /> *[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/caxton/homepage.html Caxton's two editions of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, probably printed in 1476 and 1483]<br /> *[http://www.unc.edu/depts/chaucer/chbib.htm Online Chaucer Bibliographies]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales 3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-10T17:23:45Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Literature */ + 2</p> <hr /> <div>Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales'' (1386-1400) have become a classic of English literature. The collection of tales offers a delightful spectrum of medieval stories presented by Chaucer with an awareness of European traditions (some can be found in comparable versions in Boccaccio's ''Decamerone'') and a special delight in attributing them to individual storytellers. The stories begin to stand for a diversified society, characters in turn are characterised by their stories.<br /> <br /> The seminar is designed to lead into the individual stories (we will practice reading them) and to contextualise them historically.<br /> <br /> Participants should buy ''The Riverside Chaucer'', 3rd Ed. (Paperback). If you feel uneasy about the language, read the tales in a German prose translation before.*<br /> <br /> I will offer a special preparatory meeting on Monday Feb 2 to all who would like to pick a seminar topic before the seminar begins. You are expected to have read the ''Canterbury Tales'' by week two of the semester. All participants will have to give insight into their (ongoing) work during the semester in a research paper outline they will discuss in class.<br /> <br /> :* German translations: the bilingual Goldmann-edition at 29 Euros is recommendable. Reclam's translation is incomplete, Manesse offers another prose translation almost complete (I remember an instance where the text got cleansed a bit).<br /> <br /> ==Some Topics==<br /> <br /> *The art of story telling: Variations on Boccaccio (might have room for two papers)<br /> **Clerk's Tale: Day 10, Tale 10<br /> **Franklin's Tale: Day 10, Tale 5<br /> **Merchant's Tale: Day 7, Tale 9<br /> **Pardoner's Prologue: Day 6, Tale 10<br /> **Reeve's Tale: Day 9, Tale 6<br /> **Shipman's Tale: Day 8, Tale 1 <br /> * Male chauvinism in Chaucer's CT<br /> * The lower classes<br /> * Functions of dress<br /> * Chaucer manuscripts and their presentation of the text<br /> * Chaucer in print - an EEBO- and ECCO-Exploration<br /> ** John Dryden's Chaucer<br /> * Autobiographical references in Chaucer's CT<br /> * Anti-Semitism<br /> * Christianity in Chaucer's CT<br /> * How to tell good stories: Instances of criticism within the tales and as part of the interaction between the storytellers<br /> * 18th and 19th century re-evaluations of Chaucer<br /> * Defining the present age: Chaucer and history<br /> * Genres and their definition (within the tales and later criticism)<br /> * Conflicts between the pilgrims<br /> * Techniques of stereotyping<br /> * Humorous solutions of conflicts<br /> * Extra marital affairs<br /> * Personal tragedy in Chaucer's CT <br /> <br /> ===Literature===<br /> *Seth Lerer: [http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/92033454.html Chaucer and his readers. Imagining the author in late-medieval England]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993<br /> *Peter Brown: Chaucer at work. The making of the &quot;Canterbury tales&quot;. London (u.a.): Longman, 1994<br /> *Ruth Evans and Lesley Johnson (Ed.): Feminist readings in Middle English literature. The Wife of Bath and all her sect. London (u.a.): Routledge, 1994<br /> *Gabriele Wendel: &quot;Nach Deinem Text und Deinen Litanein...&quot;. Frauenbilder bei Chaucer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der &quot;Canterbury Tales&quot;. Universität Hamburg: Magisterarbeit, 1995<br /> *N. S. Thompson: Chaucer, Boccaccio, and the debate of love. A comparative study of the Decameron and the Canterbury tales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996<br /> *S. H. Rigby: Chaucer in context. Society, allegory and gender. Manchester (u.a.): Manchester Univ. Press, 1996<br /> *Sheila Delany (Ed.): Chaucer and the Jews. Sources, contexts, meanings. New York (u.a.) : Routledge, 2002<br /> *Edward E. Foster and David H. Carey: Chaucer's church. A dictionary of religious terms in Chaucer. Aldershot (u.a.): Ashgate, 2002<br /> *Suzanne C. Hagedorn: Abandoned women. Rewriting the classics in Dante, Boccaccio, &amp; Chaucer. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2004<br /> *Michael Masi: Chaucer and Gender. New York (u.a.): Lang, 2005<br /> *Alcuin Blamires: Chaucer, ethics, and gender. Oxford (u.a.): Oxford Univ. Press, 2006<br /> *Keiko Hamaguchi: Non-European women in Chaucer. A postcolonial study. New York (u.a.): Lang, 2006<br /> *Shannon L. Rogers: All things Chaucer. An encyclopedia of Chaucer's world. Westport, Conn. (u.a.): Greenwood Press, 2007<br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Tales<br /> <br /> [[Category:2009 AM 2a]]<br /> [[Category:2009 Summer]]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User_talk:Olaf_Simons User talk:Olaf Simons 2009-01-10T10:43:48Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: von den guten (?) übersetzungen</p> <hr /> <div>[[User talk:Olaf Simons/Archive]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Olaf Simons:Medienbestand]]<br /> <br /> ==Prizes/Awards==<br /> *[[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 18:45, 14 July 2008 (CEST): English, James F. 2005. The Economy of Prestige. Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP.<br /> <br /> == blockieren ==<br /> <br /> Vergaß, erst zu blockieren und dann die Seite zu löschen (siehe WeightLossTips, recent changes), und kann den Benutzer User:WeightLoss nicht blockieren (ich sehe die Option nicht, auf die ich klicken kann, welche normalerweise hinter jedem Edit steht. Der ganze User ist auch nicht mehr über recent changes aufgelistet). Auch kann ich seine Seite nicht löschen, obwohl ich das eigentlich können müsste - immerhin könnte ich auch Deine Benutzerseite löschen (theoretisch). Und das verstehe ich nicht ; ). Gruß an die kalte See, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:12, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Wird wohl kein Problem sein - ansonsten radikal unterbinden, Leute, die keine Namen unserer Studenten oder Dozentan haben und sich auch sonst nicht mit einer Identität ausweisen, sollten bei allem Nichtfachlichem gelöscht werden. Von der inspirierenden [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Siggen ostholsteinischen Wikipedia Konferenz], --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:05, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Darum geht es ja: Ich habe zwar die Seite gelöscht, aber nicht den User - da ich nicht sehe, wie ich das machen kann, da ich seine Benutzerseite nur beschränkt sehe. Die Option &quot;blockieren&quot; fehlt (die hinter seinem Namen stehen müsste), und die User Seite [[User:WeightLoss]] kann ich weder löschen, noch die Versionsgeschichte sehen noch kann ich sie auf protect setzen - all das, was normalerweise zu sehen wäre. Das ist meine eigentlich Frage, warum ich das nicht sehen kann, wo ich doch sogar Deine Seite löschen könnte? Muss auf ihr erst was stehen um sie löschen zu können? Wie kann ich den User/seinen Pseudo-Account noch blockieren? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:17, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::Siehst, jetzt habe ich den User erst geblockt und dann die Seite gelöscht (wobei das einfach seine Userseite war) - heute morgen hatte ich erst die Seite gelöscht und wollte dann blocken, aber nach dem Löschen der Seite verschwand der User aus der recent changes Liste, sodass ich die Option &quot;(blockieren)&quot; (hinter dem Namen) nicht mehr sah. Und statt blockieren wollte ich dann seine Userseite löschen, aber die lässt sich nicht löschen,- vielleicht, weil da nichts steht? [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 20:59, 12 October 2008 (CEST) (ich frage aus Verständnisgründen, will ja auch dazulernen und verstehen, wie ein Wiki funktioniert)<br /> ::::Durch Probieren Problem gelöst, selbstständiges Lernen also : ) Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:14, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::''(blocked &quot;User:BoredWikipedians&quot; with an expiry time of infinite: Spam (aber lustiger Name...))''<br /> :::::Räusper. Nicht alles, [http://3.blogs.23.nu/kellerkind/2008/10/passende-auszeit-um-sich-hier-umzusehen/ was man nicht versteht], ist Spam. Und gepostet habe ich, meines Wissens, gar nichts. Kann ich a) meinen Account und b)meine Benutzerseite wiederhaben? Ich habe ja früher mal eine Weile bei der [http://entropie.digital.udk-berlin.de/wiki/Hauptseite der UDK Berlin] gewohnt, die waren da aber weniger grob und tollerant gegenüber anderen Netzlebensformen... Pfh! --[[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 13:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Viel Spaß weiterhin mit den Adminfunktionen :-)<br /> ::::::Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg - aber (das siehst Du ganz richtig) eine offene Plattform. Du kannst mitmachen, solange es die Community interessiert. Ist also die Frage, ob Du ein Projekt hast, das anglistisch oder amerikanistisch interessant ist. Und wer entscheidet das? Ganz am Ende (um das Verfahren zu vereinfachen) ich (und ich warne Dich: es ist gar nicht einfach, was zu machen, was ich interessant finde - möglich aber schon, und für Dich bestimmt eine Bereicherung, Du mußt halt nachdenken). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:53, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::::Zum Verständnis: Vielleicht wäre ein Klarname angebracht, damit es nicht zur Verwechslung kommt. Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen. Was ich nicht zuordnen kann, lösche ich... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 14:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 17:42, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::::''In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden.''<br /> ::::::::::Krass: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB 1] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Am%C3%A9ry 2] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pseudonymen 3] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim 4] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Blixen 5] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll 6] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 7] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 8] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens 9] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger 10] Ich (!) werd' dann mal nachdenken... [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 19:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Verena: Danke für die Wiederherstellung &amp; viel Spaß noch im Netzuniversum :-) Bis dann...<br /> :::::::::::Guckstu: ''Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen'' [...] ''Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg''. Einfach Sache, also. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> Noch eine technische Frage: Wenn ich über Spezialseiten auf [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=Special:Ipblocklist&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ip= Liste blockierter IP-Adressen] klicke, steht da mein Name mit Nummern, die ich blockte, und Uhrzeiten. Da ich bei niemandem anderen von den Admins auf dieser Liste solche Sachen sehe, wundere ich mich darüber. Vor allem, da ich zur besagten Uhrzeit gar nicht im Wiki war... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 22:43, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Das liegt daran, dass jemand, den Du bereits gesperrt hast, sich erneut anmeldet und versucht zu editieren. Soweit er dabei dieselbe IP-Adresse verwendet erfolgt automatisch eine erneute Sperre, hierfür musst Du nicht online sein. Grüße, [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 23:09, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Hallo Olaf,<br /> danke für den Hinweis! Habs gleich geändert :-)<br /> Gruß [[User:Hannah Treffert|Hannah Treffert]] 22:50, 17 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Dear AK 47, wie sieht es denn mit Usernamen aus, die nur aus Vornamen bestehen? Du hast Britta geschrieben (die ich persönlich kenne), sie möge einen vollen Klarnamen nehmen. Es gibt hier aber noch viele andere, die nur einen Vornamen haben, deren Accounts aber schon älter sind, sodass Du/man deren Namen mittlerweile einordnen kann/st (zB [[User:Sonja]]). Versteh mich nicht falsch, aber wenn der eine das &quot;darf&quot;, der andere aber nicht, wirkt das komisch, da sich manche an denen orientieren wenn es ums Wiki geht... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 18:00, 21 October 2008 (CEST) PS: Da schwirrt auch eine Nummer irgendwo rum...<br /> <br /> ::Die user, die sich nicht bemerkbar machen, interessieren mich nicht. Bei Leuten, die neu auftauchen, dringe ich darauf, daß sie es vernünftig machen. Sehe aber nicht, wie ich's durchsetzen soll. Soll ich Sonja reformieren - die ich kenne... Ist mir zu mühselig und bin zu wenig Lehrertyp. Man könnte natürlich für alle accounts eröffnen, wie bei StudIP und verbieten, daß Leute sich selbst accounts basteln - will ich aber gar nicht. Also mache ich nur etwas Druck bei Neulingen, hier und da und denke dann spricht sich's herum. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:06, 21 October 2008 (CEST) (Die neue Numer war Kevin... - schrieb ihm bereits)<br /> <br /> Ist das [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=2008-09_AM_Language_Acquisition hier] nicht ein bisschen derb? Mit großen roten Lettern... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:46, 1 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> Ich sehe non nicht, wie ich das hinkriege, da es offensichtlich kursabhängig geschieht. Nachdem ich den Spruch hinschrieb, meldeten sich die Leute besser an. Es ist mir indes gleichgültig, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:55, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> :Dann solltest Du Dich entscheiden. Mit welcher Begründung wird [[User:Beleidigt|er/sie/es]] toleriert? Studenten werden angeschrieben oder geblockt, andere aber können mit Pseudonymen fleißig auf Deiner BM 2 Timeline editieren. Entweder alle Klarnamen und rigoros, oder aber alle sind frei in der Accountwahl... Abendlicher Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:26, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::Verena, das Problem erledigt sich von selbst, da ich einfach sogleich schmerzfrei versterben werde. Sagen wir es mal so: Erst war es ein blödsinniger Unfall, dann ''irgendwie interessant''. Dann hat man Probleme. Und aus spezifischen Gründen, die hier nichts zur Sache tun, geht sowas aber natürlich _grundsätzlich_gar_nicht_. Ich bin zwar kamera- aber nicht kopflos. Mea Culpa, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 22:28, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == Kleine Bitte ==<br /> <br /> Moin. Keine Ahnung, ob ich das auslöse oder ob das immer so ist, a-bär: Ein Hinweis auf Klarnamenbevorzugung auf der Create-Account-Page bzw. genauer in [[MediaWiki:Emailforlost]] wäre nicht schlecht. Keine Ahnung wie die Rezeptionsweisen funktionieren, ich habe allerdings 6(!) Tage gebraucht, den Hinweis zu finden (was ja auch etwas über meine Geistesverfassung aussagen mag). 1. Kam ich nicht über die Hauptseite 2. Lese ich die Hilfe nicht, weil das technische weiß ich ja schon 3. Mit dem About weiß ich es selbst nicht so genau, vielleicht erwartet man von der Textsorte nichts interessantes... Freundliche Grüße in die Runde, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 07:16, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Also wie ich im Wiki Veränderungen vornehme - etwa bei der create an account Schablone Text ablege, dre sagt, was für Accounts wir bevorzugen - keine Ahnung. Das sind Dinge, die sich in unseremm kleinen Wiki auch so regeln. oder auch nicht, ohne katastrophen zu erzeugen, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:00, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::und ich bin in der Lage zu unterscheiden zwischen Leuten, die bewußt ein Pseudonym wählen und anderen, die das tun, ohne zu kapieren, daß es in Recent Changes diese Accounts hinterläßt, die einmal in sieben Jahren was Unübersichtliches tun. Gegen Leute, die entschieden verantwortungsvoll handeln habe ich gar nichts, was auch immer sie als Weg wählen. Bei Leuten, bei denen nur die Wurschtigkeit eine andere Entscheidung verhindert, klopfe ich an, und frage, ob's auch anders geht. Ein Wiki regelt sich selbst, ich bin da gelassen und zuversichtlich und blocke vandalierende Leute - nicht Leute, die aus irgendeinem Spaß mitspielen - warum denn nicht? Das konstruktive Spiel ist mir willkommen, und ich rätsele, was einen Fremden reizt, mal hier herumzuschauen und freue mich über die Neugier und die kleinen konstruktiven Edits. Gelassenheit und ruhiges Kurshalten sind in allen Dingen angeraten, und ruhiges Kurshalten schließt ein, daß man hinnimmt, daß es allemal nie geradlienig geht, doch langfristig eben nach vorne in interessante Gebiete. Gelassenheit und Toleranz... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 23:37, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :::Nein, es beschädigt die Texte nicht. Aber es vandaliert das Norm- und Beziehungsgefüge. Und auch (und gerade das) würde man einen Troll nennen. Alles sehr seltsam... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 06:11, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::::Ich habe diesen Eintrag erwartet - da ich ein langes Buch über einen von Pseudonymen durchzogenenen Buchmarkt schrieb, und darüber nachdachte, wie der langsam zu wahren Namen kam. Namen wie Robinson Crusoe spielten da in der ersten Well mit, und [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tabart Benjamin Tabart] ist mir natürlich nicht unbekannt. Mit Humor dabei --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:56, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==On the Novel==<br /> Just a mental note. I assume you already know that so maybe the note is for myself really. David Lodge in ''The Novelist at the Crossroads'' (1971, repr. 1986) defines the European novel as &quot;synthesis of pre-existing narrative traditions&quot; (p.4 in 1986 edition). [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 13:37, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :Well, yes, though this can be the cheap solution: All texts can and will be influenced by all texts the author read. So a novel I write will be influenced by the entire spectrum of genres - and not only by those fictional. Question remains: which traditions will we note? Also: what will we do about the discourse of traditions that is produced alongside by critics and novelists. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:00, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == bitte ==<br /> <br /> [[Talk:Swarm| Bitte, bitte, bitte lösche das!]] Nicht um meinetwillen, aber bitte nicht hier, nicht im Internet, nicht im Wiki der Uni. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:31, 1 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> #Lösch es selbst. Es disst Leute und bringt nichts voran.<br /> #''going to the party tonight / yeah, its Wednesday'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7LZRaHz0Q8 Na, sicher!]<br /> :[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:05, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> ::es gibt nichts gutes außer man tut es (freut mich, daß noch alle am leben sind - ein enger Tag heute (Euch einen angenehmen!)), mit Dank für's Mitdenken, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 08:44, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> :::Ein paar Ergänzungen in [[BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline|Great Britain and Westindies sowie Great Britain and India]] wären hilfreich. Auf dass andere Suchen und Finden mögen und die Crawler kommen und Alles nach archive.org tragen. So war es schon immer. Ansonsten: Ich bin an Menschen nicht besonders interessiert. Danke. [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 19:59, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Sprechstunde==<br /> I am not quite sure if this is the right place but I want to make an appointment to talk about my latest assignment. I hope there is some time left during the office hours! Julia Göbel<br /> :Dear Julia, The office hours Tuesdays 16-17.30 are open to everyone without prior arrangement. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:40, 9 January 2009 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==Von den guten (?) Übersetzungen==<br /> [http://www.libri.de/shop/action/productDetails/1276895/geoffrey_chaucer_die_canterbury_erzaehlungen_3442905125.html Das] oder [http://www.libri.de/shop/action/productDetails/1276893/geoffrey_chaucer_die_canterbury_erzaehlungen_3150077443.html das] oder ist das egal? :-/ [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 10:43, 10 January 2009 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales Talk:3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-10T10:18:44Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Gestöbertes */ Caxton's two editions of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, probably printed in 1476 and 1483</p> <hr /> <div>==Gestöbertes==<br /> ===Bücher===<br /> *Alcuin Blamires: Chaucer, ethics, and gender. Oxford (u.a.): Oxford Univ. Press, 2006<br /> *Sheila Delany (Ed.): Chaucer and the Jews. Sources, contexts, meanings. New York (u.a.) : Routledge, 2002<br /> *Peter Brown: Chaucer at work. The making of the &quot;Canterbury tales&quot;. London (u.a.): Longman, 1994<br /> *Ruth Evans and Lesley Johnson (Ed.): Feminist readings in Middle English literature. The Wife of Bath and all her sect. London (u.a.): Routledge, 1994<br /> *Edward E. Foster and David H. Carey: Chaucer's church. A dictionary of religious terms in Chaucer. Aldershot (u.a.): Ashgate, 2002<br /> *Suzanne C. Hagedorn: Abandoned women. Rewriting the classics in Dante, Boccaccio, &amp; Chaucer. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2004<br /> *Seth Lerer: [http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/92033454.html Chaucer and his readers. Imagining the author in late-medieval England]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993<br /> *S. H. Rigby: Chaucer in context. Society, allegory and gender. Manchester (u.a.): Manchester Univ. Press, 1996<br /> *Shannon L. Rogers: All things Chaucer. An encyclopedia of Chaucer's world. Westport, Conn. (u.a.): Greenwood Press, 2007<br /> *N. S. Thompson: Chaucer, Boccaccio, and the debate of love. A comparative study of the Decameron and the Canterbury tales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996<br /> *Gabriele Wendel: &quot;Nach Deinem Text und Deinen Litanein...&quot;. Frauenbilder bei Chaucer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der &quot;Canterbury Tales&quot;. Universität Hamburg: Magisterarbeit, 1995<br /> <br /> ===Rezeption===<br /> *[http://www.herr-rau.de/wordpress/2004/08/geoffrey-chaucer-the-canterbury-tales.htm Was der Lehrer so dachte]<br /> *[http://www.sprachfetzen.de/blog/october-plenty/ Live gibts das auch]<br /> *[http://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/2009/01/08/two_quick_thoughts Da denkt jemand über Wandel nach]<br /> *[http://moviecritic2000.blogspot.com/2008/12/canterbury-tales.html Da hat jemand den Film gesehen]<br /> *[http://my.lotro.com/bob/2008/12/20/canterbury_tales/ Ein Ort, ein Vergleich]<br /> *[http://www.pubology.com/2009/01/ship-shape-and-bristol-fashion.html Kein Bier, keine Literatur]<br /> *[http://medievalnews.blogspot.com/2008/11/canterbury-taleship-hop-style.html Rap-Version]<br /> *[http://community.livejournal.com/medievalstudies/282452.html Hilfe! Ich muss das tun!]<br /> <br /> ===...===<br /> *[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/caxton/homepage.html Caxton's two editions of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, probably printed in 1476 and 1483]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales Talk:3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-09T18:31:13Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: </p> <hr /> <div>==Gestöbertes==<br /> ===Bücher===<br /> *Alcuin Blamires: Chaucer, ethics, and gender. Oxford (u.a.): Oxford Univ. Press, 2006<br /> *Sheila Delany (Ed.): Chaucer and the Jews. Sources, contexts, meanings. New York (u.a.) : Routledge, 2002<br /> *Peter Brown: Chaucer at work. The making of the &quot;Canterbury tales&quot;. London (u.a.): Longman, 1994<br /> *Ruth Evans and Lesley Johnson (Ed.): Feminist readings in Middle English literature. The Wife of Bath and all her sect. London (u.a.): Routledge, 1994<br /> *Edward E. Foster and David H. Carey: Chaucer's church. A dictionary of religious terms in Chaucer. Aldershot (u.a.): Ashgate, 2002<br /> *Suzanne C. Hagedorn: Abandoned women. Rewriting the classics in Dante, Boccaccio, &amp; Chaucer. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2004<br /> *Seth Lerer: [http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/92033454.html Chaucer and his readers. Imagining the author in late-medieval England]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993<br /> *S. H. Rigby: Chaucer in context. Society, allegory and gender. Manchester (u.a.): Manchester Univ. Press, 1996<br /> *Shannon L. Rogers: All things Chaucer. An encyclopedia of Chaucer's world. Westport, Conn. (u.a.): Greenwood Press, 2007<br /> *N. S. Thompson: Chaucer, Boccaccio, and the debate of love. A comparative study of the Decameron and the Canterbury tales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996<br /> *Gabriele Wendel: &quot;Nach Deinem Text und Deinen Litanein...&quot;. Frauenbilder bei Chaucer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der &quot;Canterbury Tales&quot;. Universität Hamburg: Magisterarbeit, 1995<br /> <br /> ===Rezeption===<br /> *[http://www.herr-rau.de/wordpress/2004/08/geoffrey-chaucer-the-canterbury-tales.htm Was der Lehrer so dachte]<br /> *[http://www.sprachfetzen.de/blog/october-plenty/ Live gibts das auch]<br /> *[http://slog.thestranger.com/slog/archives/2009/01/08/two_quick_thoughts Da denkt jemand über Wandel nach]<br /> *[http://moviecritic2000.blogspot.com/2008/12/canterbury-tales.html Da hat jemand den Film gesehen]<br /> *[http://my.lotro.com/bob/2008/12/20/canterbury_tales/ Ein Ort, ein Vergleich]<br /> *[http://www.pubology.com/2009/01/ship-shape-and-bristol-fashion.html Kein Bier, keine Literatur]<br /> *[http://medievalnews.blogspot.com/2008/11/canterbury-taleship-hop-style.html Rap-Version]<br /> *[http://community.livejournal.com/medievalstudies/282452.html Hilfe! Ich muss das tun!]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales Talk:3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-09T17:55:34Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: gestöbertes: möglicherweise nützliche dinge - sonst wegwerfen...</p> <hr /> <div>==Gestöbertes==<br /> *Alcuin Blamires: Chaucer, ethics, and gender. Oxford (u.a.): Oxford Univ. Press, 2006<br /> *Sheila Delany (Ed.): Chaucer and the Jews. Sources, contexts, meanings. New York (u.a.) : Routledge, 2002<br /> *Peter Brown: Chaucer at work. The making of the &quot;Canterbury tales&quot;. London (u.a.): Longman, 1994<br /> *Ruth Evans and Lesley Johnson (Ed.): Feminist readings in Middle English literature. The Wife of Bath and all her sect. London (u.a.): Routledge, 1994<br /> *Edward E. Foster and David H. Carey: Chaucer's church. A dictionary of religious terms in Chaucer. Aldershot (u.a.): Ashgate, 2002<br /> *Suzanne C. Hagedorn: Abandoned women. Rewriting the classics in Dante, Boccaccio, &amp; Chaucer. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2004<br /> *Seth Lerer: [http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/prin031/92033454.html Chaucer and his readers. Imagining the author in late-medieval England]. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 1993<br /> *S. H. Rigby: Chaucer in context. Society, allegory and gender. Manchester (u.a.): Manchester Univ. Press, 1996<br /> *Shannon L. Rogers: All things Chaucer. An encyclopedia of Chaucer's world. Westport, Conn. (u.a.): Greenwood Press, 2007<br /> *N. S. Thompson: Chaucer, Boccaccio, and the debate of love. A comparative study of the Decameron and the Canterbury tales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996<br /> *Gabriele Wendel: &quot;Nach Deinem Text und Deinen Litanein...&quot;. Frauenbilder bei Chaucer unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der &quot;Canterbury Tales&quot;. Universität Hamburg: Magisterarbeit, 1995</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/3.02.282_Canterbury_Tales 3.02.282 Canterbury Tales 2009-01-09T16:54:45Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: b wie benjamin</p> <hr /> <div>Chaucer's ''Canterbury Tales'' (1386-1400) have become a classic of English literature. The collection of tales offers a delightful spectrum of medieval stories presented by Chaucer with an awareness of European traditions (some can be found in comparable versions in Boccaccio's ''Decamerone'') and a special delight in attributing them to individual storytellers. The stories begin to stand for a diversified society, characters in turn are characterised by their stories.<br /> <br /> The seminar is designed to lead into the individual stories (we will practice reading them) and to contextualise them historically.<br /> <br /> Participants should buy ''The Riverside Chaucer'', 3rd Ed. (Paperback). If you feel uneasy about the language, read the tales in a German prose translation before.<br /> <br /> I will offer a special preparatory meeting on Monday Feb 2 to all who would like to pick a seminar topic before the seminar begins. You are expected to have read the ''Canterbury Tales'' by week two of the semester. All participants will have to give insight into their (ongoing) work during the semester in a research paper outline they will discuss in class.<br /> <br /> ==Some Topics==<br /> <br /> *The art of story telling: Variations on Boccaccio (might have room for two papers)<br /> **Clerk's Tale: Day 10, Tale 10<br /> **Franklin's Tale: Day 10, Tale 5<br /> **Merchant's Tale: Day 7, Tale 9<br /> **Pardoner's Prologue: Day 6, Tale 10<br /> **Reeve's Tale: Day 9, Tale 6<br /> **Shipman's Tale: Day 8, Tale 1 <br /> * Male chauvinism in Chaucer's CT<br /> * The lower classes<br /> * Functions of dress<br /> * Chaucer manuscripts and their presentation of the text<br /> * Chaucer in print - an EEBO- and ECCO-Exploration<br /> ** John Dryden's Chaucer<br /> * Autobiographical references in Chaucer's CT<br /> * Anti-Semitism<br /> * Christianity in Chaucer's CT<br /> * How to tell good stories: Instances of criticism within the tales and as part of the interaction between the storytellers<br /> * 18th and 19th century re-evaluations of Chaucer<br /> * Defining the present age: Chaucer and history<br /> * Genres and their definition (within the tales and later criticism)<br /> * Conflicts between the pilgrims<br /> * Techniques of stereotyping<br /> * Humorous solutions of conflicts<br /> * Extra marital affairs<br /> * Personal tragedy in Chaucer's CT <br /> <br /> ==Links==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Tales<br /> <br /> [[Category:2009 AM 2a]]<br /> [[Category:2009 Summer]]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:M.A._English_Studies Talk:M.A. English Studies 2008-12-31T11:12:12Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: jutes neues!</p> <hr /> <div>Hallo. Der Link zur &quot;fachspezifische Anlage&quot; für das Fach M.A. English Studies zeigt eine veraltete und nicht mehr gültige Ordnung vom 08.02.2007. Die neue, zur Zeit aktuelle Ordnung ist jene vom 20.02.2008, welche unter den vielen Links zum Prüfungsamt zu finden ist (in der Alten steht nämlich noch nicht, dass Studierende für das Fakultätsmodul das Studienangebot einer anderen Philologie nutzen müssen). Vielleicht wäre es gut, die Alte gegen die Neue auszutauschen? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:40, 29 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> :Hoffe, es ist okay, dass ich das gemacht habe. War mir nämlich nicht sicher, ob das angebracht ist, da ich Studentin bin und keine Lehrende. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:32, 31 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> ::Naja, wenn es ''inhaltlich korrekt'' ist und Sachen ''verbessert'' kann ja eigentlich nichts dagegen sprechen... Juten Rutsch Frau Engelhardt und jutes Neues! :-) [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 11:12, 31 December 2008 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Blog Blog 2008-12-26T20:58:23Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: @ home, Friday, 26th December 2008</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> *&lt;small&gt;choose a column, write, sign with &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;, save.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> *&lt;small&gt;[[Blog:Archive]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> {|width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;<br /> |width=45% align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> <br /> <br /> == Thanks, and Good Night. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:45, 22 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Welp, heading back to the states. Had fun here, but of course nothing gold can stay. I trust the next person to take over this side will have more relevant things than I to say. Don't forget to tip your waitresses. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:45, 22 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Have Been a Fool for Lesser Things --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:01, 14 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> You know what the Famila on Scheideweg could use? a 10-items-or-less line. It saves so much hassle when I want to buy something quick in the states. Also: random music suggestion- The Queers &quot;Like A Parasite&quot;. That is all. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:01, 14 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Did She Ever Say A Prayer For Me? --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:28, 10 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, It's pretty much the way it goes in my life, but as I'm coming to the end of my semester here I'm still essentially shocked that I'm heading back home in 2 weeks. I know I didn't do as much traveling as some of the kids that came here, but I lived a way different life than I was used to, so I'm a little bit ancy about re-acclimating to my normal life back home. Every thing you go though has some sort of affect on you one way or an other, so what's normal anyway? I can say for certain that I am not looking forward to having to pay for gasoline again. (The Baltimore-Metropolitan Mass Transit is less than stellar - so I have to use my car) But I guess I did all the Study-Abroad classic-style things; hang out exclusively in expat bars, talk as much english as possible, and give people who talk to me in german weird looks... or not. What did I actually do? I did do a fair amount of traveling, although I took mostly Day-Trips using the Semester Ticket it was all fun, Fell for a girl who in turn broke my heart, ate the local cuisine, seen first-hand how you German kids rock this soccer-thing we in the states hear you Europeans love so much, seen Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Dresden, Hannover, Leer, Emden, and been to the Netherlands (I have a few friends with specific interests that it will be fun to hold THAT fact over their head), I did break a few promises to myself (I would definitely say I consumed more liquor than I thought I would, but I didn't do anything especially stupid because of it, and it's not like I had to drive), But I did start and then subsiquently STOP smoking... I didn't really try any fancy places to eat here, I did a thing where I tried a bunch of the small places, but I should've tried to have eaten in one nice restaraunt. Oh well. This is just me running through my mind. I get to go back home where summer actually means summer, and there are screens on the windows to keep the bugs out. I will have fun pointing out to all the people back home that &quot;Trader Joes&quot; is the brand they sell in the discount (Aldi) stores here. One of my friends here has complained about not being able to retreat to speaking english to get away from things here, but i'm looking forward to talking in German with the people I know in the states, it's always fun. I actually made a list on my livejournal of all the things I plan to do [http://blitzkriegradio.livejournal.com/420939.html See It Here]. The things I'll miss here won't really hit me until I get home, though. I would also add that I think doing this makes me seriously consider working with the Study Abroad / International Student office back home, It'll supplement my Student-Group Leadership stuff for my Resume. <br /> And now for something completely different: I like the theme of &quot;Leningrad&quot;, but there's no way it's as catchy as &quot;Only The Good Die Young&quot;. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:28, 10 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == A Quick Q&amp;A Session With the Author --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:38, 7 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Q: You know what season I miss?<br /> A: Summer. <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:38, 7 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Celebrate American Independance by Blowing Up a Small Part of Germany --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:51, 5 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> The American Kids here are all about the 4th of July, which I don't think I've celebrated since the 9th Grade. What's the legality of Fireworks here in the Bundesrepublik? because I'd hate to think some of them might do something illegal with small scale explosives. I guess we'll find out when we read the headline &quot;Hooligans caught firing rockets&quot; in the newspaper. Just over 20 days 'til I go home... I sort of don't really want to go, it'd be more fun to bring the people and things from home that I miss here. Alas, so dawn sinks down to day, nothing gold can stay. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:51, 5 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == German Interwebs, Music, and Day Trips. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:00, 30 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I love all the ads for &quot;free U.S. visas!&quot; &quot;get ahead of the line!&quot; ... etc. I'm just sit there and think &quot;Really? I could get into AMERICA???&quot; its nice to see the advertisements on the internet are just as stupid here as they are back home. Also I went to Emden today and almost boarded the ferry, but then realised that if I did, I would have to spend the night there, and spending the night on an island beach is something I'd rather do with someone. I feel like I'm better able to handle questions and such in German now, so hooray! ... That's all I've got. Here are three songs that I've been listening to a lot lately: Billy Joel- Piano Man , Bon Jovi- Livin' on a Prayer, and finally an actual good song: Suicide is Painless (the theme from M*A*S*H - the film) [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:00, 30 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Headline text --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:20, 28 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Saturday Tests = No good. No good at all. <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:20, 28 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I can think of at least 7 words to write here. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:32, 24 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Man, George Carlin died. I'm kind of sad about that. If you want to see some of the best you can do with the english language, all you've got now is old video clips. Other than that I had an extra class today and then a Barbeque later. I have so much food left over it's crazy. I'm starting to feel kinda sad about having to go home in a month, but I'm also super excited about my classes next semester. Anyhoo, I've got lots of work to do, but I've still got a few more entries to write before I hand this off to the next kid. Until then, ciao. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:32, 24 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == What? --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 12:41, 20 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I have nothing to add. I'm sure I'll think up something. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 12:41, 20 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == No One Told This Country That It's Almost Summer. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:44, 15 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Why is it so cold??? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:44, 15 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Title! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:24, 12 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> And an other thing: The setting up of extra-classes here is weird. I don't think I've ever had a professor be like &quot;we're going to have an extra class on day X time Y, so show up&quot; back home. If the professor misses class, they just roll everything into the remaining classes. I don't disagree with the practice here, but sometimes it's weird to have to be like &quot;oh yeah, I have my tuesday class on friday today.&quot; [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:24, 12 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == In Whiskey, Gin, and Pints of Beer ... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:19, 10 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I miss my fellow blogger on the other side of the page, she always has more interesting things to say than I. Post something, my American-Style-Slackery can not compensate for your learned-ness. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:19, 10 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == And a Row and a Ruction Soon Began... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:14, 10 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> So I went ahead and booked a flight to Ireland in July. Anyone want to come with me? (you'd have to pay for it yourself, but at least Ryanair wouldn't cancel the flight if enough people signed up!) In celebration of that I have been listening to Irish Folk songs all afternoon. It was a hard decision, especially once I realised I could also have gone to Malta, but my pride in my Irish Heritage (it's in the mix somewhere behind the german, dutch, and polish) won out over sunshine. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:14, 10 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == More Breaking Irrelevance! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:59, 9 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> <br /> [http://www.studivz.net/Profile/71568d894aecf944 I got your German-Facebook Deal, You can be my friend now!]<br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:59, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Have So Many Photo Albums on Facebook Now That I Have Run Out of Ways to Keep The Titles In My Humorous Theme and They Are All Now Long, Rambling Descriptions of What I Did. