Difference between revisions of "Figures of Speech"
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!bgcolor=#D5D5FF align="left"| Example | !bgcolor=#D5D5FF align="left"| Example | ||
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− | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| ''' ''' | + | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| '''adynaton''' |
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| the impossibility of expressing oneself adequately to the topic | ||
|bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| '''aporia''' | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| true or feigned doubt or deliberation about an issue | ||
|bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| ''' ''' | + | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| '''correctio''' |
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| a correction or revision of previous words | ||
|bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| '''prosopopoeia''' | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| representing an imaginary or absent person as speaking or acting; attributing life, speech or inanimate qualities to dumb or inanimate objects | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#D5D5FF valign="top" align="left"| '''apostrophe''' | ||
+ | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| a diversion of discourse from the topic at hand to addressing some person or thing, either present or absent | ||
|bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | |bgcolor=#efefef valign="top" align="left"| | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | more: anthimeria | |
− | + | ||
[[Category:Handout|Figurative Speech]] | [[Category:Handout|Figurative Speech]] |
Revision as of 13:38, 2 June 2007
Contents
Tropes: not to be taken literally
Name Explanation Example metaphor metonymy synekdoche metalepsis irony paradox oxymoron litotes hyperbole
Metaplastic figures: playing with spelling and sound
The addition of letters and sounds
Name Explanation Example prosthesis addition of letters to the beginning of a word epenthesis addition of letters to the middle of a word paragoge addition of letters to the end of a word
The omission of letters and sounds
Name Explanation Example aphaersis omission of letters to the beginning of a word syncope omission of letters to the middle of a word apocope omission of letters to the end of a word
The switching of letters and sounds
Name Explanation Example antisthecon substitution of a letter or sound for another within a word metathesis transposition of a letter out of its normal order in a word
Combinations of these factors
synaeresis
Playing with the structure of sentences
Words (seem to) get lost
Name Explanation Example ellipsis omission of a word zeugma an ellipsis of a verb, in which one verb is used to govern several clauses scesis onamaton omission of the verb of a sentence anapodoton omission of a clause aposiopesis stopping a sentence in midcourse so that the statement is unfinished occupatio The orator promises not to speak of a certain thing - and does it the more provocatively by doing so
Repetions of words
Name Explanation Example epizeuxis emphatic repetition of a word with no other words between polyptoton repetition of the same word or root in different grammatical functions or forms antanaclasis repetition of a word, but in two different meanings anaphora repetition of a word at the beginning of a clause, line, or sentence epistrophe repetition of a word at the end of a clause, line, or sentence I'll have my bond!/ Speak not against my bond!/ I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond.---The Merchant of Venice, 3.3.4 symploce repetition of both beginnings and endings epanalepsis repetition of the beginning at the end anadiplosis repetition of the end of a line or clause at the next beginning Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know,/ Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain ---Sir Philip Sidney, Loving in Truth (1591) gradatio congeries a heaping together and piling up of many words that have a similar meaning antimetabole repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order; a chiasmus on the level of words (AB; BA) pleonasm
Figures of an unusual aarangement of clauses and thoughts
Name Explanation Example auxesis arrangement of clauses or sentences in ascending order of importance isocolon repetition of phrases or clauses of equal length and corresponding grammatical structure chiasmus reversal of grammatical structures or ideas in sucessive phrases or clauses, which do not necessarily involve a repetition of words antithesis repetition of clauses or idea by negation periphrasis the replacement of a single word by several which together have the same meaning; a substitution of more words for less anastrophe arrangment by reversal of ordinary word order, usually confined to the transposition of two words only hyperbaton hypallage a reversal of words which seems to change the sense parenthesis a word, phrase, or sentence inserted as an aside in a sentence complete by itself
Peculiar thoughts
Name Explanation Example adynaton the impossibility of expressing oneself adequately to the topic aporia true or feigned doubt or deliberation about an issue correctio a correction or revision of previous words prosopopoeia representing an imaginary or absent person as speaking or acting; attributing life, speech or inanimate qualities to dumb or inanimate objects apostrophe a diversion of discourse from the topic at hand to addressing some person or thing, either present or absent
more: anthimeria