Difference between revisions of "Figures of Speech"
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− | + | '''Figures of Speech''' | |
− | + | *Metaplastic figures: playing with spelling and sound | |
− | + | **The addition of letters and sounds (prosthesis, epenthesis, paragoge) | |
− | + | **The omission of letters and sounds (aphaersis, syncope, apocope) | |
− | + | **The switching of letters and sounds (antisthecon, metathesis) | |
− | + | *Playing with the structure of sentences | |
− | + | **Words (seem to) get lost (ellipsis, zeugma...) | |
− | + | **Repetions of words (epizeuxis, polyptoton, antanaclasis...) | |
− | + | *Figures of an unusual arrangement of clauses and thoughts (auxesis, isocolon, chiasmus, antithesis, periphrasis...) | |
− | + | *Peculiar thoughts (adynaton, aporia, correctio...) | |
− | + | '''Tropes:''' not to be taken literally: (metaphor, metonymy, synekdoche, metalepsis, irony...) | |
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+ | ==Figures of Speech== | ||
*[[accumulation]]: Summarization of previous arguments in a forceful manner | *[[accumulation]]: Summarization of previous arguments in a forceful manner | ||
*[[adnominatio]]: Repetition of a word with a change in letter or sound | *[[adnominatio]]: Repetition of a word with a change in letter or sound | ||
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*[[Tautology (rhetoric)|tautology]]: Redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice | *[[Tautology (rhetoric)|tautology]]: Redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice | ||
*[[tmesis]]: Division of the elements of a compound word | *[[tmesis]]: Division of the elements of a compound word | ||
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==Tropes== | ==Tropes== | ||
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*[[allegory]]: An extended [[metaphor]] in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject | *[[allegory]]: An extended [[metaphor]] in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject | ||
*[[allusion]]: An indirect reference to another work of literature or art | *[[allusion]]: An indirect reference to another work of literature or art |
Latest revision as of 11:56, 29 April 2008
Figures of Speech
- Metaplastic figures: playing with spelling and sound
- The addition of letters and sounds (prosthesis, epenthesis, paragoge)
- The omission of letters and sounds (aphaersis, syncope, apocope)
- The switching of letters and sounds (antisthecon, metathesis)
- Playing with the structure of sentences
- Words (seem to) get lost (ellipsis, zeugma...)
- Repetions of words (epizeuxis, polyptoton, antanaclasis...)
- Figures of an unusual arrangement of clauses and thoughts (auxesis, isocolon, chiasmus, antithesis, periphrasis...)
- Peculiar thoughts (adynaton, aporia, correctio...)
Tropes: not to be taken literally: (metaphor, metonymy, synekdoche, metalepsis, irony...)
Figures of Speech
- accumulation: Summarization of previous arguments in a forceful manner
- adnominatio: Repetition of a word with a change in letter or sound
- alliteration: A series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike
- anacoluthon: A change in the syntax within a sentence
- anadiplosis: Repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another
- anaphora: The repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
- anastrophe: Inversion of the usual word order
- anticlimax: the arrangement of words in order of decreasing importance
- antimetabole: Repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order
- antistrophe: The repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of successive clauses
- antithesis: The juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas
- aphorismus: statement that calls into question the definition of a word
- aposiopesis: Breaking off or pausing speech for dramatic or emotional effect
- apostrophe: Directing the attention away from the audience and to a personified abstraction
- apposition: The placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first
- assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse
- asteismus: Facetious or mocking answer that plays on a word
- asyndeton: Omission of conjunctions between related clauses
- cacophony: The juxtaposition of words producing a harsh sound
- classification (literature & grammar): linking a proper noun and a common noun with an article
- chiasmus: Reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses
- climax: The arrangement of words in order of increasing importance
- consonance: The repetition of consonant sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse
- Diorimazeau
- dystmesis: A synonym for tmesis
- ellipsis: Omission of words
- enallage: The substitution of forms that are grammatically different, but have the same meaning
- enthymeme: Informal method of presenting a syllogism
- epanalepsis: Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence.