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:58, 9 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> So I took the ISO's Trip to Dresden. I had a lot of fun, and did the touristy-things (taking pictures, seeing all the classical sights, riding on a boat), and was perfectly okay with playing the complete-tourist. It was nice to get out. I walked to the top of the Frauenkirche, and I am horribly afraid of heights. I proved to myself I could do it, and even leaned over the edge a little bit, and didn't hold onto the railings 100% of the time! The Hostel in Dresden was fairly nice, 2 beds to a room, and a sink. but for having the sink they could've stood to put a half-bath in, but I'm too used to hotel rooms (I guess having worked in one? or maybe because I always want to stay in a Hotel because my parents never let me as a child; the same reason I always take the elevator - yeah, I know, I had such a deprived childhood). That being said, the food that was available there more then made up for having to walk down the hall to the bathroom. They served the first night Chicken Florentine (kind of, it was stuffed instead of served on a bed of spinach), Basmati Rice (mislabeled as &quot;Risotto&quot;), Salad-type-stuff, and all sorts of jazz. The breakfasts were pretty much conventional &quot;Continental&quot; breakfasts, and the last night was a &quot;grillparty&quot; night, it was neat. I went out with the kids to sit along the Elbe, Drink, and Chill. We went to a bar, and at some point I decided everyone at my table needed a shot of Jack Daniels, so I fronted the cash for it. Really I did it as a tribute to ... something. I'm sure of it. The bus rides were generally terrible (except for the tour of the city/immediate region, that was nice) because of the music (I can't stand pop music, If I need filler music I go straight for Oldies, Classic Rock, 90's Alternative, Blues, or Bluegrass), the fact that I no matter what wound up sitting in the side of the bus with ALL of the sun and NONE of the air-flow, and the lack-of-legroom thing I had going on. All in All though, I had a good time. I think I want to go somewhere in The Netherlands next weekend, and as for a longer-term trip once my classes have ended? I'm leaning harder towards Dublin, but Spain still seems nice. <br /> <br /> ''On a Completely Random Note, here are some random things that happened to me that I found to be amazing:''<br /> <br /> - I took a Taxi at one point to get to the Hostel in Dresden, and the driver kept the windows down, and I got to ride with my arm hanging out, I haven't done that in so long. It was awesome!<br /> <br /> - I did not fall down the staircases in the Frauenkirche. <br /> <br /> - Fireworks! They had Fireworks! I watched them from the a bridge at one point, it made the trip. <br /> <br /> ''and one last note:''<br /> <br /> The Doeners were better in Berlin. <br /> <br /> ''oh wait; I did have an other one:''<br /> <br /> At one point, I was sitting at night on the steps infront of an old church near the waterfront. There was classical music slowly wafting through the air to my ears. I was happy to be there, but I wished so hard that I had someone to hold my hand and share the experience with me. <br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:58, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Whatever Comes to Mind in Hannover --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:41, 9 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> ''This is copied verbatim from my pocket notebook, I wrote this as I sat in an &quot;American Roadhouse&quot; a few blocks from the Hauptbahnhof in Hannover:.''<br /> <br /> [I'm] Trying a &quot;Roadhouse&quot; in Hannover: I do reckon one ought not play &quot;Pink&quot; in a Roadhouse in the states, and ought switch said artist, should they inadvertantly be played, to Johnny Cash as soon as possible. Except now they've got sports on. I mean, it's soccer, so you'd still get your ass kicked for watching it, but oh well. <br /> <br /> They have a &quot;Maryland Salad&quot; here with beans and all sorts of crap one does not think of when they think of Maryland. It has a &quot;Southern Dressing&quot; and it is hard to think of Maryland as Southern. That it is advertised as such is amusing. Also there was no mention of Crabs and/or Old Bay seasoning, it's really not &quot;Maryland&quot;. (It has chicken and I know Maryland has Chicken Farms, but it's not like it's KNOWN for that.) <br /> <br /> I ordered &quot;Hot Ribs&quot; to see how they do both (Hot and Ribs). In both cases 'aforehand I ain't been super impressed here. The ribs were only 9 Euro, so that's nice. At home I'd expect to pay upwards of $20. <br /> <br /> They were pretty good, I was going to get a brownie sundae but was full. <br /> <br /> Then I walked to the Bahnhof.<br /> <br /> Then I did a dance.<br /> <br /> I have 30 minutes to kill...<br /> <br /> ''The End.''<br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:41, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Lost My Whole Entry. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:56, 8 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> I wrote a fairly decent entry about my trip to Dresden. Then started reading Wikipedia articles and forgot to post it, and then my session logged out and I lost it. I am sad. I will write it again though. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:56, 8 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> :such edits are not really lost - you have to scroll down and give the confirmation that you actually want to save it. Tough luck because if you don't do that, they are really lost. You can prevent the procedure by asking for a preview before you safe it. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:40, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> :: I clicked the wrong link after I found it and really did lose it. I generally confirm beforehand regardless. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:32, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Sun Shining Down on a Cloudy Day --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:14, 5 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I Found 20 Euro at the ZOB today! hooray! I'm going to spend it on something frivelous. <br /> I also got a Haircut today. Last night I went to the &quot;International Fair&quot; thing, it was okay, I tried the food from a few of the stands, most of it was pretty good (except for the vegemite at the Australian table... I did not enjoy it, it was comprable to caviar in terms of saltiness, and I see where people might like it, but I don't like overly salt things). The party deal they did after was ... mediocre at best, They played &quot;Should I Stay or Should I Go?&quot; from The Clash, which I always like, but everything else is pop crap, even the song by The Clash that they played is more known for being the song-in-the-background-of-the-romantic-comedy-movie-trailer than for being by one of the most influential 70's punk rock bands. I pogo'd a bit while they played The Clash with this girl who was talking with people I knew from the Brückenkurs, but none of them would join in. I left fairly early because the whole scene is not my deal, and I was still feeling kinda depressed over stupid things I shouldn't concern myself with but do anyway. I lost the thing I wrote about my day-trip to Hannover, I'll find it at some point, hopefully before tomorrow because I want to take it with me to Dresden. I have a papercut on my thumb and it hurts. I've also just downloaded &quot;Suicide Is Painless&quot;. It's such an amazing song. Right, anyway, I'll write something else later...<br /> <br /> == This Ain't the Way it's Supposed to be --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:57, 1 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> I can't log in to my Towson.edu E-Mail account, and Complaining to anyone at TU about anything from Europe is a big ol' waste of time. dagnabit. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:57, 1 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == The Kids Are All Lame --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:41, 31 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I went to the &quot;Heavy Metal Night&quot; at this &quot;Amadeus&quot; place. The kids all danced to Maralyn Manson, Linkin Park, and terrible Nu-Metal type crap. They played Rage Against The Machine and I was the only one on the floor. I marched around in a circle and taunted them all in english for a bit. Still, I like to think for a little bit I was in a circle pit all by my self. Today I went to Hannover, but now I'm too tired to write about it, I will write more tomorrow. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:41, 31 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == They're going through a tight wind --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:42, 30 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> I was going to take the train to Hannover today, but it was too crowded so I went to class instead. I tried to talk less today, because I'm starting to get tired of hearing my own voice in class. <br /> I think I'll probably go somewhere over the weekend: Hamburg, Bremen, Hannover, Bremerhaven, who knows? though from that list I can safely assume the name will start with either an H or a B. I've also been thinking about taking a week or so and visiting Ireland or Spain while I'm in europe. My spanish is right terrible, but I do know some basic things &quot;me da una cervesa para beber, y unas patatas bravas&quot; ... etc. All the other kids are going to Paris ...etc. I have no real interest in that. Were I to go anywhere in France it would be along the mediterranian or atlantic, or Normandy or Alsaice... But deciding between Dublin and Barcelona is hard. I'm going to go once the classes have ended, before I head back to the states. There are also cheap flights to Italy, but my knowledge of Italian extends as far as &quot;Non Parlo Italiano&quot;, &quot;Mi Piaci&quot; and &quot;Et Tu, Brutus?&quot;; therefore I think I will wait until I can take some Italian courses to travel to Italy. I also want to go back to The Netherlands at some point before I leave. My friend back home, who for the purpose of this blog we'll call &quot;Christa - who was born in Frankfurt Am Main, Germany and is a Finance Major&quot;, told me to go to the first coffee shop I see in the netherlands and eat as many &quot;Space Cakes&quot; as possible, since she assures me that even if I'm regularly immune to Marijuana, that doing so would nevertheless get me &quot;high&quot;. I would take her challenge, were it not required of me therein to pay for said cakes. Also, the name &quot;Space Cakes&quot; is misleading, as nothing in them contains enough fuel to reach escape velocity. I don't know what I'm going to do tonight; but I'm gonna go out and try to find something. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:42, 30 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == The Business of Selling Out --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:16, 28 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I went to Burger King today, just sort of on a whim. That was a bad idea, because the money I spent there I could've spent at a privately owned place that probably (though not necessarily) would have had better food. Anyhoo, just a random question; how many people actually read this? because I always assumed the number was like, 5. That's about the average on the internet, right? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:16, 28 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> :There is a counter below, as soon as you change the page it is updated (you can't fool it by visiting your entry repeatedly). So take a look at the count right after your edits. On [[Special:Popularpages]] you get the comparative ranking of all pages within this wiki. Most visitors will not come via Google, so I'd assume you have a regular audience of people studying here - and of people outside. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:11, 29 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::3.369-3.418 is the edit count for the past 24 hours on [[Special:Popularpages]]. That is 49 vistors per day, and I guess most of them are Oldenburg students and staff - there is hardly a word on this page nor does it get a link from an extern website which would induce Google to send us visitors from outside world onto this page. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:49, 30 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Yeah? Well... -[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:39, 27 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I've had my window open most nights since mid-april, but I live next to a small sheep farm and they don't stop bleating. There are times at night where my deepest fantasy is to sneak to the farm next door and throw myself a big ol' Barbacoa [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa] party. I'm too used to hearing traffic at night as opposed to ... you know, animals. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:39, 27 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Today Was a Day. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:36, 27 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I am terrible at thinking up entry titles. Always have been, always will be. <br /> We discussed biological rythym and &quot;internal clocks&quot; in German class today. I would say it is for me a poor coincidence (but not Irony, as defined by Futurama as &quot;expressing words as something other than their literal intent&quot; or some such nonesense) to cover such a topic in a time period I absolutely can not function in (from 8 am to 12 noon: what can I say? I'm a night person.). The whole deal was B.S. anyway, I've never been able to work in the rythym they say you're supposed to. On a completely different topic: I also went ahead and tried &quot;die Kleine Kajute&quot; (Probably spelled that wrong, but I digress), which is about half a kilometer south of my apartment, It wasn't bad, I tried the Doener-Teller, It was allright, it wasn't the shaved doener meat, it was more like seasoned chunks of meat, but it was tasty. I have been feeling more confident about my german lately, that's good! I'm never gonna get rid of my accent, but oh well. Oh, and I've been reading Upton Sinclair's &quot;The Jungle&quot; and am totally blown away by it. There's still a girl I like who doesn't like me, but I'll survive... and segues are for chumps. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:36, 27 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == You Can Always Tell a Good Weblog... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:42, 26 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> By the degree to which it becomes an exercise in Stream-of-Conciousness writing and disregards all rules of grammar.<br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:42, 26 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Today I Had an Adventure. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:40, 26 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I Figured I'd try &quot;Grillimbiss Nadorst&quot; today, since I always walk by it. I ordered Zigeuner Schnitzel, French Fries, and Cola. Hole-in-the-wall places usually do simple stuff right. It worked well, I didn't know what Zigeuner Schnitzel was when I ordered it, but I enjoyed the fried veal in tomato sauce. I also did some people watching in Julius Mozen Platz. Also there's nothing better then when a really awesome song comes on the radio, or someone drives by you playing a really awesome song, and you can just rock out to it for a little bit. That happened a bit back when I was crossing Schützenweg on the way from the uni to the city center, someone was playing &quot;Killing in the Name&quot; from Rage Against The Machine. I threw the heavy-metal horns to them to let them know &quot;I Approve&quot;. I Certainly hope that the specific hand-gesture I used doesn't mean anything bad, but oh well. Also I'm thinking of doing a big barbecue type deal, Except I know I need at least 10 people to show up to make it worthwhile, and all the kids here are chumps. I have been downloading a lot of blues music to play should I host such an event (Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, BB King, all the classics) anyhoo, things shall develop in time. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:40, 26 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == You Know What Band I Like? The Mr. T Experience. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:55, 25 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I found myself to a degree freaking out about a variety of things (mostly loneliness) of late, coupled with at times an intense desire to just hop on the next flight back home, But the truth is I'm much more afraid of not following through on everything here than I am of spending my nights alone. I'm sure I could think of something more meaningful or in-depth to write here, but that's the just of the way I'm feeling. I spent a few hours today sitting in my windowsil (I'm sure I spelled that wrong) listening to WAMU's (American University's National Public Radio station) Bluegrass H.D. radio station online and watching the rain. I would take a cloudy rainy day like this over all the sunny days in the world, because there's nothing more rejuvinating than a gentle rain. Also, umm, some sort of joke to end on... Oh! The names of the characters in &quot;The Life of David Gale&quot; are all rediculous (except for the title character); If I had a name like &quot;Bitsy Bloom&quot;, or &quot;Braxton Belyue&quot; I would be very very angry at my parents. (I recognize the fact that my name is likewise a B-B alliteration, but come on people, It's like they never went through and tried to think up realistic sounding names). Also people shouldn't have names of places, in fiction or in real life. The title of this entry had nothing to do with it's content. The end. Oh, and I've been watching old silent movies on the internets. Hooray! [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:55, 25 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I'm starting to find myself appreciating Mark Twain a lot more. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> &quot;Whenever the literary German dives into a sentence, that is the last you are going to see of him till he emerges on the other side of his Atlantic with his verb in his mouth&quot; [[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mark_Twain]] - That explains perfectly how I feel adapting to the new word order I have to deal with here. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Something Someone Should Do a Study On: --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:17, 20 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Apparantly, bullets are becoming more expensive state-side, because of the rate developing nations are purchasing the requisite pieces of metal ([[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24725781/]]) and how many bullets the U.S. military is purchasing to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan. I wonder if homicide rates decrease as the cost of ammunition goes up? Also; it makes for an interesting point that we've been using all these resources to kill each other for so long instead of using the copper for electric-transmission lines in the developing world, and other such endeavors. Ahh well, what're you gonna do? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Upon Further Evaluation, --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:17, 20 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I just plain don't like kids. <br /> <br /> == Kids Today --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:00, 19 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Some of the kids here seems like, crazy out of control. From the kids that their parents aren't paying attention to in the stores, to young teenagers on the bus, What is up with that? It's like they never had to face the fact that someone might kick their ass for what they're saying. Eh, just different cultures, I guess. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:00, 19 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I wonder if it was a dream --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:31, 17 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I need to do research for my &quot;Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom&quot; paper and presentation. Instead I slacked off all day and played Sonic The Hedgehog 3 on my Laptop. It seems more real than anything else I've got going on right now. I don't know what that means, but Old-School video games help me vent frustration from time to time. It rained all day, which is a convenient excuse to stay in, but chances are even if the sun had been shining the whole day I would've stayed in and sulked. I've been having a somewhat recurring theme in my dreams of late - &gt; I'm back at home, but not having completed everything here, and hating myself for it and wanting to get back here as soon as possible. I have no idea what my mind is working through with that, oh well. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:31, 17 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Maybe it's not for anything --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:27, 15 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I've been exercising and eating right a bit here and there, to counter balance the sort of depression I've been having over a lack of romantic involvement. Except yesterday I had a Double Cheeseburger and French Fries, and today I had Chicken Nuggets and French Fries. I was going to have a salad with tomato, olives, banana peppers, onions, iceberg lettuce, and thyme-rosemary infused vinaigrette today, but my damn lock broke and I had to go get something to eat out. I probably could've ordered something more healthy, but I needed some sort of comfort-food deal anyway, so why not go for it? At least I've been walking between 5 and 10 Kilometers per day. I am feeling better; enough to force myself to be open with someone I want but can't have. If I keep this up, I'll get some crazy idea that I can get her to change her mind or something. How is this relevant to my experiences studying abroad? I have no clue. Okay that's all I've got. I'll think of something relevant to put here some day though, I swear. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:27, 15 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Foiled Again! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:07, 15 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I broke my key trying to work the lock on the front of my apartment here. Now I've got to wait for a new one. <br /> dangit. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:07, 15 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == My Education --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:48, 14 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> You know what I did? I looked up &quot;Bill Bryson&quot; on Wikpedia. Turns out, he comes from the same state as Captain Kirk.<br /> Neat.<br /> <br /> Oh, I am woefully ignorant of so many things in this world.<br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:48, 14 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Architecture Minute --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:38, 14 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> This is in no way pertnent to anything, but I like the bridge on Amalienstrasse over the Hunte, it looks like something you might see in Annapolis, with all the brick and woodwork. I'm at the point though where I have to wait to hear someone talking in German to remember I'm not at home. I guess that's good. It certainly plays into my &quot;Meh, everything's mostly the same&quot; viewpoint on the world. I could explain that further, but I'm not going to. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:38, 14 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == This is What I do with My Life --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:30, 11 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> I spent some time reading the Wikipedia entry on German Grammar, and I'm still completely lost in my german class. (well, not completely, but I seriously am starting to feel at an impasse. I need to meet some German people to hang out with so I can start picking this up better.) I walked around town today, but nothing came of it. I hadn't read anything in a while, so over the past few days I've taken a little time to finally finish &quot;Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass&quot;. There are a few quotes I thought about putting up in my facebook profile, because I got depressed and deleted all my good quotes a few days back. It shows what I've been doing with my time that a change to my Facebook Profile is a serious consideration... anyway, I'm looking forward to having a chance to yell &quot;YES THEY DESERVED TO DIE; AND I HOPE THEY BURN IN HELL!&quot; next friday in class. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:30, 11 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Entertainment! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:15, 8 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I don't like Discos. <br /> I tried to use google to find a punk-rock club here in the town, but the only links I got were to some band's myspace page, and something about some band having some show here in like, 1982. I need to see some sort of concert or something, I just prefer the vibe in a place where there's a good band playing, and most importantly some sort of pit. Somewhere where I could get some aggression out would be amazing, instead of this pop-techno-dance crap the kids in the ISO are all in to. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:15, 8 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == More Subtle Observations --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:13, 7 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I really do wish I had a bicycle, some of the places where they've torn up the road they've made these super awesome looking little hills, it'd be all BMX like to take them. whoa. <br /> <br /> I've also been thinking about getting a tattoo, an Idea i've been toying with for a while, but never followed through on. It seems like the standard &quot;kid x-thousand miles away from home ain't gonna follow no rules by nobody!&quot; umm... well, crap, but I don't know what I would get or if my delicate skin could handle the trauma. I was thinking I would get the &quot;Starbird&quot; (The symbol of the Rebel Alliance in Star Wars) on my left arm. Mainly because I've already pretty much accepted that I'll never know a woman's touch again, so I might as well go whole-hog in playing up the power-nerd angle. <br /> <br /> In the interim;<br /> I wrote &quot;Don't Back Down&quot; on my hand to remind me to ... not back down. <br /> <br /> You know, I had something really good in my head to write for this earlier, but it has all gone away. It's because I've had something on my mind lately. And that's where it's going to stay, On my mind, unless I learn to not back down. Oh, unrequited love sucks from a mile away and from 4,000 miles away. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:13, 7 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Thoughts of the Most Deep --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:03, 7 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Dear German-Graffiti-Artists: There is a &quot;c&quot; in &quot;fuck&quot;. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:03, 7 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == A Smarter Man Would Have a Wittier Title --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:27, 6 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Should've bough a Bicycle. &quot;oh no, the bus pass will be enough,&quot; says I &quot;besides it's not that big a town, you can walk to the university&quot;. I am a chump, and have now probably wasted any money I could've gotten a bike with on Taxi Faire. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:27, 6 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == How I Wasted my Day --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:07, 5 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, Comedy Central here is just... bad. Like seriously awful. It's like what it was in The States before The Daily Show and South Park. <br /> <br /> Knowing that, I decided to forgo the whole &quot;sitting on the couch all day and watch T.V.&quot; jazz I had planned. I instead spent about 4 hours exploring the town, taking routes I hadn't taken before to go places I have been before. I used the maps of the bus lines as a sort-of guide to the town, and everything worked out fairly well. One of the things I enjoy about this town over most towns in which I've lived in The States is that you're never more than a block or so away from some sort of Kiosk or restaraunt or something that might be worth visiting on a day where 90% of everything isn't closed. Anyway, I killed time today walking, reading, writing, or drawing; which worked moderately well at clearing my head. So there isn't much to tell, except that I love the way the windows work here, much better than the half-fixed windows back home. Good for lettin' the fresh air in the room. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:07, 5 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Meant to Mention This, --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:21, 4 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ruckus<br /> <br /> it provides an interesting perspective on the Death Penalty in the States, with something of a humorous take.<br /> There are times I really miss being able to watch this show regularly. <br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:21, 4 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Sometimes the poor state of the American Educaton System is really really obvious to me. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:19, 3 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, Look at the other entries here, The only time I've felt really smart here was while explaining the theories behind Faster-Than-Light travel in Star Wars. I don't think I've ever gotten into a debate on classical literature. On the other hand though, I have had some serious debates over which fast food joints have the best burritos. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:19, 3 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Exciting New Content! [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:14, 3 May 2008 (CEST) == <br /> <br /> Sometimes I get funny looks if I sing while I wait for the bus. I don't know if it's because people don't sing in public here, or if it's just because I'm a terrible singer. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:14, 3 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 13:35, 16 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Its been a while, hasn't it? Well, I forgot my adapter at school, thus I was not able to use my computer until Friday. Friday I did not write anything, because I was at school and went to a poker tournament afterward...I finished 4th and won 105Pounds...YEAH! Yesterday an old friend of mine came by, so this is actually the first opportunity to write something.<br /> Nothing much is - in fact - happening at the moment. I will have to work Monday and Tuesday and then I am on my Christmas vacation. I will leave Leeds on Wednesday in the evening and take a plane from Stansted at 7.40 in the morning. It'll most certainly be a quite tiring journey, but that's alright...I guess, since I really look forward to see my family again.<br /> The two days at school I will have to give some information on Christmas in Germany; reproducing stereotypes, re-enforcing them, overgeneralising, and so on...you get the picture. Today I will just relax on the couch and watch funny English TV.<br /> Well then,<br /> I guess I will be chattier tomorrow,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> :have fun - and thanks for the entertainment. &amp;pound; 105 - how nice of them to stay out of the Euro zone. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:54, 16 December 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 17:52, 11 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Unfortunately I am not able to write much today, because I am (fortunately)going to see a - most certainly - brilliant concert by Minus the Bear today.<br /> School was alright today. I had two of my favourite classes and the year 7 lunchclub, which is always a pleasure, since them (in Leeds you say them instead of the when you refer to people) kids are sooooo nice! The year 10 fasttrack group (i.e. they are doing their GCSE and their A-levels a year earlier), which we told that I am absolutely ignorant regarding the English language, are about to find out that I am quite alright with my English. I gonna tell them next week anyways and give them the reasons why we pretended I did not understand them. I thought that it would be good for them to overcome their shyness to talk to native speakers in the foreign language and, alas, towards a German they had to talk German, if the German claimed he did not understand a word.<br /> I realise that I made many (...) sentences today. Might be due to all the things going around my head at the moment. I will leave a longer entry tomorrow...hopefully,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 19:13, 10 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Christmas shopping...oh dear. Every year it is the same nonsense and every year I jeopardise my good intentions of not buying too much rubbish whose way of being produced is almost impossible to retrace. I will not be such a bore and go into detail how much we compromise the idea of Christmas by following our capitalistic yearnings. It I just quite interesting that there seems to be no difference between the way English and German Christmas shoppers go utterly berserk when it comes to buying the last piece of manufactured crap. The reason this similarity strikes me is not because I have perceived of the English as an entirely different culture, but I have seen them as rather reserved in their way of going about publicly visible things;i.e. if they are sober and not however involved in a sport event. Everybody you just merely touch on the street immediately apologises; any given occasion where you have to wait for anything: people form a proper cue (even if it is raining and there is no roof). For the most of you this might not be new. Neither is it to me, thus I was really surprised on the absolutely aggressive way the English handle their Christmas shopping, which is so similar to an Advent weekend in Oldenburg's pedestrian precinct.<br /> Before I went to buy presents for my dear ones, I was at school. Today I assisted in two year 11 (age 15-16), a year 10 (age 14-15) and a LOVELY year 8 (age 11-12) groups. All of these groups are - in their own ways - really nice and fun to teach. Asking the same questions over and over again, however, is not so much fun. I will not be able to lead a smalltalk conversation in Germany when I return, since I am sick and tired of questions on name, age, home, hobbies, and favourite music. Well, this is what the teachers want me to do; this is what I am being paid for; and this is what the kids are going to be tested at.<br /> <br /> I have to go now, since I am quite hungry and the Simpsons are about to begin,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 16:48, 9 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Nothing much has happened today, since I spent most of the day in the kitchen reading and correcting a dissertation (not a PhD Thesis) of a friend of mine. Initially I wanted to start writing things for my thesis in History, but the correction took quite a while. I also went to the Tesco nearby to get some things for the house (toiletpaper and milk etc.). Tesco is one of the biggest supermarket chains in England, and - as almost everywhere else - one is always asked for a clubcard. Quite annoying and I really don't feel like giving away my personal shopping habits, thus I do not own a club card. I am fully aware of the fact that customer anonymity is rather an illusion, but I do what I can to preserve my private sphere.<br /> I am still quite uncertain about how I will stucture my final thesis and in how far I can employ Foucault's and Bourdieu's theories, thus I decided to start of from a descriptive approach and see how far I can get from there.<br /> Tomorrow I will be working at school again. I work on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays, so I have some sort of a &quot;mid-week second weekend&quot; which is quite nice, so I can go to concerts or play poker tournaments in a nearby casino. My work basically includes preparing games or other small speaking activities for the pupils and walking around the classroom and helping with exercises. It is quite alright t work like this and the loan is fairly decent.<br /> I will head home at the 20th and stay at my mom's place. Christmas obligations and seeing my family are the main reasons for that. I do look forward to say &quot;moin&quot; again to people without being looked at as if I were some kind of major weirdo. Mostly all of the other assistants are from southern Germany, so they do not know how to communicate adequately :)<br /> As I have said before, nothing much has happened and my thoughts on my final thesis cannot be discussed here, thus I conclude with wishing all of you all the best,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> ==England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 16:49, 8 December 2007 (CET)==<br /> Well then, Blog... dunno really how to do this. I have recently found out about myself that I tend to find out about how to do a thing before I do it. Before I cook, I consult a cookbook or a recipe; before I write something academic, I read theories and theories about the topic; thus, I should actually have read something about how to blog, before I began writing this...but i decided I won't.<br /> So you will have to cope with my blog as it is and if I do not write in agreement to the rules for blogging, i.e. if there are any, well, bear with me.<br /> It is already more than two months ago that I left Oldenburg and went to Leeds. ''The'' major advantage for me, in comparison to other exchange students or foreign language assistants (FLA), was that I already knew somebody here. I had met Naomi three years ago on a surfing trip to Biarritz and we stayed in touch since. As soon as I heard about my provisional implacement in Leeds (where she studies contemporary dance) I texted her and she offered to live in her house, since there was a vacant room.<br /> <br /> Alright, Leeds it is!!! Leeds as a city is fairly difficult to describe. It has, as most English cities, these brick, terraced houses, which I am particularly fond of. Leeds will most certainly never become a touristy place like York or other cities where you can go sight-seeing. There are, apart from some exceptions like the Town hall, few pompous buildings that people can take pictures of. Leeds' architectural charm is rather subtle. If one looks up to the houses' gables, one can find a very nice Victorian touch. One can see little variations in most of their architectural style, the applications used, etc. Generally speaking, Leeds seems to quite suiting for my aesthetic preferences. Leeds is one of the cities in Yorkshire which grew rapidly during the Industrialisation. I really like things that show men's manipulation, thus a city with the 'fingerprint' of the industrial revolution meets my gusto.<br /> <br /> I will end with these impressions now,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;!--no editing beyond this line, put latest entry on top--&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/img/2007_london_detail.jpg<br /> <br /> <br /> |width=45% align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]]: @ home, Friday, 26th December 2008==<br /> Ten days without (official) work and I will spend four days at home (yes, really). But there is an ugly and annoying dwarf whispering in my brain: ''The lectures... the course... the move... the workshop... (btw: the ph.d thesis?)... the advanced training... tidy up your room, hm?'' I need a gun. ''([http://dict.leo.org/?lp=ende&amp;search=entlastungsschreiben Die Suche nach '''Entlastungsschreiben''' lieferte keine Treffer. Orthographisch ähnliche Wörter – Deutsch: '''Entlassungsschreiben''']) [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 20:58, 26 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]]: The other side I, Friday, 28th November 2008==<br /> Today a student from kazakhstan with an anxiety disorder wrote me an email that she wouldn't come to my course next time cause she left her husband and spend every night at a different place. I asked her to give me a call but she didn`t. Unfortunatly I don`t have her mobile phone number and it doesn't seem to make much sense calling her at home. Tuesday another student with an engrafted kidney that doesn't work anymore came in asking for some psychological support. I was quite irritated how calm he was and so far away from what we call a &quot;Notfall&quot;. I asked him several times if he wants to talk to someone immediately but he just filled in the registration. Maybe people with a chronic illness get used to it. I still have to learn a lot... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:20, 28 November 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Book or...book?, Friday,4th July,2008==<br /> <br /> Hmmm something is wrong...it is Friday night and I am totally bored sitting at home. I even think all my assignments and exams are easy; the following week...everyone else is losing himself/herself in stress and panics...I feel as if I am sitting on the sinking Titanic and watching the shiny stars of the night...cause I know I will not fail any course this semester.<br /> <br /> A bit lost in myself and dreams I try to handle the question if I should publish my novel or my poetry first...both will anyway be loads of work before it is ready to take the step into a bad world of existance. ''Dishonesty'' (the title of my novel) needs lots of grammar corrections and even the structure does not satisfy me...as this ''masterpiece'' is a work about my past I would like to finish it as quick as possible. <br /> And the collection of the poems would also need to be done but would be less work as it is not as much work of thinking as in the novel...though this easy-going is a bit underestimated. I finally broke the record of 200 poems...well, exactly 202 (not that I am counting but...well, I did). <br /> My style change in the last ten poems is slightly a new character trait of me, it seems, so I also would need to give a nice mix of styles in the book.<br /> <br /> So as I am done with writing the (not) daily nonsense I am going to watch a horror movie now.<br /> <br /> Cheerz<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Time, Wednesday,18th June,2008==<br /> <br /> Wow it is a miracle I even find the time to breath...burried under masses of paper...assignments, essays, poetry and short stories...in Englisch, Dutch, Arabic and German.<br /> I do not plan 24 hours in advance as something always gets in between.<br /> I just finished another task and may continue writing my latest short story now. I will put some parts of it on my blog site though it needs some drastic correction in times and grammar.<br /> The artistic thought anyway only counts.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: E..m..o..t..i..o..n..s, Tuesday,10th June,2008==<br /> <br /> Has been a while that I came across writing in here...honestly some things are a little too private to put it in here....and sometimes there only happen private things in life.<br /> After an emotional weekend in the Netherlands I am not sure where I stand right now...Besides yesterday I was so deeply tired...not surprising as I arrived at station at midnight and walked the whole way (some kilometers) from station to home...watching the beautiful moon at that time and the shouting of the football fans in the background.<br /> Not even the good mark in Literature gave me a kinda comforting feeling of home today.<br /> I started reading Bill Bryson's ''The mother tongue''...true fun...of English language...compared to some other languages just as German, French, Italian and Spanish...Russian now and then.