Difference between revisions of "BM2-3 Anglophone Expansion:Timeline"

From Angl-Am
Jump to: navigation, search
(Franco-Norman and French Influence)
(Franco-Norman and French Influence)
Line 58: Line 58:
 
== Franco-Norman and French Influence ==
 
== Franco-Norman and French Influence ==
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_French_origin English words of French origin]
*1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King.
+
* 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.
*1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown
+
* 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England
*Orientation towards continent, support of crusades, nobility francophone, French poetry
+
* 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England Norman Conquest of England]
*1204 French troupes occupy Franco-Norman Rouen, English nobility
+
* 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet
*1215 Magna Charta, granted to avoid conflict with English barons, strengthens parliament
+
* 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown
*Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons
+
* 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France
*Eduard I (1227-1307) strengthens English language
+
* 1215 John Lackland has to grant the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta Magna Carta] to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened
 +
* Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons
 +
* Eduard I (1227-1307)  
 
*1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism
 
*1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism
  

Revision as of 20:22, 24 October 2008

Global anglophone culture

Prehistoric Times

  • 700,000 years ago: human settlements on later British soil, the later British Islands still part of the continental shelf. Several several glacial and interglacial periods in which hunter-gatherers appear and reappear
  • 70,000 and 10,000 years ago: last ice age, extreme cold snap between 22,000 and 13,000 years ago
  • 7500 to 6000 years ago: Meltwater causes see level rise of 120 m, and separation of Ireland from Britsh mainland, and of British isles from continental shelf
  • Stone age settlements by peoples who might have sopken an early version of modern Basque (genetic evidence, megalith culture)
  • 3100-1600 BC Stonehenge in use. Similar constructs of megalith culture can be found all over western Europe
  • Prehistoric hill figures like the Uffington White Horse (1400 and 600 BC)

Celts

  • Invasions of early iron age tribes of the Hallstatt culture, or
  • Gradual cultural development following western and central European developments
  • 50 BC celitic language(s) spoken throughout the British isles
  • 43-410 Romanisation of Celts in modern England
  • 410-600 Retreat of Celts under pressure of Anglo-Saxon tribes to Wales and French Brittany, see Wikipedia article on Breton language (alternative theory: Brittany developed as part of the western Celtic culture).

Romans

  • 51 BC Julius Caesar tries to invade Britsih isles
  • 41 AD second Roman attempt to set foot on British isles
  • 43 Roman 4-5 legions (40,000 soldiers) led by Aulus Plautius invade British mainland (called for military support by Britsih tribes against northern Picts. Londinium (London) founded that year
  • Roman infrastructure, fortified towns connected by roads, exploitation of Gold and silver mines as lucrative target.
  • 122 Hadrian’s wall begun, with 12 fortresses
  • 142 Antonine's wall map
  • 3rd century first Christian communities
  • 360 period of instability begins with attacks of Picts, Scots and Saxons
  • 408-410 Romans leave Great Britain, power vacuum

Angels, Saxons, Jutes

  • Invasion theory according to Bede’s Chronicle (731)
  • 360-410 Germanic mercenaries in Britain
  • 449 Vortigern calls Saxon leaders to protect his kingdom against Picts
  • Waves of Saxons, Angels and Jutes found kingdoms on British soil
  • Celtic tribes retreat to Wales and settle in French Brittany
  • 597 Begin of Christianisation under St. Augustin
  • conflicts between Anglo-Saxon kingdoms over supremacy Heptarchy
  • Wessex gains supremacy under Alfred the Great (871-899)

Roman Catholicism

Vikings, Danes

  • Viking raids of monestaries and towns that can be reached throgh rivers
  • Viking settlements in northern England (cultural integration, so language evidence)
  • 1014-1042 Danish Rule, Aethelred forced to flee to France, succession ends with son of Canute the Great
  • 1042 Aethered‘s son – married into Franco-Norman family – seizes throne (hence later French claims on English crown)
  • Vikings occupy Orkney and Shetland, strong ties between Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia
  • See Words of Old Norse origin
  • See Wikipedia article of Skandinavian Runstones that refer to England

Franco-Norman and French Influence

  • English words of French origin
  • 1002 Aethelred II marries Emma, daughter of the Duke of Normandy. Edward the Confessor is their son. Ties with France begin here. Emmas second maraige is with Canute the Great of Denmark and King of England till 1035 - Edward hence half brother to Canute's son and scuccessor Cantue III who died after two years in power, leaving the throne to Edward.
  • 1041-1066 Edward the Confessor King of England
  • 1066 Battle of Hastings, Franco-Norman William I becomes English King. See Wikipedia on Norman Conquest of England
  • 1154 Succession: Power goes from House of Normandy to House of Plantagenet
  • 1164 law reform under Henry II to the advantage of the crown
  • 1204 French troupes occupy Rouen, begin of conflicts of House of Plantagenet with France
  • 1215 John Lackland has to grant the Magna Carta to avoid conflict with English barons, parliament and civil rights strengthened
  • Henry III (1216-1272) increases French influence, conflicts with English Barons
  • Eduard I (1227-1307)
  • 1339-1453 Hundred Years War against France, rise of English Nationalism

The British as Naval Power

Great Britain and North American Colonies

Great Britain and Westindies

Great Britain and Africa

Great Britain and India

Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand

Great Britain and Canada

USA and Latin America

USA and Europe

USA and East Asia

USA and Middle East