- epistrophe: The counterpart of anaphora
- euphony: This is the opposite of cacophony - i.e. pleasant sounding
- hendiadys: Use of two nouns to express an idea when the normal structure would be a noun and a modifier
- hendiatris: Use of three nouns to express one idea
- hypallage: Changing the order of words so that they are associated with words normally associated with others
- hyperbaton: Schemes featuring unusual or inverted word order
- isocolon: Use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses
- internal rhyme : Using two or more rhyming words in the same sentence
- kenning: A metonymic compound where the terms together form a sort of synecdoche
- non sequitur: a statement that bears no relationship to the context preceding
- merism: Referring to a whole by enumerating some of its parts
- parallelism: The use of similar structures in two or more clauses
- paraprosdokian: Unexpected ending or truncation of a clause
- parenthesis: Insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence
- paroemion: A resolute alliteration in which every word in a sentence or phrase begins with the same letter
- parrhesia: Speaking openly or boldly, or apologizing for doing so (declaring to do so)
- perissologia: The fault of wordiness
- pleonasm: The use of superfluous or redundant words
- polyptoton: Repetition of words derived from the same root
- polysyndeton: Repetition of conjunctions
- pun: When a word or phrase is used in two different senses
- sibilance: Repetition of letter 's', it is a form of alliteration
- synchysis: Interlocked word order
- synesis: An agreement of words according to the sense, and not the grammatical form
- synizesis: The pronunciation of two juxtaposed vowels or diphthongs as a single sound
- synonymia: The use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence
- tautology: Redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice
- tmesis: Division of the elements of a compound word
Tropes
- allegory: An extended metaphor in which a story is told to illustrate an important attribute of the subject
- allusion: An indirect reference to another work of literature or art
- anacoenosis: Posing a question to an audience, often with the implication that it shares a common interest with the speaker
- antanaclasis: A form of pun in which a word is repeated in two different senses
- anthimeria: The substitution of one part of speech for another, often turning a noun into a verb
- antiphrasis: A word or words used contradictory to their usual meaning, often with irony
- antonomasia: The substitution of a phrase for a proper name or vice versa
- aphorism: A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion, an adage
- apophasis: Invoking an idea by denying its invocation
- aporia: Deliberating with oneself, often with the use of rhetorical questions
- apostrophe: Addressing a thing, an abstraction or a person not present
- archaism: Use of an obsolete, archaic, word(a word used in olden language, e.g. Shakespeare's language)
- auxesis: A form of hyperbole, in which a more important sounding word is used in place of a more descriptive term
- catachresis: A mixed metaphor (sometimes used by design and sometimes a rhetorical fault)
- circumlocution: "Talking around" a topic by substituting or adding words, as in euphemism or periphrasis
- commiseration: Evoking pity in the audience.
- correctio: Linguistic device used for correcting one's mistakes, a form of which is epanorthosis.
- denominatio: Another word for metonymy
- epanorthosis: Immediate and emphatic self-correction, often following a slip of the tongue.
- erotema: Synonym for rhetorical question
- euphemism: Substitution of a less offensive or more agreeable term for another
- hermeneia: Repetition for the purpose of interpreting what has already been said
- hyperbole: Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis
- hypophora: Answering one's own rhetorical question at length
- hysteron proteron: Reversal of anticipated order of events
- innuendo: Having a hidden meaning in a sentence that makes sense whether it is detected or not
- invocation: An apostrophe to a god or muse
- irony: Use of word in a way that conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning
- litotes: Emphasizing the magnitude of a statement by denying its opposite
- malapropism: Using a word through confusion with a word that sounds similar
- meiosis: Use of understatement, usually to diminish the importance of something
- metalepsis: Referring to something through reference to another thing to which it is remotely related
- metaphor: An implied comparison of two unlike things
- metonymy: Substitution of a word to suggest what is really meant
- neologism: The use of a word or term that has recently been created, or has been in use for a short time. Opposite of archaism.
- onomatopoeia: Words that sound like their meaning
- oxymoron: Using two terms together, that normally contradict each other
- parable: An extended metaphor told as an anecdote to illustrate or teach a moral lesson
- paradox: Use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth
- paralipsis: Drawing attention to something while pretending to pass it over
- paronomasia: A form of pun, in which words similar in sound but with different meanings are used
- pathetic fallacy: Using a word that refers to a human action on something non-human
- periphrasis: Substitution of a word or phrase for a proper name
- personification/prosopopoeia/anthropomorphism: Attributing applying human qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena
- praeteritio: Another word for paralipsis
- procatalepsis: Refuting anticipated objections as part of the main argument
- prolepsis: Another word for procatalepsis
- proslepsis: An extreme form of paralipsis in which the speaker provides great detail while feigning to pass over a topic
- rhetorical question: Asking a question as a way of asserting something. Or asking a question not for the sake of getting an answer but for asserting something (or as for in a poem for creating a poetic effect).
- simile: An explicit comparison between two things
- syllepsis: A form of pun, in which a single word is used to modify two other words, with which it normally would have differing meanings
- synecdoche: A form of metonymy, in which a part stands for the whole
- synesthesia: The description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another.
- transferred epithet: The placing of an adjective with what appears to be the incorrect noun
- truism: a self-evident statement
- tricolon diminuens: A combination of three elements, each decreasing in size
- tricolon crescens: A combination of three elements, each increasing in size
- zeugma: a figure of speech related to syllepsis, but different in that the word used as a modifier is not compatible with one of the two words it modifies
- zoomorphism: applying animal characteristics to humans or gods