<br /> I even bought ''A short History of Nearly Everything'' though I have read it some years ago...but in German.<br /> When I gonna find the time to read all those books fully is written in the stars...I still did not finish an interesting detective story of the time of Henry VIII.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Roses are...white, Thursday,29th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The heat of the south has finally reached the North.<br /> Just had a short walk through the city and honestly the beautiful masses of roses I liked very much. Through the heat the scent is deafening but sometimes we anyway need to use different senses.<br /> I passed the shop with the pianos and stood there for a while...listening to the quiet classic music. Honestly now and then I think only I can hear this music because it is so...well, unfortunately only a few people like classic music.<br /> As I sat there I just thought how much I miss playing an instrument...pity, I never learned playing the piano, still I can appreciate the soft music. My connection to music in general got strange shapes which I cannot identify...a sign of imbalance!?<br /> In the bus I heard some students talking about their lack of motivation...out of what reason ever. Motivation is only a matter of mind and mind can change always,quickly. <br /> The semester is not over yet and I kinda fear the end as it will be loads of work...studying...learn...thinking...keeping all that things in mind which you actually probably will never need again in life.<br /> Hmmm as contradicting as I am I thought I gonna wear only blue clothes today as the sky is grey.<br /> Wish full thinking...that may come true at weekend as in the East it will be better...more blue and more sun.<br /> <br /> Well, anyway enjoy the nice weather...and the scent of thirsty roses.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Anima Libera, Tuesday,27th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Last night my window was open and I heard the trees whispering...the leaves moving strongly with the wind.<br /> I felt this sound was familar but it took me a while to finally remember: the trees in Italy moved exactly the same way last summer.<br /> The huzzling was irritating as I was used to it from every side and not only from one.<br /> With that weather the time and place of ''Ti Sento'' and ''Anima Libera'' are far away; still obviously not distant enough. <br /> Unfortunately I wont go there this year...as far as planned...this year seems anyway a little weird as I dont travel to my favourite places in Europe...Italy and England...their beauty still remain in my heart...instead I go to USA and Netherlands. My parents also asked me if I wanted to join them for a one day trip to Prag...a moment passed till I could answer them cause I immediately thought of Rome. God knows how I link Prag to Rome in my head...<br /> I back off a little when it is about travelling to the east of Europe.<br /> Only in those few moments of preparing travels I realize how much free I actually am.<br /> <br /> And what am I doing with all this freedom?<br /> <br /> Will eat ice cream before I'm leaving for the lectures!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A smooth evening, Sunday,25th May,2008==<br /> <br /> There is rarely anything better than a rainy evening and Marlene Dietrich in the background...Earl Grey with milk and sugar. The end of the day could not be much better.<br /> Besides the happiness that I finished the assignment some hours ago...had some more calls with my parents...talked with them about pets.<br /> I miss my cats and Daisy (my dog). Lately our black cat catches many birds...he is actually a little old to discover his animal instinct.<br /> I even miss my brother...as I kinda feel like a second mother for him but I know I decided for all this...though I had the possibility to study in Leipzig I wanted to come here to live my life the way I wanted...an experience which will shape my existance.<br /> <br /> Enjoy the drizzle!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A long article, Saturday,24th May,2008==<br /> <br /> As I am finally a poetess again (and the engraving looks wonderful) I can finally continue writing.<br /> This week was so busy with other things: I talked to people who seemed a good part of my way on destiny.<br /> At Friday I went to the publisher house to ask for an internship and I was surprised what that guy there told me...lines like ''When you wanna do something, dont ask for it, Do it!'' were kind of enlightening to me.<br /> He showed me so many possibilities and ideas of projects that I felt reborn after his talk...besides I told him about my book and maybe I can let it print.<br /> Never ever before in my life someone gave me such a chance...to make my art live...to blow a sense of living into it so that it can exist...though it may not be perfect...this incident just respects the beauty of a simple thing being.<br /> Even essays and other university stuff is all good for printing and I hope in future some more students will take the chance to let their works print cause...being honest, it always looks cool when you can write on your CV that you wrote a book or ''published'' your work (even if it is ''only'' an essay).<br /> Though I was badly tired from the whole week (and this assignment,not worth mentioning) I got up early this morning and went to a football game of some international students. To me (as to many other women too) the game was a side way thingy...I was more interested in the kind of English they were speaking...infact they were talking in three languages: English, German and French.<br /> Can't say which language I hate most...English I deeply love...German is my mother tongue and well, French...is another matter.<br /> The African English is only a real matter of getting used to it...how they stretch words and that they say a straight ''t'' instead of ''th''...can be funny with the word ''teeth''.<br /> As I was bored during the game and there were now and then ''silent'' periods I called my mother.<br /> Sure after the holidays she was into total stress but surprisingly she told me about some jobs (jobs that usually are offered in a teachers forum). Jobs about some diplomatic work in New York or Asia...such jobs were for graduated studuents with two languages (like me...).<br /> I think the fact that she saw such possibilities for me after the studies gave her a little hope I will survive in this world...later can do something with my studies.<br /> Well, the article is long enough now and I need to still look for some dark skinned models for my writing project...so...<br /> <br /> Cheerz!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Hmmmm the beginning, Wednesday,21st May,2008==<br /> <br /> Now and then I realize I am still a stranger to myself...surprise myself and hate myself.<br /> As I gave my favourite pen away for an engraving I live without writing poetry for a week...such a harsh restriction of life!<br /> Friday is anyway coming closer and as I just saw my assignment for this week I suppose my head will be busy anyway with something else.<br /> Lately my hands force me to write; simply only at the times when I read Shakespeare.<br /> Trying to copy his style can be very much fun...especially cause of the language...as it is so different from the modern English there are more ways to bring language out of order.<br /> As I was badly sentimental yesterday (and I had nothing to do - no internet connection) I remembered why I actually started writing English poetry.<br /> I memorized: it actually started with some simple words...simple enough for a girl of 17.<br /> Once I tried writing a German poem; was condemned to fail badly and I did not keep it....all the other sheets of paper of English poems I kept in a big folder.<br /> <br /> Why I never developped a strong love to German language? <br /> <br /> ...as it is my mother tongue that would have been close.<br /> <br /> Also the deep reason why I truly started writing is not clear to me yet...before, I began writing a German story...some twenty pages with mainly dialogue....not worth mentioning infact.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Modern society, Tuesday,20th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Tuesday morning starts lazy...at least not as yesterday...when I had the feeling that something bad is going to happen.<br /> After my first lecture I went to city to get some pencils...I smiled at the salesmen when they stared at me...while asking: ''What for you need a pencil to write on skin?''<br /> They all did not understand it at all...neither the artistic aspect of my plans...so, unfortunately there was no pencil for my needs.<br /> Gonna keep looking for special pencils...desperately, as my only true lovely pencil I will get back at Friday.<br /> While I was waiting for the bus, I used my time very well: watching the people around.<br /> It did not even shock me somehow when suddenly two girls started running around...stopped in front of me and took out a bottle of perfume to make their surrounding smell a bit better.<br /> Hardly I could avoid coughing.<br /> Maybe I should add: the girls were maximum 10!<br /> They did not even look like little girls: short skirts, lipstick...I swear they were wearing more make-up than I did in my whole lifetime.<br /> I thought to myself: that is so different from my hometown...so it cannot be part of German culture (and I know what true culture is: my mother is head teacher of a school in East Germany)<br /> In the end we need to accept people as they are...cause we cant change them anyway.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Grey in grey, Friday,16th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The only thing that's shining this morning is the honey on my toast.<br /> Sugar wakes me up...although my mother somehow got it wrong yesterday.She sent me a package full of chocolate. I still thanked her on phone and wished her a nice journey to Egypt...when I look at the sky today I wish I would be there,too.<br /> Not only for sun...but also for learning Arabic in its natural surroundings.<br /> I always wished I could be anywhere else...just not in Germany.<br /> Well,anyway...Did you ever have the feeling that someone who is looking at you can look right through you...directly into your heart...sees everything of you...good and evil....past and future...pleasure and pain!?<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: ''Poetry on the Road'', Thursday,15th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Honestly I was really much irritated when a friend of mine told me today that in Bremen is some kind of exposition.<br /> Why I did not hear about it?<br /> Well, I took her note to me as a sign and plan to go to Bremen tomorrow...to ''Poetry on the road''. <br /> It seems very much cool even though there's the risk they may only read German poetry....the differences between an Arabic poet and a Dutch poet is surely interesting to hear and read.<br /> That nice evening might be also a good change of my evening program.<br /> Poetry is always worth reading; doesnt matter what language!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A short moment in life, Wednesday,14th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The evening sun softly touches my cheeks and I feel her warmth so close to my heart.<br /> A tremendous silence covers my ears....no German sound...no sound of any foreign language.<br /> Just my inner voice and the peace of myself.<br /> The bus stops...a traffic light makes me open my eyes. Dream is over.<br /> I look through the small space of the bus. Some women stare at me as if I come from another planet. My face may have looked like an excotic animal.<br /> Did they not feel what I felt?<br /> Time to get out of here.<br /> I am walking again to continue my journey.<br /> Where it will lead me to is not certain but who cares about destination when the way is so beautiful.<br /> A short moment of my attention to you, my Self.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: The right side, Monday,12th May,2008==<br /> <br /> I just had the first ice cream of this year and it feels fantastic.<br /> My new poetry homepage is also online already...though the layout is awful.<br /> I will try to put the old and latest poetry of mine on there but it may take a while.<br /> Besides lately I struggle again with all the languages...the Dutch studies are easy and the English seems to finally be on a higher level...but the Arabic is just getting out of my control...just little.<br /> Although Arabic is the easiest language I learned so far it has a logic which you need to feel into and not only learn.<br /> Last week has been really one of my most inspirational weeks of my ''carreer''.<br /> I wrote 7 poems in one week...even good poetry wow...there were lots of troubles in me; still I handled them pretty well.<br /> Maybe I become an adult...slowly, unintentionally; even though I will keep fighting to stay on the right side....whatever the right side is!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: What is artful poetry?, Friday,9th May,2008==<br /> <br /> With a tough week behind and in front of me I am right between two different virtues of the day.<br /> At first I wanna mention that I am definitely not satisfied with the reult of my poetry assignment!<br /> My way of writing may not have been the best; so was expressing my ideas...but still it was an attempt to understand Percy's poetry.<br /> Well,anyway I am looking ahead with a new idea of a deeply artful video in my head and some recorded poetry (from which I do not know yet how to put that sound online)<br /> With that bothering thoughts I will go sleep now.<br /> Cheerz Angelz!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Spring and every year the same, Sunday,4th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Sometimes we just cannot say what we wanted to say for so long.<br /> Sometimes we cannot sing and dance because we lack courage.<br /> And then, sometimes we cannot breath standing so close next to a tree who should actually offer oxygen.<br /> <br /> Now we know it's spring.<br /> Last week I had a talk with a British poet and it was amazing to see how he can express his feelings, certainly love, in different poems. We compared one poem he wrote in winter time with a poem he wrote just a week back...the difference was obvious...<br /> And this case of love and spring and...it just makes me think.<br /> I could not get the story out of my head that he fell in love with a violinist half his age.<br /> When other people and bus stations and train stations passed by I thought: Why it never works when artists fall in love with each other? (Besides that nobody actually knows what ''Love'' is...must be a big word when we use it so often)...<br /> <br /> Why nobody usually falls in love with a poet?<br /> <br /> Why is this love only kept away and never real?<br /> <br /> Are artists so much different that they wont get into the love pattern?<br /> <br /> Cause of all those questions I hated spring so far...but instead of hate I gonna try to face the questions this year.<br /> That might be the worst moment of facing my problems...or the best...as my mind and my body too, is very much imbalanced lately.<br /> That is the reason why I feel ''high'' sometimes...I am the only person in this city who can actually feel high without any kind of drugs.<br /> It is only a matter of mind!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A new enlightment, Tuesday,22nd April,2008==<br /> <br /> After the closest soul to me told me straight forward that giving my opinion is useless. I was deeply offended...angry and depressed...my little (poetic) ego got hurt.<br /> But he was right!<br /> When I saw some people having a talk about politics of several countries in this world I felt simply bored...everyone gave his opinion and where did that lead us to?<br /> Answer: Back to the beginning...to no aim...not even to nowhere.<br /> So I was thinking and wondering what could impress (or keep the people from sleeping)?<br /> Frankly, a clear answer I couldnt find so far. <br /> Scandals are always popular...to me the real scandal of religion is obvious but certainly with explaining only the way I see it I cant hit the point. (Maybe a reason why I will never be able to study journalism)<br /> Though I knew my last articles (entries) were just nonsense I still wrote them. <br /> Perhaps as a bad example...for you to make it better...to rise to a better level of discussing a topic.<br /> I shall see it as a simple matter of practice.<br /> Words can be powerful to some extend...but only to those who really are on the same level as the writer. <br /> With some billions of people on earth and many different levels the chances of getting someone to read a totally unknown book (site) are small.<br /> <br /> Only words that get criticed are true valuable words.<br /> <br /> Well, anyway, I am still trying to get rid of a few questions which occured in my head already some weeks ago...mostly about William Blake.<br /> As I cleared the theme of religion so far...I went back to the basic of Blake's ''Milton''...to Milton himself.<br /> <br /> What was so fascinating about Milton?<br /> <br /> Surely with Blake no one can get away from religion...<br /> I just peeked into some books written by Milton...for example ''Paradise Lost''...a pretty nice story of paradise and how easy it is to lose good things...even his prose was well written I admit. <br /> Still at every corner I faced an innocent topic covered by a religious background.<br /> Unfortunately I did not have time to look into some books about Blake's and Milton's time to get a clear picture of both of them.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Blinded, Monday,14th April,2008==<br /> <br /> After I handled the time travelling as well as possible and planned my internship in India I came across an irritating fact...though ''Jerusalem'' is already a religious symbol itself...<br /> <br /> Why I did not see all the other religious terms in Blake's ''Milton''?<br /> <br /> I mean, it is really obvious...the words like ''god'' and ''satanic'' or ''heaven''.<br /> As far as I remember even no one in the lecture noticed the religious aspects before the lecturer said so.<br /> How is it possible that religion can be so deeply hidden towards the mind?<br /> To the people of the 19th century it must have been even more obvious as (I dare to say) they were more religious than we, students, today.<br /> I always wonder about the aspects of religion. Frankly I am totally against any kind of religion....philosophy and some kind of spiritual theories: yes, but religion (with a holy book, monuments and rituals) is, in my eyes, <br /> the deepest disillusionment humanity ever got into!<br /> At first I need to say that I accept and understand every religion in existence.<br /> Still religion is nothing scientific...Isn't it?<br /> My character traits always allow me to accept everything and especially those things which I cant see but it always shocked me last week when many of my friends told me they take lectures in ''Religion''...<br /> What is there to analyse about?<br /> I am always open for enlightenment but just as long as it follows a certain logic.<br /> <br /> Is believing in a supernatural power a logic?<br /> <br /> Is going to church (or praying in a temple), falling on your knees, stretching your arms up to the ceiling something you have to do to reach a higher state of understanding?<br /> <br /> Is living a strict and regulated life a path to enlightenment?<br /> <br /> I confess I am not wise enough to answer those questions but a priest couldn’t do either.<br /> <br /> Honestly, people who forsake the faith in science...became totally blinded by faith itself.<br /> Maybe academics are obsessed by Shakespeare...being obsessed by weird ideas of the creation of our earth and mankind without any slight scientific proof (like: In the beginning God (prepared, formed, fashioned, and) created the heavens and the earth.) is even worse.<br /> As a student's spoken judgement of religion rarely reaches someone in this world it may echo in words.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Time travelling in literature, Wednesday,9th April,2008==<br /> <br /> So long ago that I even cannot remember how many errors I've put into my last blogentries.<br /> ''Holidays'' passed very quick and I tried to not forget about literature and art...surely not forget poetry.Though I did not write lots of poetry lately (four or five maximum) I collected ideas very carefully...so I planned a collection of poetry called ''The Journey of the Phoenix''...Yeah, it could be a little too simple to name the collection like this but...poetry lives also through a certain degree of recognization.<br /> The lecture yesterday just inspired me little...it just put me back into a time that I can hardly understand...19th century is nice but my mind is still with another time...16./17. century...At weekend I went shopping and accidently a book with the title ''Shakespeare'' by Bill Bryson fell into my hands. I recommend this book even when you do not care about Shakespeare...Those who know B. Bryson also know what his funny writing style is like. <br /> He desecribes the England of Shakespeare's time and some details are very much interesting...especially the things about London...which might be important to us as we will read ''Antony and Cleopatra''.<br /> I felt step by step a picture of London built up in my head while reading Brysons book.<br /> Still the book reminds me that we actually know nothing about Shakespeare's life...everything just speculation...Bryson calls it ''academic obsession''...very true!<br /> The problem I've got now is...jumping from 16th century to 19th century without anything in between. Perhaps a problem I created by myself...and it will get worse...because soon we will go back in time...to Shakespeare. Maybe this is even one of the problems which needs to be solved to handle literature in future.<br /> Anyway,still I enjoy William Blake's poetry, his world he has surely built up with words.<br /> Desperately answering the four questions about the poem did not bring us further in interpretation...in understanding. That is why you better read <br /> Milton [http://www.bibliomania.com/0/2/81/195/frameset.html]completely and not only the preface of the book.<br /> ''Jerusalem'' is one brick of a big house and you cannot know its function before you did not see the whole picture.<br /> By the way, pictures...Milton is half poetry...half painted art so it is worth having a look at the painted part.<br /> Mixing two kinds of art is pretty interesting...you have to think in many different directions,still you move your thoughts in limits that are given by the artists ideas.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Aftermath, Thursday,25th January,2008==<br /> <br /> After recovering from the test life seem to go on normally.<br /> The test definitely did not show all my knowledge...the whole wide field of literature. <br /> How can I measure so many lectures against 60 minutes of a test!?<br /> When I prepared the test I stumbled across the broader meaning of this lecture and the historical development of...fiction, drama and poetry. In the end it is simply logic that we first got a broad view on literature itself and then were taking a closer look at the main genres of literature.And I think I also understood (after I ignored the half sentence in the last lecture we had) why poetry only got one lecture and drama two lectures: it simply has something to do with the historical development.<br /> Enough of the test!<br /> <br /> When I came back from my home town to Oldenburg ( a pleasant travel of seven hours) I had to think about this week. Frankly it is a week which will check how strong my love to English language is. <br /> This is not about failing or passing the literature test or the pronunciation test tomorrow; such flat reasons would never make me worry.<br /> It is more linked to my own limits. <br /> <br /> Does love ever have limits!?<br /> <br /> Well,I think this philosophical question is a little too heavy for me.<br /> I better turn to another problem which will hunt me possibly till summer time: the internship we need to do.<br /> It is almost impossible to get an internship...a good one, I mean...not making coffee or copying thousand of pages.<br /> Half a year before the internship starts is just too less time but to someone in the first semester it is simply impossible to get an internship one year before.<br /> And surely no one cares about my work of six weeks in Italy. Though we only need to do an internship for THREE weeks we would need to show them that we worked at least three MONTH. Some bureaucracy is not logical and this is definitely one of it!<br /> As someone who seeks an internship I don’t even expect a payment but at least a good experience which I wont have when I continue trying to find an internship in Germany.<br /> Even abroad the tendency of finding a good place is going into zero.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Poetry as an underestimated ability of our society, Wednesday,9th January,2008==<br /> <br /> Out of physical reasons I had problems to follow the lecture but still my curiosity made me attend it.<br /> I was badly disappointed...The lecture definitely lacked passion and love for poetry. <br /> I saw Mr. Kirchhofer trying badly to bring it close to the students...I even admit it is so hard to show a dozen students what poetry is...what it carries and what it feels to be a poet.<br /> I should have known before that it is almost impossible to get the topic clear. <br /> The first five minutes of the lecture I listened attentively...as in the first lecture of this semester I almost cried (out of another reason) but...the words were getting slower and slower and I was just bored. Surely Poetry demands some respect and even silence sometimes, nevertheless Jerusalem is not a silent poem and he didnt even show it to us...we only listened T.S. Eliot's tired voice. I do not have any further words for this drama which I watched yesterday.<br /> Poetry never ever bored me in my life!<br /> And I see it as some kind of offense that the single lecture of Poetry was wasted that sadly!<br /> Furthermore, ignoring ''Jerusalem'' was not a wise step of the lecturer...''Jerusalem'' is very much understandable (by language and style) and it was only mentioned. But the more complex and senseless (no sense which was obvious to the students sleeping behind me) ''Wasteland'' was simply a wrong step.<br /> Poetry is not necessarily a relic of ancient times. It is very present in our society. Maybe not everyone knows that there are sessions called 'Poetry Slams'. So called ''poets'' start rhyming spontaneously about a given topic.<br /> I need to confess that such slams are not my favourite way of showing poetry to the public but I guess it would ,at least, arise some students interest in the topic.<br /> <br /> Maybe in future our lecturers plan a poetry slam and we will see how much the new style of poetry will fascinate us.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Poetry as an underestimated ability of our society, Monday,7th January,2008==<br /> <br /> Monday evening ends with some controversial thoughts about the linguistic 'homework' and music by Patricia Kaas in the background (forcing my dislike for France into deeper roots).<br /> Anyway, my thoughts about the poetic session tomorrow froze during Christmas and it's slowly heating up again.<br /> I am still ashamed of myself that I seem to be the only one who took the more complicated text by Robert Markley to make an excerpt. Still I dont regret it...I love the 18th century and some things written by Markley were quite new to me: as an example Newton couldnt prove his theories by experiments.He just wrote down what he thought is right. (Our world order would be up side down when every scientist does that)<br /> Well, there is an even worse shame but this one is not mine. <br /> <br /> How is it possible that there is only one lecture about poetry!?<br /> <br /> I hope it's not a simple mistake. So I may think it has a concrete reason.<br /> When I link this reason to my basic question 'What is(was) poetry?' then I partly feel on the right way. I am pretty bad in math but as I see this case it should be calculated that way : poetry = drama/opera -&gt; and this leads to the solution that we only concentrate on drama (where we wasted two lectures).<br /> There is another fact which I want to complain about: the choice of poems!<br /> How are such choices made?<br /> 'Wasteland' was a good choice, no doubt, but (although I love the poem deeply) 'Jerusalem' is just taking too much time to be understood in its infinite roots. Actually we should read 'Milton' too and then need to understand Blake's philosophy.<br /> With hope for changes and fear that the lecturer will judge my existence as a poet I curiously look forward to the lecture tomorrow.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Art as violence...or artistic violence?, Friday, 21st December, 2007==<br /> <br /> This will be the last entry of the year 2007 and so far I am very satisfied with my studies and the literature.<br /> Still there are the traces of the last lecture lurking in my head.<br /> Besides that I was mostly not concentrated because I have read and analysed Wycherley's ''Country Wife'' already before...I was interested in the violence in Bond's ''Saved''. Well, I need to admit I didnt read that book but still...it seems the cruel death of a baby describes ''violence'' best.<br /> Isn't death...violence ...I may mention saddism and masochism as well...that what makes art so special!?<br /> Feeling pity and pleasure. Such lines might be dangerous in public but still ...as you see in many examples of literature...violence sells just as sexual pleasures do.<br /> Maybe it's not at all the act of violence itself which attracts us but the death.<br /> In my opinion it's very positive when we think and confront ourselves with the topic ''death''...and especially during art, so in an indirect way, we get the positive aspects of death and can imagine what will happen to us when we will die.<br /> Well, When I heard the words ''violence in art'' I immediately thought of Francis Bacon (No, not the philosopher and politician of the 17th century)...I mean the saddistic,masochistic painter Francis Bacon.<br /> I watched a movie about him a while back and there was a scene when he imagined that a family had a car crash and every member of the family was lying dead on the road...to Bacon this scene was simple art in its purest shape!<br /> I could never forget the adoration he has put in that saddistic and pathetic love to death.<br /> With those words about a special perspective of art I will wish you a pleasant Christmas time and a joyful new year 2008!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: William Blake, Tuesday, 14th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> In regard of my preparation for the next lectures I noticed something very interesting.<br /> Well, T.S. Eliot's poem is quite long indeed and divided into different parts with different contents.I have read ''The Waste Land'' or some people also call it ''The wasteland'' (I suppose because this is the original title)...a month ago when I was looking through the list of things we need to read.<br /> It is an interesting poem for sure but right now I would prefer to keep my impressions of William Blake in here.<br /> <br /> I just read ''Jerusalem'' some minutes ago.I like poems who are short and still would keep every student busy for many many years.<br /> ''Jerusalem'' is one of those poems and as Mr. Blake has been a painter too he also made some wonderful paintings of this topic.<br /> As I went through some of the books in library I found some other poems by him.One strange and still fascinating word caught my eyes.<br /> It was the word ''Albion''.<br /> I looked it up in a normal dictionary.I couldnt find any entry.<br /> Well, I looked it up in an older dictionary of the origins of words. There I found only an entry about the beginning of Albion but with a question mark. That confused me even more.<br /> Curiously I continued seeking the meaning of this fascinating word...On the internet I found the answer which could only partly satisfy me.<br /> <br /> As William Blake has been very deep into mythology he used it in his works.<br /> In fact Albion has different meanings. It's said that Albion is an old celtic word which describes the Islands of Great Britain.<br /> And in regard of Blake's writings it's a figure of Greek mythology. Albion is the Giant son of the Greek sea god Poseidon.<br /> Albion founded a country on the British Isles and ruled this country.He is divided into ''Four Zoas''(in fact good and bad virtues).<br /> <br /> Of course,Albion is not mentioned in the poem ''Jerusalem'' but this knowledge about the interest of Greek mythology by Blake might help us to get the meaning of ''Jerusalem''.<br /> <br /> I refrain from giving my opinion at this moment.There should be still some excitement and surprise left for the weekend and tuesday.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Shakespeare's heritage, Tuesday, 11th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> Actually I already tried to sleep but I couldnt...there was the thought of the today's lecture...<br /> Yes,that was a lecture which I liked and needed after three weeks.<br /> It felt as if Shakespere's ghost was watching us...quietly but not in peace.<br /> Sometimes I felt as if I saw some scenes of his life at the grey wall...at those moments my mind was drifting away from the words which were said...dirfting to the 16th and 17th century.<br /> <br /> When the lecturer showed pictures of the Globe theatre in London my heart filled with pride cause once I was standing there...on this stage; not as an actress but as a curious poetic student who felt Shakespeare's spirit there stronger than today.<br /> <br /> There is one question which really does not want to leave my mind: <br /> How can a poor man ,as Shakespeare has been, write such plays?<br /> Yes, thats the question!...<br /> <br /> As I see writing (or in this case dramas) as a part of the great field art...I can see Shakespeare as an artist and every artist puts his soul into his creation.<br /> Of course, there is no doubt that Shakespeare has put some heart in all these plays...but today it is definitely almost undoubtly impossible to prove who Shakespeare really was.<br /> <br /> Shamefully artists mostly become famous after their death...that leaves the question : Whats the difference between a dead famous author and a living famous author?<br /> Well, definitely the money to spend and the joy linked to it...BUT when an author gets rich during his live time...then something must be wrong. <br /> Art takes a lot of time to develop ...and with ''develop'' I dont mean the different editions or prints or kinds of performance...No!<br /> <br /> I mean, the sensitivity of our society.<br /> <br /> As we also heard today...Drama is mostly living through social phenomenas.<br /> With society, Drama changes...art changes.<br /> And this change made Shakespeare a wealthy man already during his life time!<br /> <br /> Those who carefully listened today know that Shakespeare lived in a time of change...but,oh, what a drastic change!?<br /> From joy and lovely plays to cruelity,violence and hate.<br /> <br /> As we know that clearvoyants dont exist...we can see Shakespeare as a very lucky,and even clever, man of this changing times.<br /> He knew how to handle the changes and how to bring them on the stage.<br /> <br /> Maybe that's the reason why we shall respect this gentleman and his works of such ancient time.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: On Poetry, Tuesday, 11th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> Last weekend I went through the complexity of Wycherley's ''The Country Wife''.It was not as simple as I thought...though it is definitely a funny play I had my problems with forcing all thoughts into an excerpt.<br /> I could talk about this Comedy for some hours...every little detail seems to be important but...still we are not allowed to write a whole essay about it.<br /> The last two lectures of Literature honestly...how to say it...bored me.<br /> The topic 'novel' is definitely not my favourite one and I am glad that we continue with Shakespeare today and with Wycherley next week.<br /> Desperately I try to write the excerpt and other things before Christmas days.I see I will never succeed. It just already took me too long to write the first excerpt. <br /> It's some kind of shame that we only can use one text of the two for the excerpt. I was really interested what Markley said in this ''Rise of Nothing'' and when the teacher puts one text already on the site then the fairness should allow that the second text is there too.<br /> Well,maybe it's only a matter of planning and a matter of time which I learned in here is more complicated than anywhere else.<br /> I cant even plan some kind of holidays for two weeks because I never know when I will write tests (so called Klausur) in the free time after the semester.<br /> So,one is chained to this place and the studies for three years.<br /> But some things cant wait for three years.<br /> I need time to publish my book...to correct the mistakes first and then find someone who publishes it.<br /> I need time to write poetry and besides all this I need time to write all the other things which the teachers want me to write.<br /> That reminds me that Literature cant be that boring...because I never had time to write a poem during that lecture.<br /> Though it definitely is an enrichment to my knowledge and my poetry.<br /> I will see what's said about Shakespeare today and will lean back to enjoy the words about this great gentleman.<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, Wednesday, 21st November, 2007==<br /> <br /> Somehow in the lecture yesterday there was a deep unrest in the room...It was pretty hard to concentrate on the lecturers words.<br /> I tried to be specially attentive because sometimes it happens that I turn my back to the topic 'Novel'. <br /> I am an author myself and it's also interesting to see the roots of Novels...at least there is the same mess of names as in Poetry.<br /> But frankly my thoughts are still with a totally different word...<br /> Already at last weekend, when I had a look at the topic 'The Rise of the Novel' the word 'Rise' made me think.<br /> Obviously some students expected to hear about the total beginning of the Novel...(Oh sometimes we wish it would be so simple in history...get an exact day and exact name of the author and exact name of the title...We would keep it all in mind...write it down in the written test and get our perfect mark for it.)Nevertheless we shall be glad that history is not that simple...so we can open a debate about everything.<br /> Well, back to the rise...I would like to copy the definition of the word I found in my dictionary: rise,rising,rose,risen :1 to get up from a lying,sitting,or kneeling position; 2 to move from a lower to a higher position or place.<br /> That may be enough as a definition of this word.So rising is not the beginning though ''a lying position' can also be some kind of beginning. So now I suppose the rise is meant to be the beginning of the debate about Novels. <br /> So what was before Robinson Crusoe? Novels, romances, dramas!? All together!?<br /> <br /> Maybe Robinson Crusoe deserves an own category of literature...It's not a typical romance neither a typical novel. Perhaps that was the special trick of DeFoe's writing...it looks as if it is a romance and shocks the readers with its signs of a novel(in my eyes that's what makes a book interesting: special elements of writing which differ from every other book of the past.)<br /> We try to force the book into a category...instead of having endless discussions about which category it belongs to ,we can keep it easy and give it an own category. <br /> It would demand some more work and confusion to invent some more categories of literature but it may help us in our discussion.<br /> <br /> Mr. Simons mentioned another point which attached my attention immediately...female authors! <br /> I honestly doubt that we shall put Robinson Crusoe into this area ...so called proto novels most prominently by female authors(third version). Female authors deserve a special seperated part of literature.<br /> Perhaps a good point to seperate the rise from novels written by men from the rise of novels written by women. The problem we just face here again when we start dividing and dividing...we can also continue cutting the writers into seperations (rich or poor; educated or uneducated (in the time we are talking about there rich and educated was definitely linked))<br /> <br /> Before I close this article I may find some more words about the end of the lecture (the questioning time)<br /> The audience laughed about Mr.Simons word ''higher educated readership''. What was there to laugh about?<br /> At university we are part of a higher educated readership and it's indeed a part of our lecture to differ between fictional and non-fictional writings.<br /> Of course,it takes a lot of reading till we really can see what's true and what's fiction but with every book (mostly modern novels-the topic of our following lectures) we get a little closer to this aim.<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 11:50, 21 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, Wednesday, 14th November, 2007==<br /> <br /> Here we go...at a cold cold Wednesday night...Recovering my impressions from the yesterday's lecture and from a line of a friend of mine: She said that Literature is the most confusing course of the whole English studies.<br /> Frankly, I can understand her but only because I know that literature is such a wide field and that's why it seems complex.<br /> I also admit that after the lecture of literature I was even more confused about my main question...<br /> <br /> What is Poetry?...<br /> <br /> And what's the difference to Poesy? <br /> <br /> Why do you use two different words? <br /> Poesy so soft and Poetry so strong...almost an illusion because Poetry is mostly fragile.<br /> I fear I need to find out first <br /> <br /> 'What WAS Poetry?'<br /> <br /> Was it Opera? No, not at all...<br /> <br /> There was more than Opera and more in the Poets heads than a play on a stage. (Sometimes poetry should be hidden in a small chamber and never get out...especially not on a stage...you can compare it to a prisoner whose head will be cut off in front of hundred people)<br /> <br /> I try to figure out what the Poets of that time thought. Were they happy with the stage? <br /> And another question rising in my head: What about Drama? <br /> So all Poets in that time got a connection to Drama (or at least to a play on a stage in a theatre)?<br /> <br /> I suppose I already asked far more questions than one can answer...some surely will be answered by the tutors in the lectures and some will be answered by myself.<br /> I dont know...when I think of Drama and a theatre then Shakespeare comes into my mind. Even the hundred years old books of Shakespeare's plays on my bookshelf may not give the answer to my dearly beloved questions. Simply because Shakespeare was not a poet...though...he wrote some poems I dare to say he was definitely not a poet as we know the word 'Poet' today...<br /> <br /> So was he called a Poet in his time!?<br /> <br /> So far the tutors in any English course were avoiding Shakespeare...his character...his time and his surroundings.<br /> I remember something my English teacher said last year: 'When I was studying I hated Shakespeare and I still hate him.'<br /> As an admirer of this great man I was shocked.<br /> <br /> How can an English teacher ever dare to say she/he doesnt like Shakespeare?<br /> <br /> Sure, I confess his plays and thoughts are not modern today BUT in his time his plays and thoughts were a revolution!<br /> <br /> Well, I guess in the end literature is worth a discussion about its own definition...but it's not worth having a debate about the beauty of literature because every piece of Literature is beautiful!<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 20:21, 14 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, 6th November, 2007==<br /> I am not sure what this blog is for but somehow I felt a strong urgent to write something in here...about the [[2007-08 BM1 Introduction to the Critical and Scholarly Discussion of Literature, Part 1|lecture of this afternoon]]. The word 'Literature' in the historic background...it deeply fascinated me that we all talked about the same thing hundred years ago...just had another word.<br /> <br /> Frankly there was one moment when I almost cried during the lecture...not because I was desperate or so sad or fed up with the content. No!<br /> <br /> I deeply sighed when the tutor asked the rhetorical question: Why do we give our attention to poetry?<br /> I am studying English in the first semester and I am a poetess myself.Started writing some years ago.I even dare to say I am a good poetess...modern but good...and my first day in Oldenburg I spent in the library ... stumbling across books which tried to give me an answer on: What is poetry?<br /> <br /> I found a book about Keats therories of this topic...that he used the word 'Sensitivity' to describe this rhythmic expression of feelings.<br /> <br /> For so many years I was writing verses...lines...deeply meant to be philosophical...and suddenly at my first day in Oldenburg I was confronted with the question of my entire being.<br /> <br /> I suppose it's obvious now that I really love poetry and it's not only verses or rhyme or any other well written nonsense to me.<br /> I appreciate English language in its deep sense and it strucked me deeply inside when I heard people laughing about this language...making fun of it. <br /> <br /> Doesnt this language deserve our respect?<br /> <br /> Pityful I thought about this question for a while and I came to the conclusion that all the people there had a reason why they took those English courses...in a modern way this reason can be defined as respect. I admit my respect towards language is quite different...<br /> <br /> Anyway, I return to my first lines and to the question why we give so much attention to poetry...I may answer it one day when I found a satisfying answer on 'What is Poetry?' or I will just get an answer from the tutors in further lectures...I hope that the tutors will come to the simple end that they say 'Poetry deserves our attention because it reflects the feelings of individuals towards a hidden topic in a special time of history...in a special period.'<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 20:02, 7 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> &lt;!--no editing beyond this line, put latest entry on top--&gt;<br /> |}</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:2008-09_BM2_Introduction_to_Anglophone_Cultural_Studies,_Part_1 Talk:2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1 2008-12-17T15:32:39Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* 1700-1799 */ ein g spendiert...</p> <hr /> <div>Ich hatte im 1. Semester die glorreiche Idee BM2 zu schieben. Als &quot;Ersti&quot; hatte ich das Gefühl nicht alles gut genug schaffen zu können, wenn ich mich auf soviel konzentriere. Nun kann ich leider viele Aufbaumodule nicht belegen, weil BM2 vorausgesetzt wird. Ist es möglich wenn ich jetzt mit dem BM2 anfange parallel so ein Blockseminar im Februar zu besuchen? Dann hätte ich ja wenigstens den 1. Teil vom BM2 schon mal. Ärgerlich. Da habe ich mich wohl im 1. Semester verkalkuliert.&lt;br&gt;<br /> :...schon per e-mail geregelt, machen wir, auch im Interesse des Blockseminars. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:25, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Dann wäre eine für alle sichtbare Antwort an dieser Stelle sinnvoll (gewesen), da ich mir denken kann, dass diese Frage mehrere Studenten haben (und hier gucken, ob es eine Antwort darauf gibt). Deshalb fake edit. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:26, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Wo steht eigentlich nochmal die Info welche chapter wir jedesmal vorbereiten sollen?<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Die Fragen am Ende der letzten Vorlesung haben es wieder einmal gezeigt; Keiner weiß, was man denn genau lernen muss für die Klausur.<br /> Und irgendwie habe ich pers. auch den Eindruck dass zwischen den Lektoren keine Übereinstimmung bezüglich dieser Frage herrscht. <br /> Das ganze wirkt dann auch auf die Tutoriengestaltung, und mittlerweile sind es nur noch ca. 10 Personen, die erscheinen(Freitags zumindest).[[User:Dimitri.simons|Dimitri.simons]] 17:41, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> :Hier eine kurze Vorinformation zum written test<br /> :* Dauer: 60 Minuten + etwas Reservezeit<br /> :* Teil 1: (30 Minuten) kurze Faktenfragen, möglicherweise multiple choice, die in die verschiedenen Bereiche gehen und Breite des gemeinwissens erfassen<br /> :* Teil 2: Zwei Fragen (Bearbeitungszeit je 15 Minuten) auszuwählen aus sechs Fragen (zu verschiedenen Gebieten der Vorlesung) - mit dem Ziel, Raum für eine knappe Darstellung von Zusammenhänge respektive Argumentationen zu geben<br /> <br /> :Vorbereitung: Wir werden in der Sitzung zum 17. Dezember zwei Listen ausgeben. Die erste besteht aus Daten und Ereignissen, die Euch etwas sagen müssen, die zweite, nennt Personen, über deren historische Bedeutung ihr ein knappes Bild haben solltet. Ihr könnt die Informationen aus den Powerpoint Folien beziehen oder aus Medien wie Wikipedia.<br /> :Die sechs eingehenderen Fragen, aus denen Ihr zwei auszuwählen habt, um 15 Minuten darüber zu schreiben nehmen Fragen auf, die in den Präsentationen gestellt wurden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:16, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==Timeline==<br /> <br /> ===Prehistoric Period===<br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture.<br /> <br /> ===0-1000===<br /> * 43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England (122/142 Hadrian’s and Antonine walls against northern Picts) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum, waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> * 597 Beginning of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> * 793 Lindisfarne raided by Vikings, next three centuries: Viking settlements in northern England<br /> <br /> ===1000-1500===<br /> * 1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman rule under William I<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * 1290 Jews expelled from England<br /> * 1380-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, ''Canterbury Tales''<br /> * 1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> * 1453-1487 War of the Roses: Dynastic Conflict<br /> * 1473 Caxtons press, printing established in Britain <br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, several colonies founded on East coast in competition with Spanish, French, and Dutch colonisation<br /> <br /> ===1500-1599===<br /> * 1538 Henry VIII Establishes Anglican Church/ 1560 Reformation in Scotland (Presbiterian, Calvinist Church in Scotland, Anglican in England)<br /> * 1553-1558 rule of Mary I (1516-1558), Catholicism re-established almost 300 dissenters burned at the stake<br /> * 1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland<br /> * 1558–1603 Elizabethan era, 1590-1611 Shakespeare's plays<br /> <br /> ===1600-1699===<br /> * 1600 East India Company founded, several similar shareholder companies follow with trade monopolies granted by crown. Colonialisation basically achieved by commercial enterprises protected by English/ British crown.<br /> * 1611 King James Bilbe Authorised Version<br /> * 1640-1660 Civil War and Commonwealth<br /> * 1641 Star Chamber abolished history of press wars ensues and goes on till today<br /> * 1649 Charles I beheaded (January 30) <br /> * 1651 Thomas Hobbes ''Leviathan'' published (plea for absolute monarchy and subordination of religion, perceived as an atheist's theory of state by all sides)<br /> * 1660-1689 Restoration of monarchy, libertine court, wars between England and Netherlands as strongest naval powers<br /> * 1666 London destroyed in Great Fire<br /> * 1688/89 Glorious Revolution William of Orange (Dutch) ascends throne, Bill of Rights, new press laws, new laws on religious toleration: 1690 John Locke, ''On Toleration'' (1690), ''Two Treatises of Government'' (1690), ''Essay Concerning Humane Understanding'' (1690)<br /> <br /> ===1700-1799===<br /> * 1707 Act of Union: England/ Wales/ Scotland become one Kingdom (a union existed de facto since James I and the Stuart ascension)<br /> * 1719 Daniel Defoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' (author stood on pilory in 1704 after publishing his ''Shortest Way with Dissenters'' (1703).<br /> * 1720 South Sea Bubble, Walpole strengthened ans political manager, status of prime minister evolves <br /> * 1754 Battle of Plassey (India), British East India Company exercises military power and assumes administrative functions in India<br /> * 1756-1763 The Seven Years' War: Ends France position as a major colonial power in the Americas<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> * 1774-1776 USA [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]<br /> * 1750s-1830s Industrial revolution with use of steam energy, second phase 1830-1900 with new energy supplies, growing infrastructure and Industrialization of USA.<br /> <br /> ===1800-1899===<br /> * 1810s-1830s riots against mechanisation<br /> * 1837-1901 Rule of Queen Victoria<br /> * 1848 Karl Marx' ''The Communist Manifesto'' published, Marx moves to England (1849) where he works til his death in 1883 <br /> * 1857 Indian Rebellion, 1858: British Crown assumes direct administration over India<br /> * 1859 Charles Darwin ''Origin of Species'' published. Evolution theory rises against short history of Earth (as created in 4404 BC by God). Impact on cultural theory: Human culture evolved slowly. Efforts taken to speed up developments.<br /> * 1861-1865 American Civil War<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people), Suez Canal opened. 1880s Begin of British Colonisation of Africa<br /> * 1882 The &quot;Chinese Exclusion Act&quot;<br /> * 1890s-1918 Enfranchisement of women in Great Britain, USA: 1918 <br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> <br /> ===1900 till Today===<br /> * 1929-1931 US-American economic crisis affects the whole world<br /> * 1939-1945 World War II, Allied Nations against Germany, Italy, Japan. Use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 1945<br /> * 1950s-1990s several US American Interventions in Latin America<br /> * 1950-1953 Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1964 USA: Civil Rights Act <br /> * 1965 Immigration and “Naturalization Act” <br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War with pre-history of confrontations involving Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> * 1979-1989 United States CIA program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1989 Salman Rushdie, ''Satanic Verses'' published. Ensuing confrontation between religious republic of Iran and secular west.<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 2001/9/11 terrorist attack on World Trade centre <br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> * Thomas Beckett<br /> * John of England 1166/1199-1216 (&quot;John Lackland&quot;)<br /> * John Wycliffe (1320s-1384)<br /> * Henry VIII<br /> * Elizabeth I<br /> * Oliver Cromwell<br /> * John Locke<br /> * Adam Smith<br /> * Karl Marx<br /> * Abraham Lincoln<br /> * Queen Victoria<br /> * Charles Darwin<br /> * Thomas Alva Edison<br /> * Cecil Rhodes<br /> * Martin Luther King<br /> * Mahatma Gandhi<br /> * Nelson Mandela</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:2008-09_BM2_Introduction_to_Anglophone_Cultural_Studies,_Part_1 Talk:2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1 2008-12-17T15:29:21Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* 1800-1899 */ ein h und ein l gestohlen, + Suez, + Klammer</p> <hr /> <div>Ich hatte im 1. Semester die glorreiche Idee BM2 zu schieben. Als &quot;Ersti&quot; hatte ich das Gefühl nicht alles gut genug schaffen zu können, wenn ich mich auf soviel konzentriere. Nun kann ich leider viele Aufbaumodule nicht belegen, weil BM2 vorausgesetzt wird. Ist es möglich wenn ich jetzt mit dem BM2 anfange parallel so ein Blockseminar im Februar zu besuchen? Dann hätte ich ja wenigstens den 1. Teil vom BM2 schon mal. Ärgerlich. Da habe ich mich wohl im 1. Semester verkalkuliert.&lt;br&gt;<br /> :...schon per e-mail geregelt, machen wir, auch im Interesse des Blockseminars. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:25, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Dann wäre eine für alle sichtbare Antwort an dieser Stelle sinnvoll (gewesen), da ich mir denken kann, dass diese Frage mehrere Studenten haben (und hier gucken, ob es eine Antwort darauf gibt). Deshalb fake edit. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:26, 27 August 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Wo steht eigentlich nochmal die Info welche chapter wir jedesmal vorbereiten sollen?<br /> <br /> ----<br /> Die Fragen am Ende der letzten Vorlesung haben es wieder einmal gezeigt; Keiner weiß, was man denn genau lernen muss für die Klausur.<br /> Und irgendwie habe ich pers. auch den Eindruck dass zwischen den Lektoren keine Übereinstimmung bezüglich dieser Frage herrscht. <br /> Das ganze wirkt dann auch auf die Tutoriengestaltung, und mittlerweile sind es nur noch ca. 10 Personen, die erscheinen(Freitags zumindest).[[User:Dimitri.simons|Dimitri.simons]] 17:41, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> :Hier eine kurze Vorinformation zum written test<br /> :* Dauer: 60 Minuten + etwas Reservezeit<br /> :* Teil 1: (30 Minuten) kurze Faktenfragen, möglicherweise multiple choice, die in die verschiedenen Bereiche gehen und Breite des gemeinwissens erfassen<br /> :* Teil 2: Zwei Fragen (Bearbeitungszeit je 15 Minuten) auszuwählen aus sechs Fragen (zu verschiedenen Gebieten der Vorlesung) - mit dem Ziel, Raum für eine knappe Darstellung von Zusammenhänge respektive Argumentationen zu geben<br /> <br /> :Vorbereitung: Wir werden in der Sitzung zum 17. Dezember zwei Listen ausgeben. Die erste besteht aus Daten und Ereignissen, die Euch etwas sagen müssen, die zweite, nennt Personen, über deren historische Bedeutung ihr ein knappes Bild haben solltet. Ihr könnt die Informationen aus den Powerpoint Folien beziehen oder aus Medien wie Wikipedia.<br /> :Die sechs eingehenderen Fragen, aus denen Ihr zwei auszuwählen habt, um 15 Minuten darüber zu schreiben nehmen Fragen auf, die in den Präsentationen gestellt wurden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:16, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==Timeline==<br /> <br /> ===Prehistoric Period===<br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture.<br /> <br /> ===0-1000===<br /> * 43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England (122/142 Hadrian’s and Antonine walls against northern Picts) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum, waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> * 597 Beginning of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> * 793 Lindisfarne raided by Vikings, next three centuries: Viking settlements in northern England<br /> <br /> ===1000-1500===<br /> * 1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman rule under William I<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * 1290 Jews expelled from England<br /> * 1380-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, ''Canterbury Tales''<br /> * 1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> * 1453-1487 War of the Roses: Dynastic Conflict<br /> * 1473 Caxtons press, printing established in Britain <br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, several colonies founded on East coast in competition with Spanish, French, and Dutch colonisation<br /> <br /> ===1500-1599===<br /> * 1538 Henry VIII Establishes Anglican Church/ 1560 Reformation in Scotland (Presbiterian, Calvinist Church in Scotland, Anglican in England)<br /> * 1553-1558 rule of Mary I (1516-1558), Catholicism re-established almost 300 dissenters burned at the stake<br /> * 1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland<br /> * 1558–1603 Elizabethan era, 1590-1611 Shakespeare's plays<br /> <br /> ===1600-1699===<br /> * 1600 East India Company founded, several similar shareholder companies follow with trade monopolies granted by crown. Colonialisation basically achieved by commercial enterprises protected by English/ British crown.<br /> * 1611 King James Bilbe Authorised Version<br /> * 1640-1660 Civil War and Commonwealth<br /> * 1641 Star Chamber abolished history of press wars ensues and goes on till today<br /> * 1649 Charles I beheaded (January 30) <br /> * 1651 Thomas Hobbes ''Leviathan'' published (plea for absolute monarchy and subordination of religion, perceived as an atheist's theory of state by all sides)<br /> * 1660-1689 Restoration of monarchy, libertine court, wars between England and Netherlands as strongest naval powers<br /> * 1666 London destroyed in Great Fire<br /> * 1688/89 Glorious Revolution William of Orange (Dutch) ascends throne, Bill of Rights, new press laws, new laws on religious toleration: 1690 John Locke, ''On Toleration'' (1690), ''Two Treatises of Government'' (1690), ''Essay Concerning Humane Understanding'' (1690)<br /> <br /> ===1700-1799===<br /> * 1707 Act of Union: England/ Wales/ Scotland become one Kingdom (a union existed de facto since James I and the Stuart ascension)<br /> * 1719 Daniel Defoe ''Robinson Crusoe'' (author stood on pilory in 1704 after publishin his ''Shortest Way with Dissenters'' (1703).<br /> * 1720 South Sea Bubble, Walpole strengthened ans political manager, status of prime minister evolves <br /> * 1754 Battle of Plassey (India), British East India Company exercises military power and assumes administrative functions in India<br /> * 1756-1763 The Seven Years' War: Ends France position as a major colonial power in the Americas<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> * 1774-1776 USA [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]<br /> * 1750s-1830s Industrial revolution with use of steam energy, second phase 1830-1900 with new energy supplies, growing infrastructure and Industrialization of USA.<br /> <br /> ===1800-1899===<br /> * 1810s-1830s riots against mechanisation<br /> * 1837-1901 Rule of Queen Victoria<br /> * 1848 Karl Marx' ''The Communist Manifesto'' published, Marx moves to England (1849) where he works til his death in 1883 <br /> * 1857 Indian Rebellion, 1858: British Crown assumes direct administration over India<br /> * 1859 Charles Darwin ''Origin of Species'' published. Evolution theory rises against short history of Earth (as created in 4404 BC by God). Impact on cultural theory: Human culture evolved slowly. Efforts taken to speed up developments.<br /> * 1861-1865 American Civil War<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people), Suez Canal opened. 1880s Begin of British Colonisation of Africa<br /> * 1882 The &quot;Chinese Exclusion Act&quot;<br /> * 1890s-1918 Enfranchisement of women in Great Britain, USA: 1918 <br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> <br /> ===1900 till Today===<br /> * 1929-1931 US-American economic crisis affects the whole world<br /> * 1939-1945 World War II, Allied Nations against Germany, Italy, Japan. Use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 1945<br /> * 1950s-1990s several US American Interventions in Latin America<br /> * 1950-1953 Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1964 USA: Civil Rights Act <br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War with pre-history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> * 1979-1989 United States CIA program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1989 Salman Rushdie, ''Satanic Verses'' published. Ensuing confrontation between religious republic of Iran and secular west.<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 2001/9/11 terrorist attack on World Trade centre <br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War<br /> <br /> ==People==<br /> <br /> * John Wycliffe (1320s-1384)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User:Benjamin_Tabart/Merkzettel User:Benjamin Tabart/Merkzettel 2008-12-16T18:57:06Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: </p> <hr /> <div>===Notiert===<br /> *Offline-Blogging: Zu Hause gibt es eine lange Tradition der Plakatwandbekritzlung, dokumentiert man auch zu selten. &quot;Klowandspruchanalysen&quot; gibt's ja schon. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/isabo_/3113083250/ Übrigens, &lt;nowiki&gt;[unleserlich]&lt;/nowiki&gt; es gibt ja in den letzten 80 Jahren das Gerücht, dass &lt;s&gt;Gott&lt;/s&gt;&lt;i&gt;Strange&lt;/i&gt; tot ist; STIMMT ABER GAR NICHT. Er hat ein Reikizentum in St. Pauli eröffnet, heilt mit den Händen &quot;und so&quot;. Ganz geil.]<br /> *Wann verschwand der Reim als Mnemotechnik aus Gebrauchsanweisungen? ([http://www.schwender.in-berlin.de/td/ausstellung/gedicht.jpg 1]|[http://www.schwender.in-berlin.de/td/ausstellung/GEDICHT.htm 2])</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User:Benjamin_Tabart/Merkzettel User:Benjamin Tabart/Merkzettel 2008-12-16T18:43:23Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: ?</p> <hr /> <div>===Notiert===<br /> *Offline-Blogging: Zu Hause gibt es eine lange Tradition der Plakatwandbekritzlung, dokumentiert man auch zu selten. &quot;Klowandspruchanalysen&quot; gibt's ja schon. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/isabo_/3113083250/ Übrigens, &lt;nowiki&gt;[unleserlich]&lt;/nowiki&gt; es gibt ja in den letzten 80 Jahren das Gerücht, dass &lt;s&gt;Gott&lt;/s&gt;&lt;i&gt;Strange&lt;/i&gt; tot ist; STIMMT ABER GAR NICHT. Er hat ein Reikizentum in St. Pauli eröffnet, heilt mit den Händen &quot;und so&quot;. Ganz geil.]<br /> *Wann verschwand der Reim als Mnemotechnik aus Gebracuhsanweisungen?</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User:Benjamin_Tabart/Merkzettel User:Benjamin Tabart/Merkzettel 2008-12-16T18:40:03Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: notiert</p> <hr /> <div>===Notiert===<br /> *Offline-Blogging: Zu Hause gibt es eine lange Tradition der Plakatwandbekritzlung, dokumentiert man auch zu selten. &quot;Klowandspruchanalysen&quot; gibt's ja schon. [http://www.flickr.com/photos/isabo_/3113083250/ Übrigens, &lt;nowiki&gt;[unleserlich]&lt;/nowiki&gt; es gibt ja in den letzten 80 Jahren das Gerücht, dass &lt;s&gt;Gott&lt;/s&gt;&lt;i&gt;Strange&lt;/i&gt; tot ist; STIMMT ABER GAR NICHT. Er hat ein Reikizentum in St. Pauli eröffnet, heilt mit den Händen &quot;und so&quot;. Ganz geil.]</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User:Olaf_Simons/Textrevision User:Olaf Simons/Textrevision 2008-12-16T10:32:25Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Forschung und Lehre */ stil</p> <hr /> <div>In der Gruppe „Hochschulautonomie“ arbeiten Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus der Professorengruppe und der Mittelbaugruppe statusgruppenübergreifend zusammen. Wir kommen aus allen Fakultäten unserer Universität und teilen ungeachtet (notwendiger) Partikularinteressen gemeinsame Grundüberzeugungen. So können wir verschiedene Sichtweisen, Interessen und Erfahrungen im kollegialen Diskurs integrieren und gemeinsame Ziele entwickeln und verfolgen.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Grundsätze==<br /> <br /> ===Forschung und Lehre===<br /> <br /> Der Name „Hochschulautonomie“ ist für uns Programm. Wir meinen, dass die Universität ein gesellschaftlicher Autonomieraum sein muss – wissenschaftlich und organisatorisch. <br /> <br /> Wissenschaftliche Autonomie bedeutet die Unabhängigkeit im Denken. Sie spiegelt eine konstruktiv-kritische Geisteshaltung, wie sie vom Namensgeber der Universität, Carl von Ossietzky, vorgelebt wurde. Wissenschaftliche Autonomie ist frei von ökonomischem Kalkül und Anpassung an ministerielle oder administrative Vorgaben. Visionen und Innovationen, die unsere Gesellschaft dringend braucht, setzen Freiräume für Kreativität und kritische Reflexion voraus. Die forschende Entwicklung grundlegender Inhalte ist und bleibt Existenzzweck der Universität. Sie basiert auf innovativer Grundlagenforschung in allen Wissenschaftsfeldern, den Geistes-, Sozial-, Kultur-, Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften, schließt aber den Transfer in Anwendungsgebiete nicht aus. Dafür brauchen alle Fächer eine adäquate personelle und finanzielle Ausstattung. Kreativität und Innovation machen an Disziplingrenzen nicht halt. Deshalb setzt sich die Hochschulautonomie explizit für eine sachgemäße Grundausstattung in allen Fachgebieten und für die Stärkung inter- und transdisziplinärer Forschung ein. <br /> <br /> Exzellente Forschung und Lehre schließen sich nicht aus, sondern hängen unmittelbar zusammen. Die Hochschulautonomie setzt sich deshalb dafür ein, dass sich Forschungs- und Lehrexzellenz in allen Fächern und Studiengängen gleichermaßen entwickeln können. Dass die Carl von Ossietzki-Universität mit anderen Universitäten des Bundesgebietes als Forschungsstandort konkurriert, ist für die Lehrerausbildung so wichtig wie für die Förderung wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses. Eine Universität, die Anschluß an die aktuelle Forschung herstellt, eröffnet Studierenden den Blick auf gegenwärtige Fachdebatten. Sinnvolle und temporäre Schwerpunktbildungen helfen zur Entwicklung von exzellenter inter- und transdisziplinärer Forschung und Lehre. Wir begrüßen die Entwicklung solcher Schwerpunkte, solange sie nicht bestehende Forschungsgebiete marginalisieren respektive zu einer Verschlechterung der Breite der bei uns angebotenen Ausbildung führen. Exzellenz-Kriterien wie die der DFG sind wichtig. Wir setzen uns dafür ein, dass die Universität ihre Maßstäbe für Exzellenz darüber hinaus weiterentwickelt, so wie sie in den letzten Jahren erfolgreich vorangetrieben worden sind, ihrer Identität im nordwestdeutschen Raum entsprechen und zu ihrer weiteren Profilierung beitragen: <br /> * Kritisches Denken,<br /> * Inter- und Transdisziplinarität in Forschung und Lehre,<br /> * Nachhaltigkeit in Forschung, Lehre und Infrastruktur,<br /> * eine sowohl regionale wie internationale Vernetzung und Verankerung der Universität<br /> <br /> Autonomie muss auch für die Lehre gelten. Das schließt eine Uniformierung der Lehrangebote aus. Studierende müssen die Möglichkeit behalten, ihr eigenes Profil interessengeleitet zu entwickeln. Dazu benötigen sie Wahlmöglichkeiten im Bachelor- und insbesondere im Masterstudium. Auch Pflichtmodule müssen Raum für die Aufnahme neuer Entwicklungen lassen. Damit wird forschungsnahe Lehre und Teilhabe an der aktuellen Forschung geboten, die für Studierende und Lehrende gleichermaßen attraktiv ist: . <br /> <br /> Wir setzen uns für die weitere Stärkung und den Ausbau einer forschungsstarken und lehrintensiven Universität Oldenburg ein.<br /> <br /> ===Transparenz und Entscheidungsfindung in Organisation und Gremien ===<br /> <br /> Wissenschaftliche Autonomie hat organisatorische Voraussetzungen: Eine demokratische Struktur der Universität, langfristig garantierte Zukunftsperspektive und Planungssicherheit für alle Fächergruppen an der Universität, Transparenz der Entscheidungsprozesse auf allen Ebenen. <br /> <br /> Demokratisch gewählte Gremien müssen bei zentralen Richtungsentscheidungen der Universitätsleitung inhaltlich eingebunden werden. Das bedeutet Transparenz aller Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse. Transparenz schließt Beratungsgremien nicht aus. Beratende Gruppen außerhalb der Gremienstruktur dürfen aber inhaltliche Entscheidungen nicht selbst treffen, sondern sollen sie nur vorbereiten und alternative Szenarien vorschlagen. Erst recht dürfen Management- und Strukturentscheidungen nicht an externe Berater abgegeben werden. Entscheidungen über die inhaltliche und organisatorische Ausrichtung müssen innerhalb der Hochschule getroffen und verantwortet werden. In vielen Fällen ist dafür das Präsidium zuständig. Dieses sollte die Arbeit der Gremien nicht als Störfaktor betrachten, sondern die Beratung durch die Gremien ernst nehmen und als Chance der Rückbindung in die Universität begreifen. In Grundsatzfragen haben die Gremien ohnehin ein Beratungsrecht. Darüber hinaus kann das Präsidium sich in weiteren Angelegenheiten freiwillig beraten lassen. Die Organisation der universitären Arbeit erschöpft sich nicht in der Gremienarbeit. Die Erwartungen, mit denen die Universitäten von ihren Studierenden, der Politik, aber auch der Gesellschaft insgesamt konfrontiert werden, wachsen immens. Das erfordert eine stärkere Professionalisierung aller Tätigkeiten in der Hochschule. Eine Optimierung von Prüfungsmanagement, Lehrmanagement und Forschungsmanagement erfordert hoch qualifizierte Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in Technik und Verwaltung, damit Hochschullehrende sich den Aufgaben von Forschung und Lehre stärker zuwenden können als dies bisher der Fall ist. Professionalisierung und Ineinandergreifen von Tätigkeiten verschiedener Bereiche wird am ehesten in flachen Hierarchien gelingen. In übersichtlichen Einheiten werden die Beiträge der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in Technik und Verwaltung ebenso wie die der Forschenden und Lehrenden am besten sichtbar, so dass gegenseitige Wertschätzung sich besser entwickeln kann. Hochformalisierte Hierarchiestrukturen behindern dies eher. <br /> <br /> <br /> ===Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter: Die Zukunft der Universitäten ===<br /> <br /> Die Förderung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben von Universitäten und unterscheidet sie von Fachhochschulen. Umso wichtiger wird es sein, sehr schnell ein stimmiges Konzept zu entwickeln, das Promotionsstudiengänge, Graduiertenkollegs und Einzelpromotionen umfasst. Dafür müssen geeignete Stipendien, noch besser Stellen für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs vorgesehen werden. Dieses Konzept muss jedoch auch sicherstellen, dass Postdoc-Stellen und Habilitationsstellen vorgehalten werden, um dem Auftrag der Universität, umfassend Nachwuchsförderung zu betreiben, zu entsprechen. <br /> <br /> An unserer Universität gibt es rund 40 Prozent weniger Mittelbaustellen als im Bundesdurchschnitt. Das bedeutet, dass Oldenburger Absolventinnen und Absolventen schlechtere Qualifizierungsmöglichkeiten haben, dass die Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter hohe Lehrbelastungen schultern müssen, und dass die Forschungsmöglichkeiten eingeschränkt bleiben. Hier muss dringend gegengesteuert werden. <br /> <br /> Die Kolleginnen und Kollegen im Mittelbau brauchen eine Lebensperspektive, attraktive Arbeitsbedingungen und eine ihrer Qualifikation und Tätigkeit angemessene Bezahlung. Das bedeutet konkret: Mittelbaustellen sollten grundsätzlich volle Stellen sein. Halbe Stellen sind nur befristet als Qualifikationsstellen (bis zur Promotion) akzeptabel. Die Möglichkeit zur Forschung und zur Weiterqualifizierung muss gegeben sein; es darf keine Überlastung durch Lehre und Verwaltung geben. <br /> <br /> Die Stellen für Lehrkräfte für besondere Aufgaben (LfbA) sehen wir ausgesprochen kritisch, da hiermit eine Reihe von Problemen verbunden ist. Die Erhöhung des Lehrdeputats bis auf 19 Stunden entsprechend dem aktuellen Entwurf der Verordnung über das Lehrdeputat bei gleich bleibender Bezahlung bedeutet letztlich eine schlechtere Bezahlung. Das ist besonders gravierend bei Teilzeitstellen, bei denen die Erwartung zu unbezahlter Mehrarbeit ohnehin groß ist. Als Übergangsstellen zwischen Studium und Beruf mögen LfbA-Stellen und deren Befristung in Einzelfällen sinnvoll sein. Als Regelfall sind befristete LfbA-Stellen jedoch eine Sackgasse für die Betroffenen, da sie keine Weiterqualifizierung in der Forschung und keine berufliche Perspektive zulassen. Damit drohen die Gefahr eines Qualitätsverlusts der Lehre durch Überlastung und der Verlust des Forschungsbezugs der Lehre. Dies entspricht nicht dem Leitbild der Universität, eine interdisziplinäre Forschungsuniversität mit forschungsorientiertem Studium zu sein – und es macht deutlich, dass die Probleme des Mittelbaus gesamtuniversitäre Probleme sind. <br /> <br /> Aus unserer Sicht sind LfbA-Stellen nur unter bestimmten Bedingungen für die Universität sinnvoll und für die Betroffenen zumutbar: <br /> <br /> # LfbA-Stellen sind nach Probezeit und Evaluation unbefristet.<br /> # Sie sind grundsätzlich volle Stellen. <br /> # Qualifikationsanforderung ist in der Regel die Promotion.<br /> # Die Universität nutzt ihren Ermessensspielraum, die Lehrverpflichtung auf 12 SWS zu beschränken.<br /> # Lehrkräfte für besondere Aufgaben können sich an der Forschung beteiligen und sind entsprechend in eine Forschergruppe eingebunden. <br /> <br /> Die Diskussion über die LfbA-Stellen muss an unserer Universität sofort beginnen, ansonsten entwickelt sich quasi natürwüchsig eine akademische ‚Unterschicht’. Die Vertreterinnen und Vertreter des Mittelbaus der Liste “Hochschulautonomie“ werden in den Entscheidungsgremien unserer Universität gemeinsam mit der Hochschullehrergruppe aktiv daran mitwirken, die Arbeitsbedingungen für alle Mittelbaustellen angemessen zu gestalten und die Ausweitung prekärer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse (bei allen Statusgruppen!) zu stoppen und zurück zu drängen.<br /> <br /> ===Alltagsprobleme: Ressourcen, Service, Mittelverteilung ===<br /> <br /> Neben den in der Tat sehr wichtigen Zukunftsfragen gibt es eine Reihe von Alltagsproblemen an unserer Universität, deren Beseitigung in den nächsten zwei Jahren unsere besondere Aufmerksamkeit gelten muss: <br /> * Studium und Lehre, vor allem gute Lehre, werden durch fehlende, zu kleine, verwahrloste und nicht mehr zeitgemäß ausgestattete Räume immer schwieriger. Ein intelligenteres Raummanagement kann solche Probleme gewiss lindern, löst aber die Grundprobleme, z. B. das Fehlen eines zweiten großen Hörsaals am Standort Wechloy oder von Seminarräumen für 40-50 Teilnehmer am Standort Uhlhornsweg, nicht. Darüber hinaus müssen in der Größe ausreichende und zweckmäßig ausgestattete Diensträume für alle Lehrenden und Drittmittelbeschäftigten geschaffen werden. Senat und Fakultäten müssen das Präsidium in dieser Frage in die Pflicht nehmen und die notwendigen Aktivitäten einfordern. <br /> * Die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler müssen sich stärker als bisher auf ihre zentralen Aufgaben Lehre und Forschung konzentrieren können. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass die administrativen Tätigkeiten der Lehrenden mit dem Übergang in die BA/MA/Ph. D.-Studiengänge zunehmen. In den Instituten, in den Fakultäten und im Senat sollten deshalb konkrete Maßnahmen zur Serviceverbesserung diskutiert und beschlossen werden, gerade auch für die Alltagsarbeit. Am Anfang kann als Bestandsaufnahme eine Umfrage bei allen Lehrenden zu deren Arbeitsbedingungen stehen. Aus dieser Bestandsaufnahme, deren Ergebnisse wiederum allen Lehrenden zur Verfügung gestellt werden, sollte ein konkreter Maßnahmenplan mit Fristen zur Umsetzung entstehen. <br /> * Die Tendenz zur ‚Spitzenförderung’ – seien es in der älteren Terminologie „Leuchttürme“, sei es in der neueren Terminologie „Exzellenz“ – darf die eigenverantwortlichen Forschungsmöglichkeiten und die wissenschaftliche Nachwuchsförderung in anderen Fachgebieten nicht einschränken, sondern soll intelligent genutzt werden, auch diese in angemessener Weise zu fördern und zu entwickeln.. Deshalb werden wir uns für eine langfristig verlässliche Entwicklungsplanung für alle Fächergruppen engagieren. <br /> * Die von manchen Mitgliedern unserer Universität schon als Beschluss gehandelte Personalkostenbudgetierung muss in ihrer Ausgestaltung und in ihren Konsequenzen für die Qualität von Lehre und Forschung in allen Instituten, Fakultäten und im Senat diskutiert werden. Nicht das Schweigen darüber bringt Ruhe in die Universität, sondern eine offene und mit Courage vertretene Informationspolitik. Überhaupt ist auf allen Selbstverwaltungsebenen wieder eine größere Transparenz in der Verwendung von finanziellen und personellen Ressourcen vonnöten, auch wenn das NHG die Entscheidung über Ressourcen vollständig dem Präsidium übertragen hat. Transparenz und Macht schließen sich nicht aus! Senat und Fakultätsräte werden ihr „umfassendes Informationsrecht“ auch tatsächlich einfordern müssen. <br /> <br /> Oldenburg, im November 2008<br /> <br /> ==Hochschulautonomie - Programmpunkte für die Senatswahl 2009==<br /> <br /> ===Forschung und Lehre===<br /> * Wir setzen uns für eine sachgemäße Grundausstattung in allen Fachgebieten und für die Stärkung inter- und transdisziplinärer Forschung ein. <br /> * Wir setzen uns dafür ein, dass sich Forschungs- und Lehrexzellenz in allen Fächern und Studiengängen gleichermaßen entwickeln können. Wir sehen die Weiterentwicklung der Bachelor-Master-Strukturen als eine zentrale Aufgabe an, um die Forschungs-, Lehr- und Studienbedingungen zu optimieren.<br /> * Wir setzen uns dafür ein, dass die Universität ihre Maßstäbe für Exzellenz weiterentwickelt, so wie sie in den letzten Jahren erfolgreich vorangetrieben worden sind. Für die weitere Profilierung und ihre Identität im nordwestdeutschen Raum sind die folgenden Punkte zentral:<br /> <br /> *Kritisches Denken,<br /> *Inter- und Transdisziplinarität in Forschung und Lehre,<br /> *Nachhaltigkeit in Forschung, Lehre und Infrastruktur,<br /> *regionale Vernetzung und Verankerung,<br /> *Lehrerbildung.<br /> * Wir setzen uns für die weitere Stärkung und den Ausbau einer forschungsstarken und lehrintensiven Universität Oldenburg ein. Es gilt die Attraktivität der Universität für Studierende zu steigern. Neben den Studierenden der Region müssen auch Studierende aus anderen Regionen und aus dem Ausland verstärkt gewonnen werden.<br /> * Wir stehen der Erweiterung des Fächerspektrums um eine innovative Medizinausbildung grundsätzlich positiv gegenüber.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Mittelbau===<br /> * Wir setzen uns für die Entwicklung eines stimmigen Konzeptes für Promotionsstudiengänge, Graduiertenkollegs und Einzelpromotionen inkl. Stipendien und Stellen für den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs ein. <br /> * Wir setzen uns dafür ein, dass die Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter keine noch höhere Lehrbelastungen schultern müssen, und dass die Forschungsmöglichkeiten nicht noch weiter eingeschränkt werden. <br /> * Mittelbaustellen sollten grundsätzlich volle Stellen sein. Halbe Stellen sind nur befristet als Qualifikationsstellen (bis zur Promotion) akzeptabel. <br /> * LfbA-Stellen sollen nach Probezeit und Evaluation unbefristet und grundsätzlich volle Stellen sein.<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Organisation und Transparenz ===<br /> * Transparenz in allen Entscheidungsfindungsprozessen. <br /> * Beratende Gruppen außerhalb der Gremienstruktur dürfen inhaltliche Entscheidungen nicht selbst treffen, sondern sollen nur vorbereiten und alternative Szenarien vorschlagen. <br /> * Management- und Strukturentscheidungen dürfen nicht an externe Berater gegeben werden. <br /> * Entscheidungen über die inhaltliche und organisatorische Ausrichtung und Erweiterung (inkl. der Einrichtung einer medizinischen Fakultät) müssen innerhalb der Hochschule getroffen und verantwortet werden. <br /> * Einhaltung von flachen Hierarchien zur Optimierung von Professionalisierung und dem Ineinandergreifen von Tätigkeiten unterschiedlicher Ebenen und Bereichen.</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User_talk:Olaf_Simons User talk:Olaf Simons 2008-12-03T19:59:47Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* bitte */</p> <hr /> <div>[[User talk:Olaf Simons/Archive]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Olaf Simons:Medienbestand]]<br /> <br /> ==Prizes/Awards==<br /> *[[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 18:45, 14 July 2008 (CEST): English, James F. 2005. The Economy of Prestige. Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP.<br /> <br /> == blockieren ==<br /> <br /> Vergaß, erst zu blockieren und dann die Seite zu löschen (siehe WeightLossTips, recent changes), und kann den Benutzer User:WeightLoss nicht blockieren (ich sehe die Option nicht, auf die ich klicken kann, welche normalerweise hinter jedem Edit steht. Der ganze User ist auch nicht mehr über recent changes aufgelistet). Auch kann ich seine Seite nicht löschen, obwohl ich das eigentlich können müsste - immerhin könnte ich auch Deine Benutzerseite löschen (theoretisch). Und das verstehe ich nicht ; ). Gruß an die kalte See, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:12, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Wird wohl kein Problem sein - ansonsten radikal unterbinden, Leute, die keine Namen unserer Studenten oder Dozentan haben und sich auch sonst nicht mit einer Identität ausweisen, sollten bei allem Nichtfachlichem gelöscht werden. Von der inspirierenden [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Siggen ostholsteinischen Wikipedia Konferenz], --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:05, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Darum geht es ja: Ich habe zwar die Seite gelöscht, aber nicht den User - da ich nicht sehe, wie ich das machen kann, da ich seine Benutzerseite nur beschränkt sehe. Die Option &quot;blockieren&quot; fehlt (die hinter seinem Namen stehen müsste), und die User Seite [[User:WeightLoss]] kann ich weder löschen, noch die Versionsgeschichte sehen noch kann ich sie auf protect setzen - all das, was normalerweise zu sehen wäre. Das ist meine eigentlich Frage, warum ich das nicht sehen kann, wo ich doch sogar Deine Seite löschen könnte? Muss auf ihr erst was stehen um sie löschen zu können? Wie kann ich den User/seinen Pseudo-Account noch blockieren? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:17, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::Siehst, jetzt habe ich den User erst geblockt und dann die Seite gelöscht (wobei das einfach seine Userseite war) - heute morgen hatte ich erst die Seite gelöscht und wollte dann blocken, aber nach dem Löschen der Seite verschwand der User aus der recent changes Liste, sodass ich die Option &quot;(blockieren)&quot; (hinter dem Namen) nicht mehr sah. Und statt blockieren wollte ich dann seine Userseite löschen, aber die lässt sich nicht löschen,- vielleicht, weil da nichts steht? [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 20:59, 12 October 2008 (CEST) (ich frage aus Verständnisgründen, will ja auch dazulernen und verstehen, wie ein Wiki funktioniert)<br /> ::::Durch Probieren Problem gelöst, selbstständiges Lernen also : ) Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:14, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::''(blocked &quot;User:BoredWikipedians&quot; with an expiry time of infinite: Spam (aber lustiger Name...))''<br /> :::::Räusper. Nicht alles, [http://3.blogs.23.nu/kellerkind/2008/10/passende-auszeit-um-sich-hier-umzusehen/ was man nicht versteht], ist Spam. Und gepostet habe ich, meines Wissens, gar nichts. Kann ich a) meinen Account und b)meine Benutzerseite wiederhaben? Ich habe ja früher mal eine Weile bei der [http://entropie.digital.udk-berlin.de/wiki/Hauptseite der UDK Berlin] gewohnt, die waren da aber weniger grob und tollerant gegenüber anderen Netzlebensformen... Pfh! --[[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 13:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Viel Spaß weiterhin mit den Adminfunktionen :-)<br /> ::::::Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg - aber (das siehst Du ganz richtig) eine offene Plattform. Du kannst mitmachen, solange es die Community interessiert. Ist also die Frage, ob Du ein Projekt hast, das anglistisch oder amerikanistisch interessant ist. Und wer entscheidet das? Ganz am Ende (um das Verfahren zu vereinfachen) ich (und ich warne Dich: es ist gar nicht einfach, was zu machen, was ich interessant finde - möglich aber schon, und für Dich bestimmt eine Bereicherung, Du mußt halt nachdenken). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:53, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::::Zum Verständnis: Vielleicht wäre ein Klarname angebracht, damit es nicht zur Verwechslung kommt. Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen. Was ich nicht zuordnen kann, lösche ich... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 14:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 17:42, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::::''In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden.''<br /> ::::::::::Krass: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB 1] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Am%C3%A9ry 2] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pseudonymen 3] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim 4] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Blixen 5] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll 6] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 7] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 8] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens 9] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger 10] Ich (!) werd' dann mal nachdenken... [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 19:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Verena: Danke für die Wiederherstellung &amp; viel Spaß noch im Netzuniversum :-) Bis dann...<br /> :::::::::::Guckstu: ''Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen'' [...] ''Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg''. Einfach Sache, also. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> Noch eine technische Frage: Wenn ich über Spezialseiten auf [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=Special:Ipblocklist&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ip= Liste blockierter IP-Adressen] klicke, steht da mein Name mit Nummern, die ich blockte, und Uhrzeiten. Da ich bei niemandem anderen von den Admins auf dieser Liste solche Sachen sehe, wundere ich mich darüber. Vor allem, da ich zur besagten Uhrzeit gar nicht im Wiki war... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 22:43, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Das liegt daran, dass jemand, den Du bereits gesperrt hast, sich erneut anmeldet und versucht zu editieren. Soweit er dabei dieselbe IP-Adresse verwendet erfolgt automatisch eine erneute Sperre, hierfür musst Du nicht online sein. Grüße, [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 23:09, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Hallo Olaf,<br /> danke für den Hinweis! Habs gleich geändert :-)<br /> Gruß [[User:Hannah Treffert|Hannah Treffert]] 22:50, 17 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Dear AK 47, wie sieht es denn mit Usernamen aus, die nur aus Vornamen bestehen? Du hast Britta geschrieben (die ich persönlich kenne), sie möge einen vollen Klarnamen nehmen. Es gibt hier aber noch viele andere, die nur einen Vornamen haben, deren Accounts aber schon älter sind, sodass Du/man deren Namen mittlerweile einordnen kann/st (zB [[User:Sonja]]). Versteh mich nicht falsch, aber wenn der eine das &quot;darf&quot;, der andere aber nicht, wirkt das komisch, da sich manche an denen orientieren wenn es ums Wiki geht... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 18:00, 21 October 2008 (CEST) PS: Da schwirrt auch eine Nummer irgendwo rum...<br /> <br /> ::Die user, die sich nicht bemerkbar machen, interessieren mich nicht. Bei Leuten, die neu auftauchen, dringe ich darauf, daß sie es vernünftig machen. Sehe aber nicht, wie ich's durchsetzen soll. Soll ich Sonja reformieren - die ich kenne... Ist mir zu mühselig und bin zu wenig Lehrertyp. Man könnte natürlich für alle accounts eröffnen, wie bei StudIP und verbieten, daß Leute sich selbst accounts basteln - will ich aber gar nicht. Also mache ich nur etwas Druck bei Neulingen, hier und da und denke dann spricht sich's herum. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:06, 21 October 2008 (CEST) (Die neue Numer war Kevin... - schrieb ihm bereits)<br /> <br /> Ist das [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=2008-09_AM_Language_Acquisition hier] nicht ein bisschen derb? Mit großen roten Lettern... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:46, 1 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> Ich sehe non nicht, wie ich das hinkriege, da es offensichtlich kursabhängig geschieht. Nachdem ich den Spruch hinschrieb, meldeten sich die Leute besser an. Es ist mir indes gleichgültig, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:55, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> :Dann solltest Du Dich entscheiden. Mit welcher Begründung wird [[User:Beleidigt|er/sie/es]] toleriert? Studenten werden angeschrieben oder geblockt, andere aber können mit Pseudonymen fleißig auf Deiner BM 2 Timeline editieren. Entweder alle Klarnamen und rigoros, oder aber alle sind frei in der Accountwahl... Abendlicher Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:26, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::Verena, das Problem erledigt sich von selbst, da ich einfach sogleich schmerzfrei versterben werde. Sagen wir es mal so: Erst war es ein blödsinniger Unfall, dann ''irgendwie interessant''. Dann hat man Probleme. Und aus spezifischen Gründen, die hier nichts zur Sache tun, geht sowas aber natürlich _grundsätzlich_gar_nicht_. Ich bin zwar kamera- aber nicht kopflos. Mea Culpa, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 22:28, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == Kleine Bitte ==<br /> <br /> Moin. Keine Ahnung, ob ich das auslöse oder ob das immer so ist, a-bär: Ein Hinweis auf Klarnamenbevorzugung auf der Create-Account-Page bzw. genauer in [[MediaWiki:Emailforlost]] wäre nicht schlecht. Keine Ahnung wie die Rezeptionsweisen funktionieren, ich habe allerdings 6(!) Tage gebraucht, den Hinweis zu finden (was ja auch etwas über meine Geistesverfassung aussagen mag). 1. Kam ich nicht über die Hauptseite 2. Lese ich die Hilfe nicht, weil das technische weiß ich ja schon 3. Mit dem About weiß ich es selbst nicht so genau, vielleicht erwartet man von der Textsorte nichts interessantes... Freundliche Grüße in die Runde, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 07:16, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Also wie ich im Wiki Veränderungen vornehme - etwa bei der create an account Schablone Text ablege, dre sagt, was für Accounts wir bevorzugen - keine Ahnung. Das sind Dinge, die sich in unseremm kleinen Wiki auch so regeln. oder auch nicht, ohne katastrophen zu erzeugen, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:00, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::und ich bin in der Lage zu unterscheiden zwischen Leuten, die bewußt ein Pseudonym wählen und anderen, die das tun, ohne zu kapieren, daß es in Recent Changes diese Accounts hinterläßt, die einmal in sieben Jahren was Unübersichtliches tun. Gegen Leute, die entschieden verantwortungsvoll handeln habe ich gar nichts, was auch immer sie als Weg wählen. Bei Leuten, bei denen nur die Wurschtigkeit eine andere Entscheidung verhindert, klopfe ich an, und frage, ob's auch anders geht. Ein Wiki regelt sich selbst, ich bin da gelassen und zuversichtlich und blocke vandalierende Leute - nicht Leute, die aus irgendeinem Spaß mitspielen - warum denn nicht? Das konstruktive Spiel ist mir willkommen, und ich rätsele, was einen Fremden reizt, mal hier herumzuschauen und freue mich über die Neugier und die kleinen konstruktiven Edits. Gelassenheit und ruhiges Kurshalten sind in allen Dingen angeraten, und ruhiges Kurshalten schließt ein, daß man hinnimmt, daß es allemal nie geradlienig geht, doch langfristig eben nach vorne in interessante Gebiete. Gelassenheit und Toleranz... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 23:37, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :::Nein, es beschädigt die Texte nicht. Aber es vandaliert das Norm- und Beziehungsgefüge. Und auch (und gerade das) würde man einen Troll nennen. Alles sehr seltsam... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 06:11, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::::Ich habe diesen Eintrag erwartet - da ich ein langes Buch über einen von Pseudonymen durchzogenenen Buchmarkt schrieb, und darüber nachdachte, wie der langsam zu wahren Namen kam. Namen wie Robinson Crusoe spielten da in der ersten Well mit, und [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tabart Benjamin Tabart] ist mir natürlich nicht unbekannt. Mit Humor dabei --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:56, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==On the Novel==<br /> Just a mental note. I assume you already know that so maybe the note is for myself really. David Lodge in ''The Novelist at the Crossroads'' (1971, repr. 1986) defines the European novel as &quot;synthesis of pre-existing narrative traditions&quot; (p.4 in 1986 edition). [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 13:37, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :Well, yes, though this can be the cheap solution: All texts can and will be influenced by all texts the author read. So a novel I write will be influenced by the entire spectrum of genres - and not only by those fictional. Question remains: which traditions will we note? Also: what will we do about the discourse of traditions that is produced alongside by critics and novelists. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:00, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == bitte ==<br /> <br /> [[Talk:Swarm| Bitte, bitte, bitte lösche das!]] Nicht um meinetwillen, aber bitte nicht hier, nicht im Internet, nicht im Wiki der Uni. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:31, 1 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> #Lösch es selbst. Es disst Leute und bringt nichts voran.<br /> #''going to the party tonight / yeah, its Wednesday'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7LZRaHz0Q8 Na, sicher!]<br /> :[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:05, 2 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> ::es gibt nichts gutes außer man tut es (freut mich, daß noch alle am leben sind - ein enger Tag heute (Euch einen angenehmen!)), mit Dank für's Mitdenken, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 08:44, 3 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> :::Ein paar Ergänzungen in [[BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline|Great Britain and Westindies sowie Great Britain and India]] wären hilfreich. Auf dass andere Suchen und Finden mögen und die Crawler kommen und Alles nach archive.org tragen. So war es schon immer. Ansonsten: Ich bin an Menschen nicht besonders interessiert. Danke. [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 19:59, 3 December 2008 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:Swarm Talk:Swarm 2008-12-03T07:31:53Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: über anwesende sprechen als wären sie abwesend auch.</p> <hr /> <div></div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Swarm Swarm 2008-12-03T07:31:08Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: leute in typologien packen ist mist</p> <hr /> <div></div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User_talk:Olaf_Simons User talk:Olaf Simons 2008-12-02T18:05:12Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* bitte */</p> <hr /> <div>[[User talk:Olaf Simons/Archive]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Olaf Simons:Medienbestand]]<br /> <br /> ==Prizes/Awards==<br /> *[[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 18:45, 14 July 2008 (CEST): English, James F. 2005. The Economy of Prestige. Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP.<br /> <br /> == blockieren ==<br /> <br /> Vergaß, erst zu blockieren und dann die Seite zu löschen (siehe WeightLossTips, recent changes), und kann den Benutzer User:WeightLoss nicht blockieren (ich sehe die Option nicht, auf die ich klicken kann, welche normalerweise hinter jedem Edit steht. Der ganze User ist auch nicht mehr über recent changes aufgelistet). Auch kann ich seine Seite nicht löschen, obwohl ich das eigentlich können müsste - immerhin könnte ich auch Deine Benutzerseite löschen (theoretisch). Und das verstehe ich nicht ; ). Gruß an die kalte See, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:12, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Wird wohl kein Problem sein - ansonsten radikal unterbinden, Leute, die keine Namen unserer Studenten oder Dozentan haben und sich auch sonst nicht mit einer Identität ausweisen, sollten bei allem Nichtfachlichem gelöscht werden. Von der inspirierenden [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Siggen ostholsteinischen Wikipedia Konferenz], --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:05, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Darum geht es ja: Ich habe zwar die Seite gelöscht, aber nicht den User - da ich nicht sehe, wie ich das machen kann, da ich seine Benutzerseite nur beschränkt sehe. Die Option &quot;blockieren&quot; fehlt (die hinter seinem Namen stehen müsste), und die User Seite [[User:WeightLoss]] kann ich weder löschen, noch die Versionsgeschichte sehen noch kann ich sie auf protect setzen - all das, was normalerweise zu sehen wäre. Das ist meine eigentlich Frage, warum ich das nicht sehen kann, wo ich doch sogar Deine Seite löschen könnte? Muss auf ihr erst was stehen um sie löschen zu können? Wie kann ich den User/seinen Pseudo-Account noch blockieren? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:17, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::Siehst, jetzt habe ich den User erst geblockt und dann die Seite gelöscht (wobei das einfach seine Userseite war) - heute morgen hatte ich erst die Seite gelöscht und wollte dann blocken, aber nach dem Löschen der Seite verschwand der User aus der recent changes Liste, sodass ich die Option &quot;(blockieren)&quot; (hinter dem Namen) nicht mehr sah. Und statt blockieren wollte ich dann seine Userseite löschen, aber die lässt sich nicht löschen,- vielleicht, weil da nichts steht? [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 20:59, 12 October 2008 (CEST) (ich frage aus Verständnisgründen, will ja auch dazulernen und verstehen, wie ein Wiki funktioniert)<br /> ::::Durch Probieren Problem gelöst, selbstständiges Lernen also : ) Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:14, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::''(blocked &quot;User:BoredWikipedians&quot; with an expiry time of infinite: Spam (aber lustiger Name...))''<br /> :::::Räusper. Nicht alles, [http://3.blogs.23.nu/kellerkind/2008/10/passende-auszeit-um-sich-hier-umzusehen/ was man nicht versteht], ist Spam. Und gepostet habe ich, meines Wissens, gar nichts. Kann ich a) meinen Account und b)meine Benutzerseite wiederhaben? Ich habe ja früher mal eine Weile bei der [http://entropie.digital.udk-berlin.de/wiki/Hauptseite der UDK Berlin] gewohnt, die waren da aber weniger grob und tollerant gegenüber anderen Netzlebensformen... Pfh! --[[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 13:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Viel Spaß weiterhin mit den Adminfunktionen :-)<br /> ::::::Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg - aber (das siehst Du ganz richtig) eine offene Plattform. Du kannst mitmachen, solange es die Community interessiert. Ist also die Frage, ob Du ein Projekt hast, das anglistisch oder amerikanistisch interessant ist. Und wer entscheidet das? Ganz am Ende (um das Verfahren zu vereinfachen) ich (und ich warne Dich: es ist gar nicht einfach, was zu machen, was ich interessant finde - möglich aber schon, und für Dich bestimmt eine Bereicherung, Du mußt halt nachdenken). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:53, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::::Zum Verständnis: Vielleicht wäre ein Klarname angebracht, damit es nicht zur Verwechslung kommt. Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen. Was ich nicht zuordnen kann, lösche ich... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 14:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 17:42, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::::''In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden.''<br /> ::::::::::Krass: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB 1] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Am%C3%A9ry 2] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pseudonymen 3] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim 4] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Blixen 5] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll 6] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 7] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 8] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens 9] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger 10] Ich (!) werd' dann mal nachdenken... [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 19:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Verena: Danke für die Wiederherstellung &amp; viel Spaß noch im Netzuniversum :-) Bis dann...<br /> :::::::::::Guckstu: ''Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen'' [...] ''Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg''. Einfach Sache, also. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> Noch eine technische Frage: Wenn ich über Spezialseiten auf [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=Special:Ipblocklist&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ip= Liste blockierter IP-Adressen] klicke, steht da mein Name mit Nummern, die ich blockte, und Uhrzeiten. Da ich bei niemandem anderen von den Admins auf dieser Liste solche Sachen sehe, wundere ich mich darüber. Vor allem, da ich zur besagten Uhrzeit gar nicht im Wiki war... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 22:43, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Das liegt daran, dass jemand, den Du bereits gesperrt hast, sich erneut anmeldet und versucht zu editieren. Soweit er dabei dieselbe IP-Adresse verwendet erfolgt automatisch eine erneute Sperre, hierfür musst Du nicht online sein. Grüße, [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 23:09, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Hallo Olaf,<br /> danke für den Hinweis! Habs gleich geändert :-)<br /> Gruß [[User:Hannah Treffert|Hannah Treffert]] 22:50, 17 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Dear AK 47, wie sieht es denn mit Usernamen aus, die nur aus Vornamen bestehen? Du hast Britta geschrieben (die ich persönlich kenne), sie möge einen vollen Klarnamen nehmen. Es gibt hier aber noch viele andere, die nur einen Vornamen haben, deren Accounts aber schon älter sind, sodass Du/man deren Namen mittlerweile einordnen kann/st (zB [[User:Sonja]]). Versteh mich nicht falsch, aber wenn der eine das &quot;darf&quot;, der andere aber nicht, wirkt das komisch, da sich manche an denen orientieren wenn es ums Wiki geht... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 18:00, 21 October 2008 (CEST) PS: Da schwirrt auch eine Nummer irgendwo rum...<br /> <br /> ::Die user, die sich nicht bemerkbar machen, interessieren mich nicht. Bei Leuten, die neu auftauchen, dringe ich darauf, daß sie es vernünftig machen. Sehe aber nicht, wie ich's durchsetzen soll. Soll ich Sonja reformieren - die ich kenne... Ist mir zu mühselig und bin zu wenig Lehrertyp. Man könnte natürlich für alle accounts eröffnen, wie bei StudIP und verbieten, daß Leute sich selbst accounts basteln - will ich aber gar nicht. Also mache ich nur etwas Druck bei Neulingen, hier und da und denke dann spricht sich's herum. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:06, 21 October 2008 (CEST) (Die neue Numer war Kevin... - schrieb ihm bereits)<br /> <br /> Ist das [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=2008-09_AM_Language_Acquisition hier] nicht ein bisschen derb? Mit großen roten Lettern... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:46, 1 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> Ich sehe non nicht, wie ich das hinkriege, da es offensichtlich kursabhängig geschieht. Nachdem ich den Spruch hinschrieb, meldeten sich die Leute besser an. Es ist mir indes gleichgültig, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:55, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> :Dann solltest Du Dich entscheiden. Mit welcher Begründung wird [[User:Beleidigt|er/sie/es]] toleriert? Studenten werden angeschrieben oder geblockt, andere aber können mit Pseudonymen fleißig auf Deiner BM 2 Timeline editieren. Entweder alle Klarnamen und rigoros, oder aber alle sind frei in der Accountwahl... Abendlicher Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:26, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::Verena, das Problem erledigt sich von selbst, da ich einfach sogleich schmerzfrei versterben werde. Sagen wir es mal so: Erst war es ein blödsinniger Unfall, dann ''irgendwie interessant''. Dann hat man Probleme. Und aus spezifischen Gründen, die hier nichts zur Sache tun, geht sowas aber natürlich _grundsätzlich_gar_nicht_. Ich bin zwar kamera- aber nicht kopflos. Mea Culpa, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 22:28, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == Kleine Bitte ==<br /> <br /> Moin. Keine Ahnung, ob ich das auslöse oder ob das immer so ist, a-bär: Ein Hinweis auf Klarnamenbevorzugung auf der Create-Account-Page bzw. genauer in [[MediaWiki:Emailforlost]] wäre nicht schlecht. Keine Ahnung wie die Rezeptionsweisen funktionieren, ich habe allerdings 6(!) Tage gebraucht, den Hinweis zu finden (was ja auch etwas über meine Geistesverfassung aussagen mag). 1. Kam ich nicht über die Hauptseite 2. Lese ich die Hilfe nicht, weil das technische weiß ich ja schon 3. Mit dem About weiß ich es selbst nicht so genau, vielleicht erwartet man von der Textsorte nichts interessantes... Freundliche Grüße in die Runde, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 07:16, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Also wie ich im Wiki Veränderungen vornehme - etwa bei der create an account Schablone Text ablege, dre sagt, was für Accounts wir bevorzugen - keine Ahnung. Das sind Dinge, die sich in unseremm kleinen Wiki auch so regeln. oder auch nicht, ohne katastrophen zu erzeugen, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:00, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::und ich bin in der Lage zu unterscheiden zwischen Leuten, die bewußt ein Pseudonym wählen und anderen, die das tun, ohne zu kapieren, daß es in Recent Changes diese Accounts hinterläßt, die einmal in sieben Jahren was Unübersichtliches tun. Gegen Leute, die entschieden verantwortungsvoll handeln habe ich gar nichts, was auch immer sie als Weg wählen. Bei Leuten, bei denen nur die Wurschtigkeit eine andere Entscheidung verhindert, klopfe ich an, und frage, ob's auch anders geht. Ein Wiki regelt sich selbst, ich bin da gelassen und zuversichtlich und blocke vandalierende Leute - nicht Leute, die aus irgendeinem Spaß mitspielen - warum denn nicht? Das konstruktive Spiel ist mir willkommen, und ich rätsele, was einen Fremden reizt, mal hier herumzuschauen und freue mich über die Neugier und die kleinen konstruktiven Edits. Gelassenheit und ruhiges Kurshalten sind in allen Dingen angeraten, und ruhiges Kurshalten schließt ein, daß man hinnimmt, daß es allemal nie geradlienig geht, doch langfristig eben nach vorne in interessante Gebiete. Gelassenheit und Toleranz... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 23:37, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :::Nein, es beschädigt die Texte nicht. Aber es vandaliert das Norm- und Beziehungsgefüge. Und auch (und gerade das) würde man einen Troll nennen. Alles sehr seltsam... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 06:11, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::::Ich habe diesen Eintrag erwartet - da ich ein langes Buch über einen von Pseudonymen durchzogenenen Buchmarkt schrieb, und darüber nachdachte, wie der langsam zu wahren Namen kam. Namen wie Robinson Crusoe spielten da in der ersten Well mit, und [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tabart Benjamin Tabart] ist mir natürlich nicht unbekannt. Mit Humor dabei --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:56, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==On the Novel==<br /> Just a mental note. I assume you already know that so maybe the note is for myself really. David Lodge in ''The Novelist at the Crossroads'' (1971, repr. 1986) defines the European novel as &quot;synthesis of pre-existing narrative traditions&quot; (p.4 in 1986 edition). [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 13:37, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :Well, yes, though this can be the cheap solution: All texts can and will be influenced by all texts the author read. So a novel I write will be influenced by the entire spectrum of genres - and not only by those fictional. Question remains: which traditions will we note? Also: what will we do about the discourse of traditions that is produced alongside by critics and novelists. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:00, 11 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == bitte ==<br /> <br /> [[Talk:Swarm| Bitte, bitte, bitte lösche das!]] Nicht um meinetwillen, aber bitte nicht hier, nicht im Internet, nicht im Wiki der Uni. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 15:31, 1 December 2008 (UTC)<br /> #Lösch es selbst. Es disst Leute und bringt nichts voran.<br /> #''going to the party tonight / yeah, its Wednesday'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7LZRaHz0Q8 Na, sicher!]<br /> :[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:05, 2 December 2008 (UTC)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-12-01T21:05:29Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: keep up the good work...</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/slavery/related.html Slavery Resource Guide. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> **[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/bibliog.html The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> **[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/MFA_Portal/en-GB/Foreign_Policy/Treaties/CONVENTION+RESPECTING+THE+FREE+NAVIGATION+OF+THE+SUEZ+MARITIME+CANAL.htm Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal, 1888]<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> *[http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/ American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection. University of Washington Libraries]<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Mexican War over Texas<br /> **[http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/mexicanwar/ A Guide to the Mexican War. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Blog Blog 2008-11-28T18:20:49Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: The other side I, Friday, 28th November 2008</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> *&lt;small&gt;choose a column, write, sign with &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;, save.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> *&lt;small&gt;[[Blog:Archive]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> {|width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;<br /> |width=45% align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> <br /> <br /> == Thanks, and Good Night. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:45, 22 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Welp, heading back to the states. Had fun here, but of course nothing gold can stay. I trust the next person to take over this side will have more relevant things than I to say. Don't forget to tip your waitresses. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:45, 22 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Have Been a Fool for Lesser Things --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:01, 14 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> You know what the Famila on Scheideweg could use? a 10-items-or-less line. It saves so much hassle when I want to buy something quick in the states. Also: random music suggestion- The Queers &quot;Like A Parasite&quot;. That is all. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:01, 14 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Did She Ever Say A Prayer For Me? --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:28, 10 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, It's pretty much the way it goes in my life, but as I'm coming to the end of my semester here I'm still essentially shocked that I'm heading back home in 2 weeks. I know I didn't do as much traveling as some of the kids that came here, but I lived a way different life than I was used to, so I'm a little bit ancy about re-acclimating to my normal life back home. Every thing you go though has some sort of affect on you one way or an other, so what's normal anyway? I can say for certain that I am not looking forward to having to pay for gasoline again. (The Baltimore-Metropolitan Mass Transit is less than stellar - so I have to use my car) But I guess I did all the Study-Abroad classic-style things; hang out exclusively in expat bars, talk as much english as possible, and give people who talk to me in german weird looks... or not. What did I actually do? I did do a fair amount of traveling, although I took mostly Day-Trips using the Semester Ticket it was all fun, Fell for a girl who in turn broke my heart, ate the local cuisine, seen first-hand how you German kids rock this soccer-thing we in the states hear you Europeans love so much, seen Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Dresden, Hannover, Leer, Emden, and been to the Netherlands (I have a few friends with specific interests that it will be fun to hold THAT fact over their head), I did break a few promises to myself (I would definitely say I consumed more liquor than I thought I would, but I didn't do anything especially stupid because of it, and it's not like I had to drive), But I did start and then subsiquently STOP smoking... I didn't really try any fancy places to eat here, I did a thing where I tried a bunch of the small places, but I should've tried to have eaten in one nice restaraunt. Oh well. This is just me running through my mind. I get to go back home where summer actually means summer, and there are screens on the windows to keep the bugs out. I will have fun pointing out to all the people back home that &quot;Trader Joes&quot; is the brand they sell in the discount (Aldi) stores here. One of my friends here has complained about not being able to retreat to speaking english to get away from things here, but i'm looking forward to talking in German with the people I know in the states, it's always fun. I actually made a list on my livejournal of all the things I plan to do [http://blitzkriegradio.livejournal.com/420939.html See It Here]. The things I'll miss here won't really hit me until I get home, though. I would also add that I think doing this makes me seriously consider working with the Study Abroad / International Student office back home, It'll supplement my Student-Group Leadership stuff for my Resume. <br /> And now for something completely different: I like the theme of &quot;Leningrad&quot;, but there's no way it's as catchy as &quot;Only The Good Die Young&quot;. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:28, 10 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == A Quick Q&amp;A Session With the Author --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:38, 7 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Q: You know what season I miss?<br /> A: Summer. <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:38, 7 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Celebrate American Independance by Blowing Up a Small Part of Germany --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:51, 5 July 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> The American Kids here are all about the 4th of July, which I don't think I've celebrated since the 9th Grade. What's the legality of Fireworks here in the Bundesrepublik? because I'd hate to think some of them might do something illegal with small scale explosives. I guess we'll find out when we read the headline &quot;Hooligans caught firing rockets&quot; in the newspaper. Just over 20 days 'til I go home... I sort of don't really want to go, it'd be more fun to bring the people and things from home that I miss here. Alas, so dawn sinks down to day, nothing gold can stay. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 01:51, 5 July 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == German Interwebs, Music, and Day Trips. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:00, 30 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I love all the ads for &quot;free U.S. visas!&quot; &quot;get ahead of the line!&quot; ... etc. I'm just sit there and think &quot;Really? I could get into AMERICA???&quot; its nice to see the advertisements on the internet are just as stupid here as they are back home. Also I went to Emden today and almost boarded the ferry, but then realised that if I did, I would have to spend the night there, and spending the night on an island beach is something I'd rather do with someone. I feel like I'm better able to handle questions and such in German now, so hooray! ... That's all I've got. Here are three songs that I've been listening to a lot lately: Billy Joel- Piano Man , Bon Jovi- Livin' on a Prayer, and finally an actual good song: Suicide is Painless (the theme from M*A*S*H - the film) [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:00, 30 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Headline text --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:20, 28 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Saturday Tests = No good. No good at all. <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:20, 28 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I can think of at least 7 words to write here. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:32, 24 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Man, George Carlin died. I'm kind of sad about that. If you want to see some of the best you can do with the english language, all you've got now is old video clips. Other than that I had an extra class today and then a Barbeque later. I have so much food left over it's crazy. I'm starting to feel kinda sad about having to go home in a month, but I'm also super excited about my classes next semester. Anyhoo, I've got lots of work to do, but I've still got a few more entries to write before I hand this off to the next kid. Until then, ciao. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:32, 24 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == What? --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 12:41, 20 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I have nothing to add. I'm sure I'll think up something. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 12:41, 20 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == No One Told This Country That It's Almost Summer. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:44, 15 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Why is it so cold??? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:44, 15 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Title! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:24, 12 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> And an other thing: The setting up of extra-classes here is weird. I don't think I've ever had a professor be like &quot;we're going to have an extra class on day X time Y, so show up&quot; back home. If the professor misses class, they just roll everything into the remaining classes. I don't disagree with the practice here, but sometimes it's weird to have to be like &quot;oh yeah, I have my tuesday class on friday today.&quot; [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:24, 12 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == In Whiskey, Gin, and Pints of Beer ... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:19, 10 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I miss my fellow blogger on the other side of the page, she always has more interesting things to say than I. Post something, my American-Style-Slackery can not compensate for your learned-ness. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:19, 10 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == And a Row and a Ruction Soon Began... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:14, 10 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> So I went ahead and booked a flight to Ireland in July. Anyone want to come with me? (you'd have to pay for it yourself, but at least Ryanair wouldn't cancel the flight if enough people signed up!) In celebration of that I have been listening to Irish Folk songs all afternoon. It was a hard decision, especially once I realised I could also have gone to Malta, but my pride in my Irish Heritage (it's in the mix somewhere behind the german, dutch, and polish) won out over sunshine. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:14, 10 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == More Breaking Irrelevance! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:59, 9 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> <br /> [http://www.studivz.net/Profile/71568d894aecf944 I got your German-Facebook Deal, You can be my friend now!]<br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:59, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Have So Many Photo Albums on Facebook Now That I Have Run Out of Ways to Keep The Titles In My Humorous Theme and They Are All Now Long, Rambling Descriptions of What I Did. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:58, 9 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> So I took the ISO's Trip to Dresden. I had a lot of fun, and did the touristy-things (taking pictures, seeing all the classical sights, riding on a boat), and was perfectly okay with playing the complete-tourist. It was nice to get out. I walked to the top of the Frauenkirche, and I am horribly afraid of heights. I proved to myself I could do it, and even leaned over the edge a little bit, and didn't hold onto the railings 100% of the time! The Hostel in Dresden was fairly nice, 2 beds to a room, and a sink. but for having the sink they could've stood to put a half-bath in, but I'm too used to hotel rooms (I guess having worked in one? or maybe because I always want to stay in a Hotel because my parents never let me as a child; the same reason I always take the elevator - yeah, I know, I had such a deprived childhood). That being said, the food that was available there more then made up for having to walk down the hall to the bathroom. They served the first night Chicken Florentine (kind of, it was stuffed instead of served on a bed of spinach), Basmati Rice (mislabeled as &quot;Risotto&quot;), Salad-type-stuff, and all sorts of jazz. The breakfasts were pretty much conventional &quot;Continental&quot; breakfasts, and the last night was a &quot;grillparty&quot; night, it was neat. I went out with the kids to sit along the Elbe, Drink, and Chill. We went to a bar, and at some point I decided everyone at my table needed a shot of Jack Daniels, so I fronted the cash for it. Really I did it as a tribute to ... something. I'm sure of it. The bus rides were generally terrible (except for the tour of the city/immediate region, that was nice) because of the music (I can't stand pop music, If I need filler music I go straight for Oldies, Classic Rock, 90's Alternative, Blues, or Bluegrass), the fact that I no matter what wound up sitting in the side of the bus with ALL of the sun and NONE of the air-flow, and the lack-of-legroom thing I had going on. All in All though, I had a good time. I think I want to go somewhere in The Netherlands next weekend, and as for a longer-term trip once my classes have ended? I'm leaning harder towards Dublin, but Spain still seems nice. <br /> <br /> ''On a Completely Random Note, here are some random things that happened to me that I found to be amazing:''<br /> <br /> - I took a Taxi at one point to get to the Hostel in Dresden, and the driver kept the windows down, and I got to ride with my arm hanging out, I haven't done that in so long. It was awesome!<br /> <br /> - I did not fall down the staircases in the Frauenkirche. <br /> <br /> - Fireworks! They had Fireworks! I watched them from the a bridge at one point, it made the trip. <br /> <br /> ''and one last note:''<br /> <br /> The Doeners were better in Berlin. <br /> <br /> ''oh wait; I did have an other one:''<br /> <br /> At one point, I was sitting at night on the steps infront of an old church near the waterfront. There was classical music slowly wafting through the air to my ears. I was happy to be there, but I wished so hard that I had someone to hold my hand and share the experience with me. <br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:58, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Whatever Comes to Mind in Hannover --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:41, 9 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> ''This is copied verbatim from my pocket notebook, I wrote this as I sat in an &quot;American Roadhouse&quot; a few blocks from the Hauptbahnhof in Hannover:.''<br /> <br /> [I'm] Trying a &quot;Roadhouse&quot; in Hannover: I do reckon one ought not play &quot;Pink&quot; in a Roadhouse in the states, and ought switch said artist, should they inadvertantly be played, to Johnny Cash as soon as possible. Except now they've got sports on. I mean, it's soccer, so you'd still get your ass kicked for watching it, but oh well. <br /> <br /> They have a &quot;Maryland Salad&quot; here with beans and all sorts of crap one does not think of when they think of Maryland. It has a &quot;Southern Dressing&quot; and it is hard to think of Maryland as Southern. That it is advertised as such is amusing. Also there was no mention of Crabs and/or Old Bay seasoning, it's really not &quot;Maryland&quot;. (It has chicken and I know Maryland has Chicken Farms, but it's not like it's KNOWN for that.) <br /> <br /> I ordered &quot;Hot Ribs&quot; to see how they do both (Hot and Ribs). In both cases 'aforehand I ain't been super impressed here. The ribs were only 9 Euro, so that's nice. At home I'd expect to pay upwards of $20. <br /> <br /> They were pretty good, I was going to get a brownie sundae but was full. <br /> <br /> Then I walked to the Bahnhof.<br /> <br /> Then I did a dance.<br /> <br /> I have 30 minutes to kill...<br /> <br /> ''The End.''<br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:41, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Lost My Whole Entry. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:56, 8 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> I wrote a fairly decent entry about my trip to Dresden. Then started reading Wikipedia articles and forgot to post it, and then my session logged out and I lost it. I am sad. I will write it again though. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:56, 8 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> :such edits are not really lost - you have to scroll down and give the confirmation that you actually want to save it. Tough luck because if you don't do that, they are really lost. You can prevent the procedure by asking for a preview before you safe it. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:40, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> :: I clicked the wrong link after I found it and really did lose it. I generally confirm beforehand regardless. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:32, 9 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Sun Shining Down on a Cloudy Day --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:14, 5 June 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I Found 20 Euro at the ZOB today! hooray! I'm going to spend it on something frivelous. <br /> I also got a Haircut today. Last night I went to the &quot;International Fair&quot; thing, it was okay, I tried the food from a few of the stands, most of it was pretty good (except for the vegemite at the Australian table... I did not enjoy it, it was comprable to caviar in terms of saltiness, and I see where people might like it, but I don't like overly salt things). The party deal they did after was ... mediocre at best, They played &quot;Should I Stay or Should I Go?&quot; from The Clash, which I always like, but everything else is pop crap, even the song by The Clash that they played is more known for being the song-in-the-background-of-the-romantic-comedy-movie-trailer than for being by one of the most influential 70's punk rock bands. I pogo'd a bit while they played The Clash with this girl who was talking with people I knew from the Brückenkurs, but none of them would join in. I left fairly early because the whole scene is not my deal, and I was still feeling kinda depressed over stupid things I shouldn't concern myself with but do anyway. I lost the thing I wrote about my day-trip to Hannover, I'll find it at some point, hopefully before tomorrow because I want to take it with me to Dresden. I have a papercut on my thumb and it hurts. I've also just downloaded &quot;Suicide Is Painless&quot;. It's such an amazing song. Right, anyway, I'll write something else later...<br /> <br /> == This Ain't the Way it's Supposed to be --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:57, 1 June 2008 (CEST)==<br /> I can't log in to my Towson.edu E-Mail account, and Complaining to anyone at TU about anything from Europe is a big ol' waste of time. dagnabit. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:57, 1 June 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == The Kids Are All Lame --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:41, 31 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I went to the &quot;Heavy Metal Night&quot; at this &quot;Amadeus&quot; place. The kids all danced to Maralyn Manson, Linkin Park, and terrible Nu-Metal type crap. They played Rage Against The Machine and I was the only one on the floor. I marched around in a circle and taunted them all in english for a bit. Still, I like to think for a little bit I was in a circle pit all by my self. Today I went to Hannover, but now I'm too tired to write about it, I will write more tomorrow. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:41, 31 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == They're going through a tight wind --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:42, 30 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> I was going to take the train to Hannover today, but it was too crowded so I went to class instead. I tried to talk less today, because I'm starting to get tired of hearing my own voice in class. <br /> I think I'll probably go somewhere over the weekend: Hamburg, Bremen, Hannover, Bremerhaven, who knows? though from that list I can safely assume the name will start with either an H or a B. I've also been thinking about taking a week or so and visiting Ireland or Spain while I'm in europe. My spanish is right terrible, but I do know some basic things &quot;me da una cervesa para beber, y unas patatas bravas&quot; ... etc. All the other kids are going to Paris ...etc. I have no real interest in that. Were I to go anywhere in France it would be along the mediterranian or atlantic, or Normandy or Alsaice... But deciding between Dublin and Barcelona is hard. I'm going to go once the classes have ended, before I head back to the states. There are also cheap flights to Italy, but my knowledge of Italian extends as far as &quot;Non Parlo Italiano&quot;, &quot;Mi Piaci&quot; and &quot;Et Tu, Brutus?&quot;; therefore I think I will wait until I can take some Italian courses to travel to Italy. I also want to go back to The Netherlands at some point before I leave. My friend back home, who for the purpose of this blog we'll call &quot;Christa - who was born in Frankfurt Am Main, Germany and is a Finance Major&quot;, told me to go to the first coffee shop I see in the netherlands and eat as many &quot;Space Cakes&quot; as possible, since she assures me that even if I'm regularly immune to Marijuana, that doing so would nevertheless get me &quot;high&quot;. I would take her challenge, were it not required of me therein to pay for said cakes. Also, the name &quot;Space Cakes&quot; is misleading, as nothing in them contains enough fuel to reach escape velocity. I don't know what I'm going to do tonight; but I'm gonna go out and try to find something. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 18:42, 30 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == The Business of Selling Out --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:16, 28 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I went to Burger King today, just sort of on a whim. That was a bad idea, because the money I spent there I could've spent at a privately owned place that probably (though not necessarily) would have had better food. Anyhoo, just a random question; how many people actually read this? because I always assumed the number was like, 5. That's about the average on the internet, right? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:16, 28 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> :There is a counter below, as soon as you change the page it is updated (you can't fool it by visiting your entry repeatedly). So take a look at the count right after your edits. On [[Special:Popularpages]] you get the comparative ranking of all pages within this wiki. Most visitors will not come via Google, so I'd assume you have a regular audience of people studying here - and of people outside. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:11, 29 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::3.369-3.418 is the edit count for the past 24 hours on [[Special:Popularpages]]. That is 49 vistors per day, and I guess most of them are Oldenburg students and staff - there is hardly a word on this page nor does it get a link from an extern website which would induce Google to send us visitors from outside world onto this page. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:49, 30 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Yeah? Well... -[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:39, 27 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I've had my window open most nights since mid-april, but I live next to a small sheep farm and they don't stop bleating. There are times at night where my deepest fantasy is to sneak to the farm next door and throw myself a big ol' Barbacoa [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbacoa] party. I'm too used to hearing traffic at night as opposed to ... you know, animals. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:39, 27 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Today Was a Day. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:36, 27 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I am terrible at thinking up entry titles. Always have been, always will be. <br /> We discussed biological rythym and &quot;internal clocks&quot; in German class today. I would say it is for me a poor coincidence (but not Irony, as defined by Futurama as &quot;expressing words as something other than their literal intent&quot; or some such nonesense) to cover such a topic in a time period I absolutely can not function in (from 8 am to 12 noon: what can I say? I'm a night person.). The whole deal was B.S. anyway, I've never been able to work in the rythym they say you're supposed to. On a completely different topic: I also went ahead and tried &quot;die Kleine Kajute&quot; (Probably spelled that wrong, but I digress), which is about half a kilometer south of my apartment, It wasn't bad, I tried the Doener-Teller, It was allright, it wasn't the shaved doener meat, it was more like seasoned chunks of meat, but it was tasty. I have been feeling more confident about my german lately, that's good! I'm never gonna get rid of my accent, but oh well. Oh, and I've been reading Upton Sinclair's &quot;The Jungle&quot; and am totally blown away by it. There's still a girl I like who doesn't like me, but I'll survive... and segues are for chumps. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 20:36, 27 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == You Can Always Tell a Good Weblog... --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:42, 26 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> By the degree to which it becomes an exercise in Stream-of-Conciousness writing and disregards all rules of grammar.<br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:42, 26 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Today I Had an Adventure. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:40, 26 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I Figured I'd try &quot;Grillimbiss Nadorst&quot; today, since I always walk by it. I ordered Zigeuner Schnitzel, French Fries, and Cola. Hole-in-the-wall places usually do simple stuff right. It worked well, I didn't know what Zigeuner Schnitzel was when I ordered it, but I enjoyed the fried veal in tomato sauce. I also did some people watching in Julius Mozen Platz. Also there's nothing better then when a really awesome song comes on the radio, or someone drives by you playing a really awesome song, and you can just rock out to it for a little bit. That happened a bit back when I was crossing Schützenweg on the way from the uni to the city center, someone was playing &quot;Killing in the Name&quot; from Rage Against The Machine. I threw the heavy-metal horns to them to let them know &quot;I Approve&quot;. I Certainly hope that the specific hand-gesture I used doesn't mean anything bad, but oh well. Also I'm thinking of doing a big barbecue type deal, Except I know I need at least 10 people to show up to make it worthwhile, and all the kids here are chumps. I have been downloading a lot of blues music to play should I host such an event (Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, BB King, all the classics) anyhoo, things shall develop in time. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:40, 26 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == You Know What Band I Like? The Mr. T Experience. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:55, 25 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I found myself to a degree freaking out about a variety of things (mostly loneliness) of late, coupled with at times an intense desire to just hop on the next flight back home, But the truth is I'm much more afraid of not following through on everything here than I am of spending my nights alone. I'm sure I could think of something more meaningful or in-depth to write here, but that's the just of the way I'm feeling. I spent a few hours today sitting in my windowsil (I'm sure I spelled that wrong) listening to WAMU's (American University's National Public Radio station) Bluegrass H.D. radio station online and watching the rain. I would take a cloudy rainy day like this over all the sunny days in the world, because there's nothing more rejuvinating than a gentle rain. Also, umm, some sort of joke to end on... Oh! The names of the characters in &quot;The Life of David Gale&quot; are all rediculous (except for the title character); If I had a name like &quot;Bitsy Bloom&quot;, or &quot;Braxton Belyue&quot; I would be very very angry at my parents. (I recognize the fact that my name is likewise a B-B alliteration, but come on people, It's like they never went through and tried to think up realistic sounding names). Also people shouldn't have names of places, in fiction or in real life. The title of this entry had nothing to do with it's content. The end. Oh, and I've been watching old silent movies on the internets. Hooray! [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:55, 25 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I'm starting to find myself appreciating Mark Twain a lot more. --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> &quot;Whenever the literary German dives into a sentence, that is the last you are going to see of him till he emerges on the other side of his Atlantic with his verb in his mouth&quot; [[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mark_Twain]] - That explains perfectly how I feel adapting to the new word order I have to deal with here. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Something Someone Should Do a Study On: --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:17, 20 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Apparantly, bullets are becoming more expensive state-side, because of the rate developing nations are purchasing the requisite pieces of metal ([[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24725781/]]) and how many bullets the U.S. military is purchasing to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan. I wonder if homicide rates decrease as the cost of ammunition goes up? Also; it makes for an interesting point that we've been using all these resources to kill each other for so long instead of using the copper for electric-transmission lines in the developing world, and other such endeavors. Ahh well, what're you gonna do? [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:48, 21 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Upon Further Evaluation, --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:17, 20 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I just plain don't like kids. <br /> <br /> == Kids Today --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:00, 19 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> Some of the kids here seems like, crazy out of control. From the kids that their parents aren't paying attention to in the stores, to young teenagers on the bus, What is up with that? It's like they never had to face the fact that someone might kick their ass for what they're saying. Eh, just different cultures, I guess. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:00, 19 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I wonder if it was a dream --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:31, 17 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I need to do research for my &quot;Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom&quot; paper and presentation. Instead I slacked off all day and played Sonic The Hedgehog 3 on my Laptop. It seems more real than anything else I've got going on right now. I don't know what that means, but Old-School video games help me vent frustration from time to time. It rained all day, which is a convenient excuse to stay in, but chances are even if the sun had been shining the whole day I would've stayed in and sulked. I've been having a somewhat recurring theme in my dreams of late - &gt; I'm back at home, but not having completed everything here, and hating myself for it and wanting to get back here as soon as possible. I have no idea what my mind is working through with that, oh well. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 21:31, 17 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Maybe it's not for anything --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:27, 15 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I've been exercising and eating right a bit here and there, to counter balance the sort of depression I've been having over a lack of romantic involvement. Except yesterday I had a Double Cheeseburger and French Fries, and today I had Chicken Nuggets and French Fries. I was going to have a salad with tomato, olives, banana peppers, onions, iceberg lettuce, and thyme-rosemary infused vinaigrette today, but my damn lock broke and I had to go get something to eat out. I probably could've ordered something more healthy, but I needed some sort of comfort-food deal anyway, so why not go for it? At least I've been walking between 5 and 10 Kilometers per day. I am feeling better; enough to force myself to be open with someone I want but can't have. If I keep this up, I'll get some crazy idea that I can get her to change her mind or something. How is this relevant to my experiences studying abroad? I have no clue. Okay that's all I've got. I'll think of something relevant to put here some day though, I swear. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:27, 15 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Foiled Again! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:07, 15 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I broke my key trying to work the lock on the front of my apartment here. Now I've got to wait for a new one. <br /> dangit. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 23:07, 15 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == My Education --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:48, 14 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> You know what I did? I looked up &quot;Bill Bryson&quot; on Wikpedia. Turns out, he comes from the same state as Captain Kirk.<br /> Neat.<br /> <br /> Oh, I am woefully ignorant of so many things in this world.<br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:48, 14 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Architecture Minute --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:38, 14 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> This is in no way pertnent to anything, but I like the bridge on Amalienstrasse over the Hunte, it looks like something you might see in Annapolis, with all the brick and woodwork. I'm at the point though where I have to wait to hear someone talking in German to remember I'm not at home. I guess that's good. It certainly plays into my &quot;Meh, everything's mostly the same&quot; viewpoint on the world. I could explain that further, but I'm not going to. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 13:38, 14 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == This is What I do with My Life --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:30, 11 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> I spent some time reading the Wikipedia entry on German Grammar, and I'm still completely lost in my german class. (well, not completely, but I seriously am starting to feel at an impasse. I need to meet some German people to hang out with so I can start picking this up better.) I walked around town today, but nothing came of it. I hadn't read anything in a while, so over the past few days I've taken a little time to finally finish &quot;Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass&quot;. There are a few quotes I thought about putting up in my facebook profile, because I got depressed and deleted all my good quotes a few days back. It shows what I've been doing with my time that a change to my Facebook Profile is a serious consideration... anyway, I'm looking forward to having a chance to yell &quot;YES THEY DESERVED TO DIE; AND I HOPE THEY BURN IN HELL!&quot; next friday in class. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 22:30, 11 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Entertainment! --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:15, 8 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I don't like Discos. <br /> I tried to use google to find a punk-rock club here in the town, but the only links I got were to some band's myspace page, and something about some band having some show here in like, 1982. I need to see some sort of concert or something, I just prefer the vibe in a place where there's a good band playing, and most importantly some sort of pit. Somewhere where I could get some aggression out would be amazing, instead of this pop-techno-dance crap the kids in the ISO are all in to. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:15, 8 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == More Subtle Observations --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:13, 7 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> I really do wish I had a bicycle, some of the places where they've torn up the road they've made these super awesome looking little hills, it'd be all BMX like to take them. whoa. <br /> <br /> I've also been thinking about getting a tattoo, an Idea i've been toying with for a while, but never followed through on. It seems like the standard &quot;kid x-thousand miles away from home ain't gonna follow no rules by nobody!&quot; umm... well, crap, but I don't know what I would get or if my delicate skin could handle the trauma. I was thinking I would get the &quot;Starbird&quot; (The symbol of the Rebel Alliance in Star Wars) on my left arm. Mainly because I've already pretty much accepted that I'll never know a woman's touch again, so I might as well go whole-hog in playing up the power-nerd angle. <br /> <br /> In the interim;<br /> I wrote &quot;Don't Back Down&quot; on my hand to remind me to ... not back down. <br /> <br /> You know, I had something really good in my head to write for this earlier, but it has all gone away. It's because I've had something on my mind lately. And that's where it's going to stay, On my mind, unless I learn to not back down. Oh, unrequited love sucks from a mile away and from 4,000 miles away. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:13, 7 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Thoughts of the Most Deep --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:03, 7 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Dear German-Graffiti-Artists: There is a &quot;c&quot; in &quot;fuck&quot;. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 19:03, 7 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == A Smarter Man Would Have a Wittier Title --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:27, 6 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Should've bough a Bicycle. &quot;oh no, the bus pass will be enough,&quot; says I &quot;besides it's not that big a town, you can walk to the university&quot;. I am a chump, and have now probably wasted any money I could've gotten a bike with on Taxi Faire. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:27, 6 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == How I Wasted my Day --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:07, 5 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, Comedy Central here is just... bad. Like seriously awful. It's like what it was in The States before The Daily Show and South Park. <br /> <br /> Knowing that, I decided to forgo the whole &quot;sitting on the couch all day and watch T.V.&quot; jazz I had planned. I instead spent about 4 hours exploring the town, taking routes I hadn't taken before to go places I have been before. I used the maps of the bus lines as a sort-of guide to the town, and everything worked out fairly well. One of the things I enjoy about this town over most towns in which I've lived in The States is that you're never more than a block or so away from some sort of Kiosk or restaraunt or something that might be worth visiting on a day where 90% of everything isn't closed. Anyway, I killed time today walking, reading, writing, or drawing; which worked moderately well at clearing my head. So there isn't much to tell, except that I love the way the windows work here, much better than the half-fixed windows back home. Good for lettin' the fresh air in the room. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:07, 5 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == I Meant to Mention This, --[[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:21, 4 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Passion_of_Ruckus<br /> <br /> it provides an interesting perspective on the Death Penalty in the States, with something of a humorous take.<br /> There are times I really miss being able to watch this show regularly. <br /> <br /> [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 00:21, 4 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Sometimes the poor state of the American Educaton System is really really obvious to me. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:19, 3 May 2008 (CEST) ==<br /> <br /> Wow, Look at the other entries here, The only time I've felt really smart here was while explaining the theories behind Faster-Than-Light travel in Star Wars. I don't think I've ever gotten into a debate on classical literature. On the other hand though, I have had some serious debates over which fast food joints have the best burritos. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 15:19, 3 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == Exciting New Content! [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:14, 3 May 2008 (CEST) == <br /> <br /> Sometimes I get funny looks if I sing while I wait for the bus. I don't know if it's because people don't sing in public here, or if it's just because I'm a terrible singer. [[User:Bryon Burzynski|Bryon Burzynski]] 14:14, 3 May 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 13:35, 16 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Its been a while, hasn't it? Well, I forgot my adapter at school, thus I was not able to use my computer until Friday. Friday I did not write anything, because I was at school and went to a poker tournament afterward...I finished 4th and won 105Pounds...YEAH! Yesterday an old friend of mine came by, so this is actually the first opportunity to write something.<br /> Nothing much is - in fact - happening at the moment. I will have to work Monday and Tuesday and then I am on my Christmas vacation. I will leave Leeds on Wednesday in the evening and take a plane from Stansted at 7.40 in the morning. It'll most certainly be a quite tiring journey, but that's alright...I guess, since I really look forward to see my family again.<br /> The two days at school I will have to give some information on Christmas in Germany; reproducing stereotypes, re-enforcing them, overgeneralising, and so on...you get the picture. Today I will just relax on the couch and watch funny English TV.<br /> Well then,<br /> I guess I will be chattier tomorrow,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> :have fun - and thanks for the entertainment. &amp;pound; 105 - how nice of them to stay out of the Euro zone. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:54, 16 December 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 17:52, 11 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Unfortunately I am not able to write much today, because I am (fortunately)going to see a - most certainly - brilliant concert by Minus the Bear today.<br /> School was alright today. I had two of my favourite classes and the year 7 lunchclub, which is always a pleasure, since them (in Leeds you say them instead of the when you refer to people) kids are sooooo nice! The year 10 fasttrack group (i.e. they are doing their GCSE and their A-levels a year earlier), which we told that I am absolutely ignorant regarding the English language, are about to find out that I am quite alright with my English. I gonna tell them next week anyways and give them the reasons why we pretended I did not understand them. I thought that it would be good for them to overcome their shyness to talk to native speakers in the foreign language and, alas, towards a German they had to talk German, if the German claimed he did not understand a word.<br /> I realise that I made many (...) sentences today. Might be due to all the things going around my head at the moment. I will leave a longer entry tomorrow...hopefully,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 19:13, 10 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Christmas shopping...oh dear. Every year it is the same nonsense and every year I jeopardise my good intentions of not buying too much rubbish whose way of being produced is almost impossible to retrace. I will not be such a bore and go into detail how much we compromise the idea of Christmas by following our capitalistic yearnings. It I just quite interesting that there seems to be no difference between the way English and German Christmas shoppers go utterly berserk when it comes to buying the last piece of manufactured crap. The reason this similarity strikes me is not because I have perceived of the English as an entirely different culture, but I have seen them as rather reserved in their way of going about publicly visible things;i.e. if they are sober and not however involved in a sport event. Everybody you just merely touch on the street immediately apologises; any given occasion where you have to wait for anything: people form a proper cue (even if it is raining and there is no roof). For the most of you this might not be new. Neither is it to me, thus I was really surprised on the absolutely aggressive way the English handle their Christmas shopping, which is so similar to an Advent weekend in Oldenburg's pedestrian precinct.<br /> Before I went to buy presents for my dear ones, I was at school. Today I assisted in two year 11 (age 15-16), a year 10 (age 14-15) and a LOVELY year 8 (age 11-12) groups. All of these groups are - in their own ways - really nice and fun to teach. Asking the same questions over and over again, however, is not so much fun. I will not be able to lead a smalltalk conversation in Germany when I return, since I am sick and tired of questions on name, age, home, hobbies, and favourite music. Well, this is what the teachers want me to do; this is what I am being paid for; and this is what the kids are going to be tested at.<br /> <br /> I have to go now, since I am quite hungry and the Simpsons are about to begin,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> == England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 16:48, 9 December 2007 (CET) ==<br /> <br /> Nothing much has happened today, since I spent most of the day in the kitchen reading and correcting a dissertation (not a PhD Thesis) of a friend of mine. Initially I wanted to start writing things for my thesis in History, but the correction took quite a while. I also went to the Tesco nearby to get some things for the house (toiletpaper and milk etc.). Tesco is one of the biggest supermarket chains in England, and - as almost everywhere else - one is always asked for a clubcard. Quite annoying and I really don't feel like giving away my personal shopping habits, thus I do not own a club card. I am fully aware of the fact that customer anonymity is rather an illusion, but I do what I can to preserve my private sphere.<br /> I am still quite uncertain about how I will stucture my final thesis and in how far I can employ Foucault's and Bourdieu's theories, thus I decided to start of from a descriptive approach and see how far I can get from there.<br /> Tomorrow I will be working at school again. I work on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays, so I have some sort of a &quot;mid-week second weekend&quot; which is quite nice, so I can go to concerts or play poker tournaments in a nearby casino. My work basically includes preparing games or other small speaking activities for the pupils and walking around the classroom and helping with exercises. It is quite alright t work like this and the loan is fairly decent.<br /> I will head home at the 20th and stay at my mom's place. Christmas obligations and seeing my family are the main reasons for that. I do look forward to say &quot;moin&quot; again to people without being looked at as if I were some kind of major weirdo. Mostly all of the other assistants are from southern Germany, so they do not know how to communicate adequately :)<br /> As I have said before, nothing much has happened and my thoughts on my final thesis cannot be discussed here, thus I conclude with wishing all of you all the best,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> ==England, the two-taps Country, [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 16:49, 8 December 2007 (CET)==<br /> Well then, Blog... dunno really how to do this. I have recently found out about myself that I tend to find out about how to do a thing before I do it. Before I cook, I consult a cookbook or a recipe; before I write something academic, I read theories and theories about the topic; thus, I should actually have read something about how to blog, before I began writing this...but i decided I won't.<br /> So you will have to cope with my blog as it is and if I do not write in agreement to the rules for blogging, i.e. if there are any, well, bear with me.<br /> It is already more than two months ago that I left Oldenburg and went to Leeds. ''The'' major advantage for me, in comparison to other exchange students or foreign language assistants (FLA), was that I already knew somebody here. I had met Naomi three years ago on a surfing trip to Biarritz and we stayed in touch since. As soon as I heard about my provisional implacement in Leeds (where she studies contemporary dance) I texted her and she offered to live in her house, since there was a vacant room.<br /> <br /> Alright, Leeds it is!!! Leeds as a city is fairly difficult to describe. It has, as most English cities, these brick, terraced houses, which I am particularly fond of. Leeds will most certainly never become a touristy place like York or other cities where you can go sight-seeing. There are, apart from some exceptions like the Town hall, few pompous buildings that people can take pictures of. Leeds' architectural charm is rather subtle. If one looks up to the houses' gables, one can find a very nice Victorian touch. One can see little variations in most of their architectural style, the applications used, etc. Generally speaking, Leeds seems to quite suiting for my aesthetic preferences. Leeds is one of the cities in Yorkshire which grew rapidly during the Industrialisation. I really like things that show men's manipulation, thus a city with the 'fingerprint' of the industrial revolution meets my gusto.<br /> <br /> I will end with these impressions now,<br /> <br /> cheers<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;!--no editing beyond this line, put latest entry on top--&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/img/2007_london_detail.jpg<br /> <br /> <br /> |width=45% align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]]: The other side I, Friday, 28th November 2008==<br /> Today a student from kazakhstan with an anxiety disorder wrote me an email that she wouldn't come to my course next time cause she left her husband and spend every night at a different place. I asked her to give me a call but she didn`t. Unfortunatly I don`t have her mobile phone number and it doesn't seem to make much sense calling her at home. Tuesday another student with an engrafted kidney that doesn't work anymore came in asking for some psychological support. I was quite irritated how calm he was and so far away from what we call a &quot;Notfall&quot;. I asked him several times if he wants to talk to someone immediately but he just filled in the registration. Maybe people with a chronic illness get used to it. I still have to learn a lot... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 18:20, 28 November 2008 (UTC)<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Book or...book?, Friday,4th July,2008==<br /> <br /> Hmmm something is wrong...it is Friday night and I am totally bored sitting at home. I even think all my assignments and exams are easy; the following week...everyone else is losing himself/herself in stress and panics...I feel as if I am sitting on the sinking Titanic and watching the shiny stars of the night...cause I know I will not fail any course this semester.<br /> <br /> A bit lost in myself and dreams I try to handle the question if I should publish my novel or my poetry first...both will anyway be loads of work before it is ready to take the step into a bad world of existance. ''Dishonesty'' (the title of my novel) needs lots of grammar corrections and even the structure does not satisfy me...as this ''masterpiece'' is a work about my past I would like to finish it as quick as possible. <br /> And the collection of the poems would also need to be done but would be less work as it is not as much work of thinking as in the novel...though this easy-going is a bit underestimated. I finally broke the record of 200 poems...well, exactly 202 (not that I am counting but...well, I did). <br /> My style change in the last ten poems is slightly a new character trait of me, it seems, so I also would need to give a nice mix of styles in the book.<br /> <br /> So as I am done with writing the (not) daily nonsense I am going to watch a horror movie now.<br /> <br /> Cheerz<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Time, Wednesday,18th June,2008==<br /> <br /> Wow it is a miracle I even find the time to breath...burried under masses of paper...assignments, essays, poetry and short stories...in Englisch, Dutch, Arabic and German.<br /> I do not plan 24 hours in advance as something always gets in between.<br /> I just finished another task and may continue writing my latest short story now. I will put some parts of it on my blog site though it needs some drastic correction in times and grammar.<br /> The artistic thought anyway only counts.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: E..m..o..t..i..o..n..s, Tuesday,10th June,2008==<br /> <br /> Has been a while that I came across writing in here...honestly some things are a little too private to put it in here....and sometimes there only happen private things in life.<br /> After an emotional weekend in the Netherlands I am not sure where I stand right now...Besides yesterday I was so deeply tired...not surprising as I arrived at station at midnight and walked the whole way (some kilometers) from station to home...watching the beautiful moon at that time and the shouting of the football fans in the background.<br /> Not even the good mark in Literature gave me a kinda comforting feeling of home today.<br /> I started reading Bill Bryson's ''The mother tongue''...true fun...of English language...compared to some other languages just as German, French, Italian and Spanish...Russian now and then.<br /> I even bought ''A short History of Nearly Everything'' though I have read it some years ago...but in German.<br /> When I gonna find the time to read all those books fully is written in the stars...I still did not finish an interesting detective story of the time of Henry VIII.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Roses are...white, Thursday,29th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The heat of the south has finally reached the North.<br /> Just had a short walk through the city and honestly the beautiful masses of roses I liked very much. Through the heat the scent is deafening but sometimes we anyway need to use different senses.<br /> I passed the shop with the pianos and stood there for a while...listening to the quiet classic music. Honestly now and then I think only I can hear this music because it is so...well, unfortunately only a few people like classic music.<br /> As I sat there I just thought how much I miss playing an instrument...pity, I never learned playing the piano, still I can appreciate the soft music. My connection to music in general got strange shapes which I cannot identify...a sign of imbalance!?<br /> In the bus I heard some students talking about their lack of motivation...out of what reason ever. Motivation is only a matter of mind and mind can change always,quickly. <br /> The semester is not over yet and I kinda fear the end as it will be loads of work...studying...learn...thinking...keeping all that things in mind which you actually probably will never need again in life.<br /> Hmmm as contradicting as I am I thought I gonna wear only blue clothes today as the sky is grey.<br /> Wish full thinking...that may come true at weekend as in the East it will be better...more blue and more sun.<br /> <br /> Well, anyway enjoy the nice weather...and the scent of thirsty roses.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Anima Libera, Tuesday,27th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Last night my window was open and I heard the trees whispering...the leaves moving strongly with the wind.<br /> I felt this sound was familar but it took me a while to finally remember: the trees in Italy moved exactly the same way last summer.<br /> The huzzling was irritating as I was used to it from every side and not only from one.<br /> With that weather the time and place of ''Ti Sento'' and ''Anima Libera'' are far away; still obviously not distant enough. <br /> Unfortunately I wont go there this year...as far as planned...this year seems anyway a little weird as I dont travel to my favourite places in Europe...Italy and England...their beauty still remain in my heart...instead I go to USA and Netherlands. My parents also asked me if I wanted to join them for a one day trip to Prag...a moment passed till I could answer them cause I immediately thought of Rome. God knows how I link Prag to Rome in my head...<br /> I back off a little when it is about travelling to the east of Europe.<br /> Only in those few moments of preparing travels I realize how much free I actually am.<br /> <br /> And what am I doing with all this freedom?<br /> <br /> Will eat ice cream before I'm leaving for the lectures!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A smooth evening, Sunday,25th May,2008==<br /> <br /> There is rarely anything better than a rainy evening and Marlene Dietrich in the background...Earl Grey with milk and sugar. The end of the day could not be much better.<br /> Besides the happiness that I finished the assignment some hours ago...had some more calls with my parents...talked with them about pets.<br /> I miss my cats and Daisy (my dog). Lately our black cat catches many birds...he is actually a little old to discover his animal instinct.<br /> I even miss my brother...as I kinda feel like a second mother for him but I know I decided for all this...though I had the possibility to study in Leipzig I wanted to come here to live my life the way I wanted...an experience which will shape my existance.<br /> <br /> Enjoy the drizzle!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A long article, Saturday,24th May,2008==<br /> <br /> As I am finally a poetess again (and the engraving looks wonderful) I can finally continue writing.<br /> This week was so busy with other things: I talked to people who seemed a good part of my way on destiny.<br /> At Friday I went to the publisher house to ask for an internship and I was surprised what that guy there told me...lines like ''When you wanna do something, dont ask for it, Do it!'' were kind of enlightening to me.<br /> He showed me so many possibilities and ideas of projects that I felt reborn after his talk...besides I told him about my book and maybe I can let it print.<br /> Never ever before in my life someone gave me such a chance...to make my art live...to blow a sense of living into it so that it can exist...though it may not be perfect...this incident just respects the beauty of a simple thing being.<br /> Even essays and other university stuff is all good for printing and I hope in future some more students will take the chance to let their works print cause...being honest, it always looks cool when you can write on your CV that you wrote a book or ''published'' your work (even if it is ''only'' an essay).<br /> Though I was badly tired from the whole week (and this assignment,not worth mentioning) I got up early this morning and went to a football game of some international students. To me (as to many other women too) the game was a side way thingy...I was more interested in the kind of English they were speaking...infact they were talking in three languages: English, German and French.<br /> Can't say which language I hate most...English I deeply love...German is my mother tongue and well, French...is another matter.<br /> The African English is only a real matter of getting used to it...how they stretch words and that they say a straight ''t'' instead of ''th''...can be funny with the word ''teeth''.<br /> As I was bored during the game and there were now and then ''silent'' periods I called my mother.<br /> Sure after the holidays she was into total stress but surprisingly she told me about some jobs (jobs that usually are offered in a teachers forum). Jobs about some diplomatic work in New York or Asia...such jobs were for graduated studuents with two languages (like me...).<br /> I think the fact that she saw such possibilities for me after the studies gave her a little hope I will survive in this world...later can do something with my studies.<br /> Well, the article is long enough now and I need to still look for some dark skinned models for my writing project...so...<br /> <br /> Cheerz!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Hmmmm the beginning, Wednesday,21st May,2008==<br /> <br /> Now and then I realize I am still a stranger to myself...surprise myself and hate myself.<br /> As I gave my favourite pen away for an engraving I live without writing poetry for a week...such a harsh restriction of life!<br /> Friday is anyway coming closer and as I just saw my assignment for this week I suppose my head will be busy anyway with something else.<br /> Lately my hands force me to write; simply only at the times when I read Shakespeare.<br /> Trying to copy his style can be very much fun...especially cause of the language...as it is so different from the modern English there are more ways to bring language out of order.<br /> As I was badly sentimental yesterday (and I had nothing to do - no internet connection) I remembered why I actually started writing English poetry.<br /> I memorized: it actually started with some simple words...simple enough for a girl of 17.<br /> Once I tried writing a German poem; was condemned to fail badly and I did not keep it....all the other sheets of paper of English poems I kept in a big folder.<br /> <br /> Why I never developped a strong love to German language? <br /> <br /> ...as it is my mother tongue that would have been close.<br /> <br /> Also the deep reason why I truly started writing is not clear to me yet...before, I began writing a German story...some twenty pages with mainly dialogue....not worth mentioning infact.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Modern society, Tuesday,20th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Tuesday morning starts lazy...at least not as yesterday...when I had the feeling that something bad is going to happen.<br /> After my first lecture I went to city to get some pencils...I smiled at the salesmen when they stared at me...while asking: ''What for you need a pencil to write on skin?''<br /> They all did not understand it at all...neither the artistic aspect of my plans...so, unfortunately there was no pencil for my needs.<br /> Gonna keep looking for special pencils...desperately, as my only true lovely pencil I will get back at Friday.<br /> While I was waiting for the bus, I used my time very well: watching the people around.<br /> It did not even shock me somehow when suddenly two girls started running around...stopped in front of me and took out a bottle of perfume to make their surrounding smell a bit better.<br /> Hardly I could avoid coughing.<br /> Maybe I should add: the girls were maximum 10!<br /> They did not even look like little girls: short skirts, lipstick...I swear they were wearing more make-up than I did in my whole lifetime.<br /> I thought to myself: that is so different from my hometown...so it cannot be part of German culture (and I know what true culture is: my mother is head teacher of a school in East Germany)<br /> In the end we need to accept people as they are...cause we cant change them anyway.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Grey in grey, Friday,16th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The only thing that's shining this morning is the honey on my toast.<br /> Sugar wakes me up...although my mother somehow got it wrong yesterday.She sent me a package full of chocolate. I still thanked her on phone and wished her a nice journey to Egypt...when I look at the sky today I wish I would be there,too.<br /> Not only for sun...but also for learning Arabic in its natural surroundings.<br /> I always wished I could be anywhere else...just not in Germany.<br /> Well,anyway...Did you ever have the feeling that someone who is looking at you can look right through you...directly into your heart...sees everything of you...good and evil....past and future...pleasure and pain!?<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: ''Poetry on the Road'', Thursday,15th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Honestly I was really much irritated when a friend of mine told me today that in Bremen is some kind of exposition.<br /> Why I did not hear about it?<br /> Well, I took her note to me as a sign and plan to go to Bremen tomorrow...to ''Poetry on the road''. <br /> It seems very much cool even though there's the risk they may only read German poetry....the differences between an Arabic poet and a Dutch poet is surely interesting to hear and read.<br /> That nice evening might be also a good change of my evening program.<br /> Poetry is always worth reading; doesnt matter what language!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A short moment in life, Wednesday,14th May,2008==<br /> <br /> The evening sun softly touches my cheeks and I feel her warmth so close to my heart.<br /> A tremendous silence covers my ears....no German sound...no sound of any foreign language.<br /> Just my inner voice and the peace of myself.<br /> The bus stops...a traffic light makes me open my eyes. Dream is over.<br /> I look through the small space of the bus. Some women stare at me as if I come from another planet. My face may have looked like an excotic animal.<br /> Did they not feel what I felt?<br /> Time to get out of here.<br /> I am walking again to continue my journey.<br /> Where it will lead me to is not certain but who cares about destination when the way is so beautiful.<br /> A short moment of my attention to you, my Self.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: The right side, Monday,12th May,2008==<br /> <br /> I just had the first ice cream of this year and it feels fantastic.<br /> My new poetry homepage is also online already...though the layout is awful.<br /> I will try to put the old and latest poetry of mine on there but it may take a while.<br /> Besides lately I struggle again with all the languages...the Dutch studies are easy and the English seems to finally be on a higher level...but the Arabic is just getting out of my control...just little.<br /> Although Arabic is the easiest language I learned so far it has a logic which you need to feel into and not only learn.<br /> Last week has been really one of my most inspirational weeks of my ''carreer''.<br /> I wrote 7 poems in one week...even good poetry wow...there were lots of troubles in me; still I handled them pretty well.<br /> Maybe I become an adult...slowly, unintentionally; even though I will keep fighting to stay on the right side....whatever the right side is!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: What is artful poetry?, Friday,9th May,2008==<br /> <br /> With a tough week behind and in front of me I am right between two different virtues of the day.<br /> At first I wanna mention that I am definitely not satisfied with the reult of my poetry assignment!<br /> My way of writing may not have been the best; so was expressing my ideas...but still it was an attempt to understand Percy's poetry.<br /> Well,anyway I am looking ahead with a new idea of a deeply artful video in my head and some recorded poetry (from which I do not know yet how to put that sound online)<br /> With that bothering thoughts I will go sleep now.<br /> Cheerz Angelz!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Spring and every year the same, Sunday,4th May,2008==<br /> <br /> Sometimes we just cannot say what we wanted to say for so long.<br /> Sometimes we cannot sing and dance because we lack courage.<br /> And then, sometimes we cannot breath standing so close next to a tree who should actually offer oxygen.<br /> <br /> Now we know it's spring.<br /> Last week I had a talk with a British poet and it was amazing to see how he can express his feelings, certainly love, in different poems. We compared one poem he wrote in winter time with a poem he wrote just a week back...the difference was obvious...<br /> And this case of love and spring and...it just makes me think.<br /> I could not get the story out of my head that he fell in love with a violinist half his age.<br /> When other people and bus stations and train stations passed by I thought: Why it never works when artists fall in love with each other? (Besides that nobody actually knows what ''Love'' is...must be a big word when we use it so often)...<br /> <br /> Why nobody usually falls in love with a poet?<br /> <br /> Why is this love only kept away and never real?<br /> <br /> Are artists so much different that they wont get into the love pattern?<br /> <br /> Cause of all those questions I hated spring so far...but instead of hate I gonna try to face the questions this year.<br /> That might be the worst moment of facing my problems...or the best...as my mind and my body too, is very much imbalanced lately.<br /> That is the reason why I feel ''high'' sometimes...I am the only person in this city who can actually feel high without any kind of drugs.<br /> It is only a matter of mind!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: A new enlightment, Tuesday,22nd April,2008==<br /> <br /> After the closest soul to me told me straight forward that giving my opinion is useless. I was deeply offended...angry and depressed...my little (poetic) ego got hurt.<br /> But he was right!<br /> When I saw some people having a talk about politics of several countries in this world I felt simply bored...everyone gave his opinion and where did that lead us to?<br /> Answer: Back to the beginning...to no aim...not even to nowhere.<br /> So I was thinking and wondering what could impress (or keep the people from sleeping)?<br /> Frankly, a clear answer I couldnt find so far. <br /> Scandals are always popular...to me the real scandal of religion is obvious but certainly with explaining only the way I see it I cant hit the point. (Maybe a reason why I will never be able to study journalism)<br /> Though I knew my last articles (entries) were just nonsense I still wrote them. <br /> Perhaps as a bad example...for you to make it better...to rise to a better level of discussing a topic.<br /> I shall see it as a simple matter of practice.<br /> Words can be powerful to some extend...but only to those who really are on the same level as the writer. <br /> With some billions of people on earth and many different levels the chances of getting someone to read a totally unknown book (site) are small.<br /> <br /> Only words that get criticed are true valuable words.<br /> <br /> Well, anyway, I am still trying to get rid of a few questions which occured in my head already some weeks ago...mostly about William Blake.<br /> As I cleared the theme of religion so far...I went back to the basic of Blake's ''Milton''...to Milton himself.<br /> <br /> What was so fascinating about Milton?<br /> <br /> Surely with Blake no one can get away from religion...<br /> I just peeked into some books written by Milton...for example ''Paradise Lost''...a pretty nice story of paradise and how easy it is to lose good things...even his prose was well written I admit. <br /> Still at every corner I faced an innocent topic covered by a religious background.<br /> Unfortunately I did not have time to look into some books about Blake's and Milton's time to get a clear picture of both of them.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Blinded, Monday,14th April,2008==<br /> <br /> After I handled the time travelling as well as possible and planned my internship in India I came across an irritating fact...though ''Jerusalem'' is already a religious symbol itself...<br /> <br /> Why I did not see all the other religious terms in Blake's ''Milton''?<br /> <br /> I mean, it is really obvious...the words like ''god'' and ''satanic'' or ''heaven''.<br /> As far as I remember even no one in the lecture noticed the religious aspects before the lecturer said so.<br /> How is it possible that religion can be so deeply hidden towards the mind?<br /> To the people of the 19th century it must have been even more obvious as (I dare to say) they were more religious than we, students, today.<br /> I always wonder about the aspects of religion. Frankly I am totally against any kind of religion....philosophy and some kind of spiritual theories: yes, but religion (with a holy book, monuments and rituals) is, in my eyes, <br /> the deepest disillusionment humanity ever got into!<br /> At first I need to say that I accept and understand every religion in existence.<br /> Still religion is nothing scientific...Isn't it?<br /> My character traits always allow me to accept everything and especially those things which I cant see but it always shocked me last week when many of my friends told me they take lectures in ''Religion''...<br /> What is there to analyse about?<br /> I am always open for enlightenment but just as long as it follows a certain logic.<br /> <br /> Is believing in a supernatural power a logic?<br /> <br /> Is going to church (or praying in a temple), falling on your knees, stretching your arms up to the ceiling something you have to do to reach a higher state of understanding?<br /> <br /> Is living a strict and regulated life a path to enlightenment?<br /> <br /> I confess I am not wise enough to answer those questions but a priest couldn’t do either.<br /> <br /> Honestly, people who forsake the faith in science...became totally blinded by faith itself.<br /> Maybe academics are obsessed by Shakespeare...being obsessed by weird ideas of the creation of our earth and mankind without any slight scientific proof (like: In the beginning God (prepared, formed, fashioned, and) created the heavens and the earth.) is even worse.<br /> As a student's spoken judgement of religion rarely reaches someone in this world it may echo in words.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Time travelling in literature, Wednesday,9th April,2008==<br /> <br /> So long ago that I even cannot remember how many errors I've put into my last blogentries.<br /> ''Holidays'' passed very quick and I tried to not forget about literature and art...surely not forget poetry.Though I did not write lots of poetry lately (four or five maximum) I collected ideas very carefully...so I planned a collection of poetry called ''The Journey of the Phoenix''...Yeah, it could be a little too simple to name the collection like this but...poetry lives also through a certain degree of recognization.<br /> The lecture yesterday just inspired me little...it just put me back into a time that I can hardly understand...19th century is nice but my mind is still with another time...16./17. century...At weekend I went shopping and accidently a book with the title ''Shakespeare'' by Bill Bryson fell into my hands. I recommend this book even when you do not care about Shakespeare...Those who know B. Bryson also know what his funny writing style is like. <br /> He desecribes the England of Shakespeare's time and some details are very much interesting...especially the things about London...which might be important to us as we will read ''Antony and Cleopatra''.<br /> I felt step by step a picture of London built up in my head while reading Brysons book.<br /> Still the book reminds me that we actually know nothing about Shakespeare's life...everything just speculation...Bryson calls it ''academic obsession''...very true!<br /> The problem I've got now is...jumping from 16th century to 19th century without anything in between. Perhaps a problem I created by myself...and it will get worse...because soon we will go back in time...to Shakespeare. Maybe this is even one of the problems which needs to be solved to handle literature in future.<br /> Anyway,still I enjoy William Blake's poetry, his world he has surely built up with words.<br /> Desperately answering the four questions about the poem did not bring us further in interpretation...in understanding. That is why you better read <br /> Milton [http://www.bibliomania.com/0/2/81/195/frameset.html]completely and not only the preface of the book.<br /> ''Jerusalem'' is one brick of a big house and you cannot know its function before you did not see the whole picture.<br /> By the way, pictures...Milton is half poetry...half painted art so it is worth having a look at the painted part.<br /> Mixing two kinds of art is pretty interesting...you have to think in many different directions,still you move your thoughts in limits that are given by the artists ideas.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Aftermath, Thursday,25th January,2008==<br /> <br /> After recovering from the test life seem to go on normally.<br /> The test definitely did not show all my knowledge...the whole wide field of literature. <br /> How can I measure so many lectures against 60 minutes of a test!?<br /> When I prepared the test I stumbled across the broader meaning of this lecture and the historical development of...fiction, drama and poetry. In the end it is simply logic that we first got a broad view on literature itself and then were taking a closer look at the main genres of literature.And I think I also understood (after I ignored the half sentence in the last lecture we had) why poetry only got one lecture and drama two lectures: it simply has something to do with the historical development.<br /> Enough of the test!<br /> <br /> When I came back from my home town to Oldenburg ( a pleasant travel of seven hours) I had to think about this week. Frankly it is a week which will check how strong my love to English language is. <br /> This is not about failing or passing the literature test or the pronunciation test tomorrow; such flat reasons would never make me worry.<br /> It is more linked to my own limits. <br /> <br /> Does love ever have limits!?<br /> <br /> Well,I think this philosophical question is a little too heavy for me.<br /> I better turn to another problem which will hunt me possibly till summer time: the internship we need to do.<br /> It is almost impossible to get an internship...a good one, I mean...not making coffee or copying thousand of pages.<br /> Half a year before the internship starts is just too less time but to someone in the first semester it is simply impossible to get an internship one year before.<br /> And surely no one cares about my work of six weeks in Italy. Though we only need to do an internship for THREE weeks we would need to show them that we worked at least three MONTH. Some bureaucracy is not logical and this is definitely one of it!<br /> As someone who seeks an internship I don’t even expect a payment but at least a good experience which I wont have when I continue trying to find an internship in Germany.<br /> Even abroad the tendency of finding a good place is going into zero.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Poetry as an underestimated ability of our society, Wednesday,9th January,2008==<br /> <br /> Out of physical reasons I had problems to follow the lecture but still my curiosity made me attend it.<br /> I was badly disappointed...The lecture definitely lacked passion and love for poetry. <br /> I saw Mr. Kirchhofer trying badly to bring it close to the students...I even admit it is so hard to show a dozen students what poetry is...what it carries and what it feels to be a poet.<br /> I should have known before that it is almost impossible to get the topic clear. <br /> The first five minutes of the lecture I listened attentively...as in the first lecture of this semester I almost cried (out of another reason) but...the words were getting slower and slower and I was just bored. Surely Poetry demands some respect and even silence sometimes, nevertheless Jerusalem is not a silent poem and he didnt even show it to us...we only listened T.S. Eliot's tired voice. I do not have any further words for this drama which I watched yesterday.<br /> Poetry never ever bored me in my life!<br /> And I see it as some kind of offense that the single lecture of Poetry was wasted that sadly!<br /> Furthermore, ignoring ''Jerusalem'' was not a wise step of the lecturer...''Jerusalem'' is very much understandable (by language and style) and it was only mentioned. But the more complex and senseless (no sense which was obvious to the students sleeping behind me) ''Wasteland'' was simply a wrong step.<br /> Poetry is not necessarily a relic of ancient times. It is very present in our society. Maybe not everyone knows that there are sessions called 'Poetry Slams'. So called ''poets'' start rhyming spontaneously about a given topic.<br /> I need to confess that such slams are not my favourite way of showing poetry to the public but I guess it would ,at least, arise some students interest in the topic.<br /> <br /> Maybe in future our lecturers plan a poetry slam and we will see how much the new style of poetry will fascinate us.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Poetry as an underestimated ability of our society, Monday,7th January,2008==<br /> <br /> Monday evening ends with some controversial thoughts about the linguistic 'homework' and music by Patricia Kaas in the background (forcing my dislike for France into deeper roots).<br /> Anyway, my thoughts about the poetic session tomorrow froze during Christmas and it's slowly heating up again.<br /> I am still ashamed of myself that I seem to be the only one who took the more complicated text by Robert Markley to make an excerpt. Still I dont regret it...I love the 18th century and some things written by Markley were quite new to me: as an example Newton couldnt prove his theories by experiments.He just wrote down what he thought is right. (Our world order would be up side down when every scientist does that)<br /> Well, there is an even worse shame but this one is not mine. <br /> <br /> How is it possible that there is only one lecture about poetry!?<br /> <br /> I hope it's not a simple mistake. So I may think it has a concrete reason.<br /> When I link this reason to my basic question 'What is(was) poetry?' then I partly feel on the right way. I am pretty bad in math but as I see this case it should be calculated that way : poetry = drama/opera -&gt; and this leads to the solution that we only concentrate on drama (where we wasted two lectures).<br /> There is another fact which I want to complain about: the choice of poems!<br /> How are such choices made?<br /> 'Wasteland' was a good choice, no doubt, but (although I love the poem deeply) 'Jerusalem' is just taking too much time to be understood in its infinite roots. Actually we should read 'Milton' too and then need to understand Blake's philosophy.<br /> With hope for changes and fear that the lecturer will judge my existence as a poet I curiously look forward to the lecture tomorrow.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Art as violence...or artistic violence?, Friday, 21st December, 2007==<br /> <br /> This will be the last entry of the year 2007 and so far I am very satisfied with my studies and the literature.<br /> Still there are the traces of the last lecture lurking in my head.<br /> Besides that I was mostly not concentrated because I have read and analysed Wycherley's ''Country Wife'' already before...I was interested in the violence in Bond's ''Saved''. Well, I need to admit I didnt read that book but still...it seems the cruel death of a baby describes ''violence'' best.<br /> Isn't death...violence ...I may mention saddism and masochism as well...that what makes art so special!?<br /> Feeling pity and pleasure. Such lines might be dangerous in public but still ...as you see in many examples of literature...violence sells just as sexual pleasures do.<br /> Maybe it's not at all the act of violence itself which attracts us but the death.<br /> In my opinion it's very positive when we think and confront ourselves with the topic ''death''...and especially during art, so in an indirect way, we get the positive aspects of death and can imagine what will happen to us when we will die.<br /> Well, When I heard the words ''violence in art'' I immediately thought of Francis Bacon (No, not the philosopher and politician of the 17th century)...I mean the saddistic,masochistic painter Francis Bacon.<br /> I watched a movie about him a while back and there was a scene when he imagined that a family had a car crash and every member of the family was lying dead on the road...to Bacon this scene was simple art in its purest shape!<br /> I could never forget the adoration he has put in that saddistic and pathetic love to death.<br /> With those words about a special perspective of art I will wish you a pleasant Christmas time and a joyful new year 2008!<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: William Blake, Tuesday, 14th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> In regard of my preparation for the next lectures I noticed something very interesting.<br /> Well, T.S. Eliot's poem is quite long indeed and divided into different parts with different contents.I have read ''The Waste Land'' or some people also call it ''The wasteland'' (I suppose because this is the original title)...a month ago when I was looking through the list of things we need to read.<br /> It is an interesting poem for sure but right now I would prefer to keep my impressions of William Blake in here.<br /> <br /> I just read ''Jerusalem'' some minutes ago.I like poems who are short and still would keep every student busy for many many years.<br /> ''Jerusalem'' is one of those poems and as Mr. Blake has been a painter too he also made some wonderful paintings of this topic.<br /> As I went through some of the books in library I found some other poems by him.One strange and still fascinating word caught my eyes.<br /> It was the word ''Albion''.<br /> I looked it up in a normal dictionary.I couldnt find any entry.<br /> Well, I looked it up in an older dictionary of the origins of words. There I found only an entry about the beginning of Albion but with a question mark. That confused me even more.<br /> Curiously I continued seeking the meaning of this fascinating word...On the internet I found the answer which could only partly satisfy me.<br /> <br /> As William Blake has been very deep into mythology he used it in his works.<br /> In fact Albion has different meanings. It's said that Albion is an old celtic word which describes the Islands of Great Britain.<br /> And in regard of Blake's writings it's a figure of Greek mythology. Albion is the Giant son of the Greek sea god Poseidon.<br /> Albion founded a country on the British Isles and ruled this country.He is divided into ''Four Zoas''(in fact good and bad virtues).<br /> <br /> Of course,Albion is not mentioned in the poem ''Jerusalem'' but this knowledge about the interest of Greek mythology by Blake might help us to get the meaning of ''Jerusalem''.<br /> <br /> I refrain from giving my opinion at this moment.There should be still some excitement and surprise left for the weekend and tuesday.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: Shakespeare's heritage, Tuesday, 11th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> Actually I already tried to sleep but I couldnt...there was the thought of the today's lecture...<br /> Yes,that was a lecture which I liked and needed after three weeks.<br /> It felt as if Shakespere's ghost was watching us...quietly but not in peace.<br /> Sometimes I felt as if I saw some scenes of his life at the grey wall...at those moments my mind was drifting away from the words which were said...dirfting to the 16th and 17th century.<br /> <br /> When the lecturer showed pictures of the Globe theatre in London my heart filled with pride cause once I was standing there...on this stage; not as an actress but as a curious poetic student who felt Shakespeare's spirit there stronger than today.<br /> <br /> There is one question which really does not want to leave my mind: <br /> How can a poor man ,as Shakespeare has been, write such plays?<br /> Yes, thats the question!...<br /> <br /> As I see writing (or in this case dramas) as a part of the great field art...I can see Shakespeare as an artist and every artist puts his soul into his creation.<br /> Of course, there is no doubt that Shakespeare has put some heart in all these plays...but today it is definitely almost undoubtly impossible to prove who Shakespeare really was.<br /> <br /> Shamefully artists mostly become famous after their death...that leaves the question : Whats the difference between a dead famous author and a living famous author?<br /> Well, definitely the money to spend and the joy linked to it...BUT when an author gets rich during his live time...then something must be wrong. <br /> Art takes a lot of time to develop ...and with ''develop'' I dont mean the different editions or prints or kinds of performance...No!<br /> <br /> I mean, the sensitivity of our society.<br /> <br /> As we also heard today...Drama is mostly living through social phenomenas.<br /> With society, Drama changes...art changes.<br /> And this change made Shakespeare a wealthy man already during his life time!<br /> <br /> Those who carefully listened today know that Shakespeare lived in a time of change...but,oh, what a drastic change!?<br /> From joy and lovely plays to cruelity,violence and hate.<br /> <br /> As we know that clearvoyants dont exist...we can see Shakespeare as a very lucky,and even clever, man of this changing times.<br /> He knew how to handle the changes and how to bring them on the stage.<br /> <br /> Maybe that's the reason why we shall respect this gentleman and his works of such ancient time.<br /> <br /> ==[[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]]: On Poetry, Tuesday, 11th December, 2007==<br /> <br /> Last weekend I went through the complexity of Wycherley's ''The Country Wife''.It was not as simple as I thought...though it is definitely a funny play I had my problems with forcing all thoughts into an excerpt.<br /> I could talk about this Comedy for some hours...every little detail seems to be important but...still we are not allowed to write a whole essay about it.<br /> The last two lectures of Literature honestly...how to say it...bored me.<br /> The topic 'novel' is definitely not my favourite one and I am glad that we continue with Shakespeare today and with Wycherley next week.<br /> Desperately I try to write the excerpt and other things before Christmas days.I see I will never succeed. It just already took me too long to write the first excerpt. <br /> It's some kind of shame that we only can use one text of the two for the excerpt. I was really interested what Markley said in this ''Rise of Nothing'' and when the teacher puts one text already on the site then the fairness should allow that the second text is there too.<br /> Well,maybe it's only a matter of planning and a matter of time which I learned in here is more complicated than anywhere else.<br /> I cant even plan some kind of holidays for two weeks because I never know when I will write tests (so called Klausur) in the free time after the semester.<br /> So,one is chained to this place and the studies for three years.<br /> But some things cant wait for three years.<br /> I need time to publish my book...to correct the mistakes first and then find someone who publishes it.<br /> I need time to write poetry and besides all this I need time to write all the other things which the teachers want me to write.<br /> That reminds me that Literature cant be that boring...because I never had time to write a poem during that lecture.<br /> Though it definitely is an enrichment to my knowledge and my poetry.<br /> I will see what's said about Shakespeare today and will lean back to enjoy the words about this great gentleman.<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, Wednesday, 21st November, 2007==<br /> <br /> Somehow in the lecture yesterday there was a deep unrest in the room...It was pretty hard to concentrate on the lecturers words.<br /> I tried to be specially attentive because sometimes it happens that I turn my back to the topic 'Novel'. <br /> I am an author myself and it's also interesting to see the roots of Novels...at least there is the same mess of names as in Poetry.<br /> But frankly my thoughts are still with a totally different word...<br /> Already at last weekend, when I had a look at the topic 'The Rise of the Novel' the word 'Rise' made me think.<br /> Obviously some students expected to hear about the total beginning of the Novel...(Oh sometimes we wish it would be so simple in history...get an exact day and exact name of the author and exact name of the title...We would keep it all in mind...write it down in the written test and get our perfect mark for it.)Nevertheless we shall be glad that history is not that simple...so we can open a debate about everything.<br /> Well, back to the rise...I would like to copy the definition of the word I found in my dictionary: rise,rising,rose,risen :1 to get up from a lying,sitting,or kneeling position; 2 to move from a lower to a higher position or place.<br /> That may be enough as a definition of this word.So rising is not the beginning though ''a lying position' can also be some kind of beginning. So now I suppose the rise is meant to be the beginning of the debate about Novels. <br /> So what was before Robinson Crusoe? Novels, romances, dramas!? All together!?<br /> <br /> Maybe Robinson Crusoe deserves an own category of literature...It's not a typical romance neither a typical novel. Perhaps that was the special trick of DeFoe's writing...it looks as if it is a romance and shocks the readers with its signs of a novel(in my eyes that's what makes a book interesting: special elements of writing which differ from every other book of the past.)<br /> We try to force the book into a category...instead of having endless discussions about which category it belongs to ,we can keep it easy and give it an own category. <br /> It would demand some more work and confusion to invent some more categories of literature but it may help us in our discussion.<br /> <br /> Mr. Simons mentioned another point which attached my attention immediately...female authors! <br /> I honestly doubt that we shall put Robinson Crusoe into this area ...so called proto novels most prominently by female authors(third version). Female authors deserve a special seperated part of literature.<br /> Perhaps a good point to seperate the rise from novels written by men from the rise of novels written by women. The problem we just face here again when we start dividing and dividing...we can also continue cutting the writers into seperations (rich or poor; educated or uneducated (in the time we are talking about there rich and educated was definitely linked))<br /> <br /> Before I close this article I may find some more words about the end of the lecture (the questioning time)<br /> The audience laughed about Mr.Simons word ''higher educated readership''. What was there to laugh about?<br /> At university we are part of a higher educated readership and it's indeed a part of our lecture to differ between fictional and non-fictional writings.<br /> Of course,it takes a lot of reading till we really can see what's true and what's fiction but with every book (mostly modern novels-the topic of our following lectures) we get a little closer to this aim.<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 11:50, 21 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, Wednesday, 14th November, 2007==<br /> <br /> Here we go...at a cold cold Wednesday night...Recovering my impressions from the yesterday's lecture and from a line of a friend of mine: She said that Literature is the most confusing course of the whole English studies.<br /> Frankly, I can understand her but only because I know that literature is such a wide field and that's why it seems complex.<br /> I also admit that after the lecture of literature I was even more confused about my main question...<br /> <br /> What is Poetry?...<br /> <br /> And what's the difference to Poesy? <br /> <br /> Why do you use two different words? <br /> Poesy so soft and Poetry so strong...almost an illusion because Poetry is mostly fragile.<br /> I fear I need to find out first <br /> <br /> 'What WAS Poetry?'<br /> <br /> Was it Opera? No, not at all...<br /> <br /> There was more than Opera and more in the Poets heads than a play on a stage. (Sometimes poetry should be hidden in a small chamber and never get out...especially not on a stage...you can compare it to a prisoner whose head will be cut off in front of hundred people)<br /> <br /> I try to figure out what the Poets of that time thought. Were they happy with the stage? <br /> And another question rising in my head: What about Drama? <br /> So all Poets in that time got a connection to Drama (or at least to a play on a stage in a theatre)?<br /> <br /> I suppose I already asked far more questions than one can answer...some surely will be answered by the tutors in the lectures and some will be answered by myself.<br /> I dont know...when I think of Drama and a theatre then Shakespeare comes into my mind. Even the hundred years old books of Shakespeare's plays on my bookshelf may not give the answer to my dearly beloved questions. Simply because Shakespeare was not a poet...though...he wrote some poems I dare to say he was definitely not a poet as we know the word 'Poet' today...<br /> <br /> So was he called a Poet in his time!?<br /> <br /> So far the tutors in any English course were avoiding Shakespeare...his character...his time and his surroundings.<br /> I remember something my English teacher said last year: 'When I was studying I hated Shakespeare and I still hate him.'<br /> As an admirer of this great man I was shocked.<br /> <br /> How can an English teacher ever dare to say she/he doesnt like Shakespeare?<br /> <br /> Sure, I confess his plays and thoughts are not modern today BUT in his time his plays and thoughts were a revolution!<br /> <br /> Well, I guess in the end literature is worth a discussion about its own definition...but it's not worth having a debate about the beauty of literature because every piece of Literature is beautiful!<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 20:21, 14 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> ==Jessika Thiele: On Poetry, 6th November, 2007==<br /> I am not sure what this blog is for but somehow I felt a strong urgent to write something in here...about the [[2007-08 BM1 Introduction to the Critical and Scholarly Discussion of Literature, Part 1|lecture of this afternoon]]. The word 'Literature' in the historic background...it deeply fascinated me that we all talked about the same thing hundred years ago...just had another word.<br /> <br /> Frankly there was one moment when I almost cried during the lecture...not because I was desperate or so sad or fed up with the content. No!<br /> <br /> I deeply sighed when the tutor asked the rhetorical question: Why do we give our attention to poetry?<br /> I am studying English in the first semester and I am a poetess myself.Started writing some years ago.I even dare to say I am a good poetess...modern but good...and my first day in Oldenburg I spent in the library ... stumbling across books which tried to give me an answer on: What is poetry?<br /> <br /> I found a book about Keats therories of this topic...that he used the word 'Sensitivity' to describe this rhythmic expression of feelings.<br /> <br /> For so many years I was writing verses...lines...deeply meant to be philosophical...and suddenly at my first day in Oldenburg I was confronted with the question of my entire being.<br /> <br /> I suppose it's obvious now that I really love poetry and it's not only verses or rhyme or any other well written nonsense to me.<br /> I appreciate English language in its deep sense and it strucked me deeply inside when I heard people laughing about this language...making fun of it. <br /> <br /> Doesnt this language deserve our respect?<br /> <br /> Pityful I thought about this question for a while and I came to the conclusion that all the people there had a reason why they took those English courses...in a modern way this reason can be defined as respect. I admit my respect towards language is quite different...<br /> <br /> Anyway, I return to my first lines and to the question why we give so much attention to poetry...I may answer it one day when I found a satisfying answer on 'What is Poetry?' or I will just get an answer from the tutors in further lectures...I hope that the tutors will come to the simple end that they say 'Poetry deserves our attention because it reflects the feelings of individuals towards a hidden topic in a special time of history...in a special period.'<br /> <br /> [[User:Jessika Thiele|Jessika Thiele]] 20:02, 7 November 2007 (CET)<br /> <br /> &lt;!--no editing beyond this line, put latest entry on top--&gt;<br /> |}</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-27T20:13:02Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Native Population */ American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection. University of Washington Libraries</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/slavery/related.html Slavery Resource Guide. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> **[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/bibliog.html The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> *[http://content.lib.washington.edu/aipnw/ American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection. University of Washington Libraries]<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Mexican War over Texas<br /> **[http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/mexicanwar/ A Guide to the Mexican War. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-27T19:53:26Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Slavery in North American Colonies */ Slavery Resource Guide. Library of Congress</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/slavery/related.html Slavery Resource Guide. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> **[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/bibliog.html The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Mexican War over Texas<br /> **[http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/mexicanwar/ A Guide to the Mexican War. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-27T19:48:51Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* USA and Latin America */ A Guide to the Mexican War. Library of Congress</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> **[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/bibliog.html The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Mexican War over Texas<br /> **[http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/mexicanwar/ A Guide to the Mexican War. Library of Congress]<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-27T19:47:33Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Slavery in North American Colonies */ The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> **[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/bibliog.html The Law of Slavery in New Jersey: An Annotated Bibliography. New Jersey Digital Library]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-27T19:46:03Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Great Britain and New Zealand */ Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> **[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&amp;d=NZ18521204.2.13 Mr. Fox on the New Zealand Constituiton Act. New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 693, 4 December 1852, Page 3]<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-26T22:12:35Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* USA and Europe */ World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> **[http://www.psywar.org/leaflets.php World War II Propaganda Leaflet Archive]<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Template:Note_board Template:Note board 2008-11-12T10:33:50Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: unfallfix / doppelmoppel</p> <hr /> <div>{|width=100% cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;<br /> |bgcolor=#FFF2FF|<br /> <br /> ===Conference Announcement===<br /> :'''Postsecular Britain? Religion, Secularity, and Cultural Agency'''<br /> :Annual Conference of the German Association for the Study of British Cultures<br /> :'''November 20 - 22, 2008, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg.'''<br /> :[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/konferenz2008/ website]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {|width=100% cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;<br /> |bgcolor=#F4FED8|<br /> {{Template:Fachschaft News}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {|width=100% cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;<br /> |bgcolor=#FFFFEA|<br /> {{Template:Staff News}}<br /> |}</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-11T20:04:51Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* USA and Latin America */ Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> **[http://www.foia.cia.gov/guatemala.asp Collection of documents chronicles CIA involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala].<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-11T19:47:56Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Great Britain and Canada */ The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/quebec_act_1774.asp The Quebec Act: October 7, 1774]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-11T19:46:54Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Great Britain and Canada */ The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/proc1763.asp The Royal Proclamation - October 7, 1763]<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/User_talk:Olaf_Simons User talk:Olaf Simons 2008-11-11T05:11:15Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Kleine Bitte */</p> <hr /> <div>[[User talk:Olaf Simons/Archive]]&lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Olaf Simons:Medienbestand]]<br /> <br /> ==Prizes/Awards==<br /> *[[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 18:45, 14 July 2008 (CEST): English, James F. 2005. The Economy of Prestige. Prizes, Awards, and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP.<br /> <br /> == blockieren ==<br /> <br /> Vergaß, erst zu blockieren und dann die Seite zu löschen (siehe WeightLossTips, recent changes), und kann den Benutzer User:WeightLoss nicht blockieren (ich sehe die Option nicht, auf die ich klicken kann, welche normalerweise hinter jedem Edit steht. Der ganze User ist auch nicht mehr über recent changes aufgelistet). Auch kann ich seine Seite nicht löschen, obwohl ich das eigentlich können müsste - immerhin könnte ich auch Deine Benutzerseite löschen (theoretisch). Und das verstehe ich nicht ; ). Gruß an die kalte See, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 10:12, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Wird wohl kein Problem sein - ansonsten radikal unterbinden, Leute, die keine Namen unserer Studenten oder Dozentan haben und sich auch sonst nicht mit einer Identität ausweisen, sollten bei allem Nichtfachlichem gelöscht werden. Von der inspirierenden [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Siggen ostholsteinischen Wikipedia Konferenz], --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:05, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::Darum geht es ja: Ich habe zwar die Seite gelöscht, aber nicht den User - da ich nicht sehe, wie ich das machen kann, da ich seine Benutzerseite nur beschränkt sehe. Die Option &quot;blockieren&quot; fehlt (die hinter seinem Namen stehen müsste), und die User Seite [[User:WeightLoss]] kann ich weder löschen, noch die Versionsgeschichte sehen noch kann ich sie auf protect setzen - all das, was normalerweise zu sehen wäre. Das ist meine eigentlich Frage, warum ich das nicht sehen kann, wo ich doch sogar Deine Seite löschen könnte? Muss auf ihr erst was stehen um sie löschen zu können? Wie kann ich den User/seinen Pseudo-Account noch blockieren? Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:17, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::Siehst, jetzt habe ich den User erst geblockt und dann die Seite gelöscht (wobei das einfach seine Userseite war) - heute morgen hatte ich erst die Seite gelöscht und wollte dann blocken, aber nach dem Löschen der Seite verschwand der User aus der recent changes Liste, sodass ich die Option &quot;(blockieren)&quot; (hinter dem Namen) nicht mehr sah. Und statt blockieren wollte ich dann seine Userseite löschen, aber die lässt sich nicht löschen,- vielleicht, weil da nichts steht? [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 20:59, 12 October 2008 (CEST) (ich frage aus Verständnisgründen, will ja auch dazulernen und verstehen, wie ein Wiki funktioniert)<br /> ::::Durch Probieren Problem gelöst, selbstständiges Lernen also : ) Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:14, 12 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::''(blocked &quot;User:BoredWikipedians&quot; with an expiry time of infinite: Spam (aber lustiger Name...))''<br /> :::::Räusper. Nicht alles, [http://3.blogs.23.nu/kellerkind/2008/10/passende-auszeit-um-sich-hier-umzusehen/ was man nicht versteht], ist Spam. Und gepostet habe ich, meines Wissens, gar nichts. Kann ich a) meinen Account und b)meine Benutzerseite wiederhaben? Ich habe ja früher mal eine Weile bei der [http://entropie.digital.udk-berlin.de/wiki/Hauptseite der UDK Berlin] gewohnt, die waren da aber weniger grob und tollerant gegenüber anderen Netzlebensformen... Pfh! --[[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 13:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Viel Spaß weiterhin mit den Adminfunktionen :-)<br /> ::::::Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg - aber (das siehst Du ganz richtig) eine offene Plattform. Du kannst mitmachen, solange es die Community interessiert. Ist also die Frage, ob Du ein Projekt hast, das anglistisch oder amerikanistisch interessant ist. Und wer entscheidet das? Ganz am Ende (um das Verfahren zu vereinfachen) ich (und ich warne Dich: es ist gar nicht einfach, was zu machen, was ich interessant finde - möglich aber schon, und für Dich bestimmt eine Bereicherung, Du mußt halt nachdenken). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 13:53, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :::::::Zum Verständnis: Vielleicht wäre ein Klarname angebracht, damit es nicht zur Verwechslung kommt. Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen. Was ich nicht zuordnen kann, lösche ich... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 14:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 17:42, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::::::::::''In der Tat, Leute mit Pseudonymen können einfach gelöscht werden.''<br /> ::::::::::Krass: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB 1] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Am%C3%A9ry 2] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Pseudonymen 3] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim 4] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Blixen 5] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll 6] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 7] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Celan 8] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens 9] - [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger 10] Ich (!) werd' dann mal nachdenken... [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 19:16, 13 October 2008 (CEST) P.S. Verena: Danke für die Wiederherstellung &amp; viel Spaß noch im Netzuniversum :-) Bis dann...<br /> :::::::::::Guckstu: ''Dies ist weder ein Chatroom, noch die große, weite Wikipedia, in der es möglich ist, Pseudonyme zu benutzen'' [...] ''Dies ist das Anglistik und Amerikanistik Wiki der Uni Oldenburg''. Einfach Sache, also. [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:37, 13 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> Noch eine technische Frage: Wenn ich über Spezialseiten auf [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=Special:Ipblocklist&amp;limit=500&amp;offset=0&amp;ip= Liste blockierter IP-Adressen] klicke, steht da mein Name mit Nummern, die ich blockte, und Uhrzeiten. Da ich bei niemandem anderen von den Admins auf dieser Liste solche Sachen sehe, wundere ich mich darüber. Vor allem, da ich zur besagten Uhrzeit gar nicht im Wiki war... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 22:43, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Das liegt daran, dass jemand, den Du bereits gesperrt hast, sich erneut anmeldet und versucht zu editieren. Soweit er dabei dieselbe IP-Adresse verwendet erfolgt automatisch eine erneute Sperre, hierfür musst Du nicht online sein. Grüße, [[User:Beleidigt|Beleidigt]] 23:09, 16 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> <br /> Hallo Olaf,<br /> danke für den Hinweis! Habs gleich geändert :-)<br /> Gruß [[User:Hannah Treffert|Hannah Treffert]] 22:50, 17 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Dear AK 47, wie sieht es denn mit Usernamen aus, die nur aus Vornamen bestehen? Du hast Britta geschrieben (die ich persönlich kenne), sie möge einen vollen Klarnamen nehmen. Es gibt hier aber noch viele andere, die nur einen Vornamen haben, deren Accounts aber schon älter sind, sodass Du/man deren Namen mittlerweile einordnen kann/st (zB [[User:Sonja]]). Versteh mich nicht falsch, aber wenn der eine das &quot;darf&quot;, der andere aber nicht, wirkt das komisch, da sich manche an denen orientieren wenn es ums Wiki geht... Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 18:00, 21 October 2008 (CEST) PS: Da schwirrt auch eine Nummer irgendwo rum...<br /> <br /> ::Die user, die sich nicht bemerkbar machen, interessieren mich nicht. Bei Leuten, die neu auftauchen, dringe ich darauf, daß sie es vernünftig machen. Sehe aber nicht, wie ich's durchsetzen soll. Soll ich Sonja reformieren - die ich kenne... Ist mir zu mühselig und bin zu wenig Lehrertyp. Man könnte natürlich für alle accounts eröffnen, wie bei StudIP und verbieten, daß Leute sich selbst accounts basteln - will ich aber gar nicht. Also mache ich nur etwas Druck bei Neulingen, hier und da und denke dann spricht sich's herum. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:06, 21 October 2008 (CEST) (Die neue Numer war Kevin... - schrieb ihm bereits)<br /> <br /> Ist das [http://www.wiki.uni-oldenburg.de/fk3/angl-am/index.php?title=2008-09_AM_Language_Acquisition hier] nicht ein bisschen derb? Mit großen roten Lettern... [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 13:46, 1 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> Ich sehe non nicht, wie ich das hinkriege, da es offensichtlich kursabhängig geschieht. Nachdem ich den Spruch hinschrieb, meldeten sich die Leute besser an. Es ist mir indes gleichgültig, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:55, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> :Dann solltest Du Dich entscheiden. Mit welcher Begründung wird [[User:Beleidigt|er/sie/es]] toleriert? Studenten werden angeschrieben oder geblockt, andere aber können mit Pseudonymen fleißig auf Deiner BM 2 Timeline editieren. Entweder alle Klarnamen und rigoros, oder aber alle sind frei in der Accountwahl... Abendlicher Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 21:26, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> ::Verena, das Problem erledigt sich von selbst, da ich einfach sogleich schmerzfrei versterben werde. Sagen wir es mal so: Erst war es ein blödsinniger Unfall, dann ''irgendwie interessant''. Dann hat man Probleme. Und aus spezifischen Gründen, die hier nichts zur Sache tun, geht sowas aber natürlich _grundsätzlich_gar_nicht_. Ich bin zwar kamera- aber nicht kopflos. Mea Culpa, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 22:28, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> <br /> == Kleine Bitte ==<br /> <br /> Moin. Keine Ahnung, ob ich das auslöse oder ob das immer so ist, a-bär: Ein Hinweis auf Klarnamenbevorzugung auf der Create-Account-Page bzw. genauer in [[MediaWiki:Emailforlost]] wäre nicht schlecht. Keine Ahnung wie die Rezeptionsweisen funktionieren, ich habe allerdings 6(!) Tage gebraucht, den Hinweis zu finden (was ja auch etwas über meine Geistesverfassung aussagen mag). 1. Kam ich nicht über die Hauptseite 2. Lese ich die Hilfe nicht, weil das technische weiß ich ja schon 3. Mit dem About weiß ich es selbst nicht so genau, vielleicht erwartet man von der Textsorte nichts interessantes... Freundliche Grüße in die Runde, [[User:Beleidigt|B.]] 07:16, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> :Also wie ich im Wiki Veränderungen vornehme - etwa bei der create an account Schablone Text ablege, dre sagt, was für Accounts wir bevorzugen - keine Ahnung. Das sind Dinge, die sich in unseremm kleinen Wiki auch so regeln. oder auch nicht, ohne katastrophen zu erzeugen, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:00, 23 October 2008 (CEST)<br /> ::und ich bin in der Lage zu unterscheiden zwischen Leuten, die bewußt ein Pseudonym wählen und anderen, die das tun, ohne zu kapieren, daß es in Recent Changes diese Accounts hinterläßt, die einmal in sieben Jahren was Unübersichtliches tun. Gegen Leute, die entschieden verantwortungsvoll handeln habe ich gar nichts, was auch immer sie als Weg wählen. Bei Leuten, bei denen nur die Wurschtigkeit eine andere Entscheidung verhindert, klopfe ich an, und frage, ob's auch anders geht. Ein Wiki regelt sich selbst, ich bin da gelassen und zuversichtlich und blocke vandalierende Leute - nicht Leute, die aus irgendeinem Spaß mitspielen - warum denn nicht? Das konstruktive Spiel ist mir willkommen, und ich rätsele, was einen Fremden reizt, mal hier herumzuschauen und freue mich über die Neugier und die kleinen konstruktiven Edits. Gelassenheit und ruhiges Kurshalten sind in allen Dingen angeraten, und ruhiges Kurshalten schließt ein, daß man hinnimmt, daß es allemal nie geradlienig geht, doch langfristig eben nach vorne in interessante Gebiete. Gelassenheit und Toleranz... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 23:37, 2 November 2008 (CET)<br /> :::Nein, es beschädigt die Texte nicht. Aber es vandaliert das Norm- und Beziehungsgefüge. Und auch (und gerade das) würde man einen Troll nennen. Alles sehr seltsam... [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 06:11, 11 November 2008 (CET)</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-10T20:04:36Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basics.htm North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. The basic texts of the Alliance: from the Treaty and its protocols to the Partnership for Peace documents.]<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-10T19:58:13Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: Declaration of Principles issued by the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (&quot;The Atlantic Charter&quot;)</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> **[http://www.nato.int/docu/basictxt/b410814a.htm Declaration of Principles issued by the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (&quot;The Atlantic Charter&quot;)]. 14 August 1941<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/BM2-3_Anglophone_Expansion:Timeline BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline 2008-11-10T19:39:08Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776. Northern Illinois University Libraries</p> <hr /> <div>This is a subpage of [[2008-09 BM2 Introduction to Anglophone Cultural Studies, Part 1]]<br /> <br /> The presentation linked to these materials: Olaf Simons. [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/bm2/BM2-2008-10-29-expansion.pptx The Expansion of the Anglophone Sphere, pptx file]<br /> <br /> Use this page to gather information and links you find useful.<br /> <br /> == Global anglophone culture ==<br /> <br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Origins_of_English_PieChart_2D.svg Origin of English words]<br /> <br /> ==Prehistoric Times==<br /> <br /> *700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear<br /> * 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago<br /> * 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise see level rise] of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf <br /> * Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalith megalith culture])<br /> * 3100-1600 BC [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge Stonehenge] in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe<br /> * Prehistoric hill figures like the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffington_White_Horse Uffington White Horse] (1400 and 600 BC)<br /> <br /> ==Celts==<br /> * 500-50 BC predominance of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celt Celtic] culture. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Hallstatt_LaTene.png/300px-Hallstatt_LaTene.png map, distribution till 50 BC]. Different theories based on linguistic and genetic evidence:<br /> :*Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or<br /> :*Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments<br /> *50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles<br /> *43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England<br /> *410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language Breton language] (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).<br /> <br /> == Romans ==<br /> *51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles<br /> *41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles<br /> *43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year<br /> *Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.<br /> * 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses<br /> * 142 Antonine's wall [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hadrians_Wall_map.png map] <br /> * 3rd century first Christian communities<br /> * 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons<br /> * 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum<br /> <br /> == Angels, Saxons, Jutes ==<br /> *Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)<br /> :*360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain<br /> :*449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts<br /> :*Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil<br /> :*Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany<br /> :*597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin<br /> :*conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptarchy Heptarchy]<br /> :*Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)<br /> *Alternative theory: History of long standing contacts with presence of germanisc culture and (generally peaceful) mix of populations. Debate based on discussion of written sources, language analysis, archaeology , and (since the 1990s) genetics.<br /> *See Wikipedia articles [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Saxon Anglo-Saxon], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_English Old English]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Anglo-Saxon_invasion_of_Britain Timeline of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain according to historical sources]<br /> <br /> == Roman Catholicism ==<br /> *Wikipedia needs a Map of all the monasteries... The spread of Christianity in Europe - would also be a good topic for a huge animated gif...<br /> <br /> == Vikings, Danes ==<br /> <br /> *Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers<br /> *Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)<br /> *1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great<br /> *1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)<br /> *Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia<br /> *See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Old_Norse_origin Words of Old Norse origin]<br /> *See Wikipedia article of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_Runestones Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England]<br /> <br /> == Franco-Norman and French Influence ==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]<br /> * 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.<br /> * 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England <br /> * 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]<br /> * 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet<br /> * 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown<br /> * 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France<br /> * 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened<br /> * Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons<br /> * Eduard I (1227-1307) <br /> *1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism<br /> <br /> == The British as Naval Power ==<br /> *1585-1604 Conflicts with Spain (Francis Drake and the Armada) over Naval Supremacy and Spanish Netherlands (modern Belgium) and Ireland. Resolved with peace treaty that delays colonisation. Leads, howevever to British aspirations to become a global player on the seas.<br /> *1660-1689 Rivalry with Netherlands, the leading international trader after decline of the Spanish and Portuguese<br /> *1690-1880 British Empire more or less (Napoleonic Wars around 1800) unchallenged<br /> *1870-1914 Rise of USA and Germany<br /> <br /> == England/ Great Britain and its North American Colonies ==<br /> See wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies List of British Colonies] with historical annotation<br /> * 1497-1583 Newfoundland claimed by England, 1583-1949 colony<br /> * 1586 Carolina setlement, colony since 1663<br /> * 1607 Virginia, 1624-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1783 Sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1610 Cuper's Cove, abandoned in 1621<br /> * 1610 Renews, abandoned in 1623<br /> * 1618 Bristol's Hope, abandoned in 1631<br /> * 1621 Nova Scotia, Scottish colony till Nova Scotia 1632, 1654-1670, 1690-1691, 1710-1713 English British occupations, colony from 1713 till 1867, since then province of Canada <br /> * 1623 Avalon, part of Newfoundland since 1637<br /> * 1623 South Falkland close to Newfoundland, colony, abandoned in 1626<br /> * 1670-1870 Rupert's Land, possession of Hudson's Bay Company. Nominally included territory that is now part of the Canadian territories and provinces of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon (until 1858), British Columbia (until 1858), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and (until 1818) parts of the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota, 1870 incorporated into Canada<br /> * 1732 Georgia, proprietary colony, 1755-1776 crown colony, 1776 declared independent as part of the United States, 1778-1782 British occupation, 1783 sovereignty formally relinquished by Great Britain<br /> * 1749 Prince Edward Island or New Ireland or St. John's Island occupied and colony since 1769, becomes part of Nova Scotia<br /> * 1763 Labrador paret of Newfoundland, 1774-1809 part of Quebec, 1809 annexed to Newfoundland, now part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada <br /> * 1763 East and West Florida, British colony till 1783, returned to Spanish sovereignty, today part of the state of Florida, United States<br /> * 1784 New Brunswick, separated from Nova Scotia, since 1867 province of Canada<br /> * 1791 Upper and Lower Canada, both united in 1841 to form the Province of Canada<br /> * 1841 Canada<br /> * 1849 Vancouver Island, crown colony till 1866, then merged into the colony of British Columbia, now part of the province of British Columbia, Canada<br /> * 1859 North-Western Territory, 1870 incorporated into the Northwest Territories of Canada, now divided between the Canadian provinces and territories of Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia<br /> * 1862 Stikine Territory, colony till 1863. Now divided between British Columbia and Yukon, Canada<br /> <br /> ===Slavery in North American Colonies===<br /> * 1642: Massachusetts becomes the first colony to legalize slavery.<br /> * 1650: Connecticut legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1661: Virginia officially recognizes slavery by statute.<br /> * 1662: A Virginia statute declares that children born would have the same status as their mother.<br /> * 1663: Maryland legalizes slavery.<br /> * 1664: Slavery is legalized in New York and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Westindies ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and India ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Colonies<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Australia ==<br /> * 1770 James Cook's Expedition<br /> **[http://nla.gov.au/nla.ms-ms1 Cook, James, 1728-1779. Journal of the H.M.S. Endeavour, 1768-1771 (manuscript). (790 parts)]<br /> **[http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/maps/01_world.html Map of Cook's Endeavour Voyage (27 July 1768 to 13 July 1771)]<br /> * 1788 First Fleet of 11 ships and about 1305 people (736 convicts, 211 marines, 17 convicts' children, 27 marines' wives, 14 marines' children, about 300 officers and others arrives in Bottany Bay<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and New Zealand==<br /> *1770s-1790s contact with British, French and American whaling, sealing and trading ships<br /> *1800s Christian missionaries settle in New Zealand and attempt to convert Maori and to control lawless European visitors<br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/65846?profile=access Maori letter from Eruera Hongi to Church Missionary Society missionaries.1825.] <br /> **[http://digital.natlib.govt.nz/get/48170?profile=access The Native Village of Ki-ho, New Zealand with the original mission house of W White (one of the Wesleyan missionaries) 1833.]<br /> *1800-1830 Musket wars among Maoris - tribes who have weapons kill those who have not<br /> *1839 New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land<br /> *1852 New Zealand Constitution Act<br /> *1890s The economy — based on wool and local trade - changes to frozen meat export<br /> *1907 Dominion in Commonwealth<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Canada ==<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and the Suez Canal ==<br /> * 1854, 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtains a concession from Said Pasha, viceroy of Egypt, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations, according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli<br /> * 1869 after 11 years of work (based on the forced work of over 30,000 people, Canal opened. Combined with the American transcontinental railroad completed six months earlier<br /> :*it allows the entire world to be circled in record time<br /> :*plays an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa<br /> * 1875 External debts force Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal for £4,000,000 to the United Kingdom, France remains the majority shareholder. Prime minister Benjamin Disraeli accused by William Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds<br /> * 1882 British troops protect channel during civil war in Egypt<br /> * 1888 Convention of Constantinople declares canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British<br /> * 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty allows UK to retain control over the canal<br /> * 1951 Egypt repudiates the treaty<br /> * 1954 UK agrees to remove its troops<br /> * 1956 withdrawal completed in July 1956<br /> <br /> == Great Britain and Africa ==<br /> * 1795 Cape Colony, established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, occupied by the British in 1795 (after French occupied the Netherlands) long history of conflicts with Dutch settlers begins<br /> * 1882 Egypt occupied Suez Canal<br /> * 1896 Rhodesia founded by Cecil Rhodes and his privately owned British South Africa Company (independece 1980 under the name Zimbabwe)<br /> * 1896–1914 Sudan, Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda brought under British Rule<br /> * 1902 UK completes its military occupation of the Transvaal and Free State by concluding a treaty with the two Boer Republics following the Second Boer War 1899-1902. The four colonies of Natal, Transvaal, Free State and Cape Province form the Union of South Africa in 1910<br /> <br /> ==Commonwealth of Nations==<br /> Great Britain grants Dominion status to the already self-governing colonies of Canada (1867), Australia (1901), New Zealand (1907), Newfoundland (1907), and the newly created Union of South Africa (1910)<br /> <br /> ==USA==<br /> *[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lhtnhtml/lhtnhome.html American Notes] Library of Congress. Travels in America, 1750-1920 comprises 253 published narratives by Americans and foreign visitors recounting their travels in the colonies and the United States and their observations and opinions about American peoples, places, and society from about 1750 to 1920.<br /> <br /> === Native Population ===<br /> <br /> === War of Independence ===<br /> *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776]. Lillian Goldman Law Library.<br /> *[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/amarch/index.html American Archives. Documents of the American Revolution 1774-1776]. Northern Illinois University Libraries<br /> <br /> === Civil War ===<br /> *[http://beck.library.emory.edu/iln/index.html The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News]<br /> <br /> == Foreign Politics general ==<br /> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States<br /> <br /> == USA and Latin America ==<br /> * 1845 -Annexation of Republic of Texas; Mexico breaks relations in retaliation<br /> * 1846-1848 US-Wexican War over Texas<br /> * 1912-25 - Nicaragua; America controls Nicaraguan affairs through puppet Conservative Party presidents under the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty<br /> * 1915-34 Haiti. U.S. forces maintained order and control customs revenue during a period of chronic political instability.<br /> * 1952 Guatemala. Central Intelligence Agency attempts to overthrow Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in collaboration with Nicaraguan leader Anastasio Somoza García, authorized by President Truman. The mission is known as Operation PBFORTUNE.<br /> * 1954 Guatemala. Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes Operation PBSUCCESS, a program of &quot;psychological warfare and political action&quot; and &quot;subversion,&quot; that succeeds in removing the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán with the help of Guatemalan military general Carlos Castillo Armas.<br /> * 1965 Intervention in Dominican Republic<br /> * 1973 Chilean military coup against Salvador Allende given American approval<br /> * 1979-90 Nicaragua; America supports the Contras fighting against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua.<br /> * 1983 U.S. invades Grenada in response to a coup d’état by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard on the Caribbean island.<br /> * 1990 Panama; America invades to oust Manuel Noriega<br /> <br /> == USA and Europe ==<br /> * Involvement in First and Second World War, USA become Superpower<br /> * Marshall Plan helped West Germany to overcome aftermath of Second World War<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/marshall/large/index.php Truman Presidential Library online collection of original Marshal Plan documents from the year 1946 onwards]<br /> * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)<br /> * Deployment US-Forces in West Germany<br /> 1980s: 5.000 nuclear warheads in Germany (today 480 in Europe, 10-20 Fliegerhorst Büchel, Rheinland-Pfalz)<br /> <br /> == USA and East Asia ==<br /> * 1899-1902 Philippine-American War, invasion, ends with Fall of First Philippine Republic, land acquisition by American companies, destabilisation of Catholic church and long term efforts to introduce English as lingua franca<br /> * World War II - against Japan, use of first Atom bombs against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1946, begion of cold war confrontation<br /> **[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/index.php Documents on the Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb] The Harry S. Truman Library. <br /> * 1950-1953 Proxi Korean War of North against South Korea<br /> * 1959-1975 Vietnam War (also Second Indochina War) with history of confrontations involving Kambodia, Laos and Vietnam and European powers<br /> <br /> == USA and Middle East ==<br /> * 1953 Together with UK: support of coup d'état that deposed the government of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq and his cabine<br /> * 1979-1989 Operation Cyclone, code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency program to arm the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan<br /> * 1990-1991 Gulf War after Iraq attacked Kuwait<br /> * 1992-1993 US take part in UNITAF mission to stifle civil war in Somalia<br /> * 2001-2008 War in Afghanistan <br /> * 2003-2008 Iraq War</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Links Links 2008-11-07T19:43:34Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: /* Journals */ linkfix</p> <hr /> <div>*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/index.html The seminar's webpage]<br /> {|width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;20&quot;<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;|<br /> __TOC__<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FBFBFF&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;|<br /> ==General==<br /> ====Search Engines====<br /> *[http://www.google.com/ncr Google]<br /> *[http://scholar.google.de/schhp?hl=de/ Google Scholar]<br /> *[http://search.msn.com/ MSN]<br /> *[http://www.alltheweb.com/ alltheweb]<br /> *[http://search.yahoo.com/ Yahoo]<br /> *[http://books.google.com/advanced_book_search? Google Book Search]<br /> <br /> ====Dictionaries====<br /> *[http://dict.leo.org/ LEO]<br /> *[http://www.m-w.com/ Merriam-Webster]<br /> *[http://dictionary.oed.com/ OED]<br /> <br /> ====Wikipedia====<br /> *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Commons]<br /> *[http://de.wikipedia.org de.wikipedia]<br /> *[http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia]<br /> <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#F9F9FF&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;|<br /> <br /> ==Libraries, Texts, Bibliographies==<br /> ====Important Libraries====<br /> *[http://blpc.bl.uk/ BLC] &amp;mdash; British Library Catalogue<br /> *[http://bvba2.bib-bvb.de/V?RN=655740480 BVB] &amp;mdash; Bayerischer Verbundkatalog<br /> *[http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.2/ADVANCED_SEARCHFILTER GBV] &amp;mdash; Gemeinsamer Verbundkatalog Niedersachsen etc.<br /> **[http://katalog.bis.uni-oldenburg.de/ Oldenburg's University library]<br /> *[http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/kvk.html KVK] &amp;mdash; Karlsruher Virtueller Katalog<br /> *[http://library.ox.ac.uk/ OLIS] &amp;mdash; Oxford University's online union library catalogue<br /> <br /> ====Bibliographies &amp; Databases====<br /> *[http://rzblx10.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/dbliste.php?bib_id=ub_r&amp;colors=15&amp;ocolors=40&amp;lett=f&amp;gebiete=12 DBIS] Research databases available in Germany<br /> ----<br /> *[http://rzblx10.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/warpto.php?bib_id=ubol&amp;color=2&amp;titel_id=2521&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.chadwyck.co.uk ABELL] &amp;mdash; Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature, 880,000 records, monographs, periodical articles, critical editions of literary works, book reviews and collections of essays published anywhere in the world from 1920 onwards.<br /> *[http://estc.bl.uk/F/?func=file&amp;file_name=login-bl-list ESTC] &amp;mdash; English Short Title Catalogue, bibliography of all books published between 1473 and 1800, description of materials, library shelf marks. <br /> *[http://rzblx1.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/fl.phtml?bibid=UBFRE&amp;colors=7&amp;lang=de&amp;notation=H EZF] Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek Freiburg<br /> *[http://www.imdb.com/ IMDb] Internet Movie Database<br /> *[http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/1/1/1/purl=rc6_MLA MLA] Standard Research Bibliography<br /> *[http://pao.chadwyck.co.uk/home.do PAO] &amp;mdash; Periodicals Archive Online<br /> *[http://www.zdb-opac.de ZDB] &amp;mdash; Zeitschriftendatenbank, Titel- und Besitznachweise, 1,2 Mio. Titel in allen Sprachen von 1500 bis heute, keine Aufsatztitel.<br /> *[http://muse.jhu.edu/ Muse]<br /> <br /> ====E-Sources====<br /> *[http://eebo.chadwyck.com/home EEBO] &amp;mdash; book production 1473-1700<br /> *[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/ECCO?locID=bis ECCO] &amp;mdash; the book production of the 18th century<br /> *[http://www.gutenberg.org/ Gutenberg]<br /> *[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/LitRC?locID=bis LRC]<br /> *[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/browse.html Corpus of Middle English texts]<br /> *[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOML?locID=bis MOML] &amp;mdash; The Making of Modern Law, covering the watershed period of legal development during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries<br /> *[http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/MOME?locID=bis MOME] &amp;mdash; The Making of the Modern World, presents more than 61,000 books from the period 1460-1850, and 466 pre-1906 serials, focuses on economics interpreted in the widest sense, including political science, history, sociology, and special collections on banking, finance, transportation and manufacturing.<br /> *[http://www.munseys.com/site/home Munseys]<br /> *[http://web1.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/1/1/1/purl=rc6_TTDA The Times 1785-1985]<br /> *[http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/?db=TLS TLS]<br /> *[http://www.wga.hu/index1.html Web Gallery of Art]<br /> <br /> '''Bibles'''<br /> *[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/kjv.browse.html Bible (King James)]<br /> *[http://net.bible.org/home.php Bible (commented modern)]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F9F9FF&quot;|<br /> <br /> ==Culture &amp; History==<br /> <br /> ====Important Institutions====<br /> *[http://www.britishstudies.de/ British Council]<br /> <br /> ====Media====<br /> *[http://www.nytimes.com/ New York Times]<br /> *[http://www.sfgate.com/ San Francisco Chronicle]<br /> *[http://www.npr.org/ National Public Radio - US]<br /> <br /> ====History====<br /> *[http://www.davidappleyard.com/dynasties/1701_1800.htm Dynasties]<br /> *[http://rzblx10.uni-regensburg.de/dbinfo/warpto.php?bib_id=ubol&amp;color=2&amp;titel_id=3723&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fsubscribed%2F DNB] &amp;mdash; Dictionary of National Biography<br /> *[http://www.archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati00leesuoft DNB 1903] <br /> *[http://www.historyguide.de/start.php Göttingen's History Guide]<br /> *[http://www.anglistikguide.de/index.html Göttingen's Anglistik Guide]<br /> <br /> ====Research Sites====<br /> *[http://www.personal.psu.edu/special/C18/c18-l.htm C18] 18th century mailing list and more <br /> *[http://www2.h-net.msu.edu H-Net] History in general<br /> *[http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~albion/ H-Albion] History British Isles<br /> *[http://www.sharpweb.org/ SHARP] Book history<br /> <br /> ====Mailing Lists====<br /> *[http://pages.towson.edu/duncan/litlists.html Literary Academic Discussion Groups - Overview]<br /> <br /> ====Tools====<br /> *[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/currency/coins/engl-01.html £ Calculator] if you have to do sums in old English currency<br /> *[http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1700&amp;amp;country=8 Calendar] <br /> *[http://www.polysyllabic.com/ChCalendar.html Ecclesiastical Calendar]<br /> *[http://pierre-marteau.com/wiki/index.php?title=Prices_and_Wages_%28Great_Britain%29 Prices &amp; Wages]<br /> *[http://www.blbtools.de/einheitenrechner/rechner.htm World Units]<br /> <br /> <br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F9FBFF&quot;|<br /> ==Linguistics==<br /> ====Databases====<br /> *[http://childes.psy.cmu.edu/ CHILDES]<br /> *[http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/ British National Corpus]<br /> *[http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/research/sbcorpus.html/ Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English]<br /> *[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/micase/ MICASE]<br /> <br /> ====Resources====<br /> *[http://www.linguistlist.org/ The Linguist List]<br /> *[http://www.glottopedia.org/ Glottopedia]<br /> *[http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/ LingBuzz]<br /> <br /> ====Bibliographies====<br /> *[http://www.blonline.nl/ Linguistics]<br /> *[http://www.carla.umn.edu/speechacts/bibliography/index.html#menu/ Speech Acts]<br /> *[http://www.linguistlist.org/sp/Bibs.html/ Linguist List]<br /> <br /> ====Journals====<br /> General:<br /> *[http://muse.uq.edu.au/journals/language/ Language]<br /> *[http://www.atypon-link.com/WDG/loi/ling/ Linguistics]<br /> <br /> <br /> Pragmatics &amp; Discourse:<br /> *[http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505593/description#description/ Journal of Pragmatics]<br /> *[http://www.degruyter.de/journals/jpr/detailEn.cfm/ Journal of Politeness]<br /> *[http://dis.sagepub.com/ Discourse Studies]<br /> *[http://www.degruyter.de/journals/text/detail.cfm/ Text &amp; Talk]<br /> *[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02715309/ Language and Communication]<br /> *[http://versita.metapress.com/content/120719/ Lodz Papers in Pragmatics]<br /> *[http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=Jhp/ Journal of Historical Pragmatics]<br /> *[http://www.benjamins.com/cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=P%26C/ Pragmatics and Cognition]<br /> <br /> <br /> Sociolinguistics:<br /> *[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=LSY/ Language in Society]<br /> *[http://das.sagepub.com/ Discourse &amp; Society]<br /> *[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/JOSL/ Journal of Sociolinguistics]<br /> *[http://www.equinoxjournals.com/ojs/index.php/GL/ Gender and Language]<br /> <br /> <br /> Intercultural &amp; Cross-cultural Communication:<br /> *[http://www.atypon-link.com/WDG/loi/iprg?cookieSet=1/ Intercultural Pragmatics]<br /> *[http://www.multilingual-matters.net/laic/ Language and Intercultural Communication]<br /> *[http://www.degruyter.de/journals/multilin/ Multilingua]<br /> <br /> <br /> Semantics:<br /> *[http://jos.oxfordjournals.org/archive/ Journal of Semantics]<br /> *[http://semprag.org/ Semantics and Pragmatics]<br /> <br /> <br /> Applied Linguistics:<br /> *[http://applij.oxfordjournals.org/ Applied Linguistics]<br /> *[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ijal/ International Journal of Applied Linguistics]<br /> *[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=APL/ Annual Review of Applied Linguistics]<br /> <br /> <br /> Working Papers:<br /> *[http://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/pages/publications.html/ Oxford Working Papers in Linguistics]<br /> *[http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~twpl/ Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics]<br /> *[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/publications/WPL/ UCL Working Papers in Linguistics]<br /> *[http://journals.tc-library.org/index.php/tesol/ Working Papers in TESOL &amp; Applied Linguistics]<br /> <br /> <br /> German Journals:<br /> *[http://www.gespraechsforschung-ozs.de/ Gesprächsforschung]<br /> *[http://www.dgfs.de/zs/ Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft]<br /> *[http://www.linguistik-online.de/ Linguistik online]<br /> <br /> <br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#F4F7FF&quot;|<br /> <br /> ==Didactics, Language Aquisition &amp; Practice==<br /> <br /> |}</div> Benjamin Tabart https://wiki.angl-am.uni-oldenburg.de/index.php/Talk:Time_Travel Talk:Time Travel 2008-11-07T16:21:01Z <p>Benjamin Tabart: fundstück</p> <hr /> <div>*[http://books.google.de/books?id=RekrrLGF27UC&amp;pg=PA116&amp;lpg Constance Penley: Time Travel, Primal Scene and the Critical Dystopia]. In: Annette Kuhn (Ed.): Cultural Theory and Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema. London/New York: Verso, 1990:116-127 (My 2 cents: Bisschen viel Freud für meinen Geschmack, ganz gut: Gleichzeitigkeit von Akteur und Beobachter) [[User:Benjamin Tabart|Benjamin Tabart]] 17:21, 7 November 2008 (CET)</div> Benjamin Tabart