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Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T20:06:26Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Galahad */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate son of King Brandgore´s daughter) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight (XII.9). He is also called Sir Bors de Ganys.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knighted by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer (XVII.15-16).
Son of King Ban (XII.8), other name: Chevalier Malfet – the knight that has trespassed (XII).

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall) de Galis ===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)
Brother to Sir Lamorak(†) and Sir Agloual (XII.7).

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.3). She had killed his mother and Balyn is said to have killed her brother.

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T20:03:29Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Lady of the Lake */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate son of King Brandgore´s daughter) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight (XII.9). He is also called Sir Bors de Ganys.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knightd by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer (XVII.15-16).
Son of King Ban (XII.8), other name: Chevalier Malfet – the knight that has trespassed (XII).

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall) de Galis ===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)
Brother to Sir Lamorak(†) and Sir Agloual (XII.7).

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.3). She had killed his mother and Balyn is said to have killed her brother.

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T19:58:57Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Bors of Gaule */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate son of King Brandgore´s daughter) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight (XII.9). He is also called Sir Bors de Ganys.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knightd by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer (XVII.15-16).
Son of King Ban (XII.8), other name: Chevalier Malfet – the knight that has trespassed (XII).

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall) de Galis ===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)
Brother to Sir Lamorak(†) and Sir Agloual (XII.7).

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.?).

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T19:54:08Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Parcival (Percyvall) */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate?) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knightd by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer (XVII.15-16).
Son of King Ban (XII.8), other name: Chevalier Malfet – the knight that has trespassed (XII).

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall) de Galis ===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)
Brother to Sir Lamorak(†) and Sir Agloual (XII.7).

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.?).

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T19:48:21Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Lancelot du Lake */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate?) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knightd by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer (XVII.15-16).
Son of King Ban (XII.8), other name: Chevalier Malfet – the knight that has trespassed (XII).

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall)===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.?).

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

Le Morte Darthur Characters

2007-12-16T19:39:20Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: /* Elayne (Elaine) */

This shall become a list of all characters in the Caxton Morte D’Arthur. A division is (provisorically) made between MAIN Characters (on top) and minor characters (further below), each within ordered alphabetically (use common sense: (King) Arthur under A, Duke of Tyntagil under T, etc..
Since there are often lots of variants of spellings, alternatives should be given in brackets behind the name. Generally, a spelling with i has been chosen as main spelling, e's at the end were omitted, i.e. the "standard" name follows a somewhat modernised spelling.

(Important) Appearances should be abbreviated in the Book.Chapter format (e.g. I.1). If there are earlier mentions of a special relation to sb., please replace with the earlier mention. If there are contradictions, state both.

Current distinctions are made between kings, knights and others. Special groupings are listed in the end. Crosslinking is currently missing.
Suggestion for genealogy: List only the closest relations (i.e.: Gawain: Son of Lot of Lothien and Morgause). Note proper reference as above. Do not list further relations that can be easily deduced, i.e. Gawain being nephew to Arthur due to Morgause being Arthur's half-sister (on the mother's side); UNLESS it is especially important at one point.
These suggestions are free to debate.
Feel also free to move characters around...especially from unimportant to important. Importance is to be seen not in the whole book but also for high importance in smaller parts.

Characters added for Books: 1 (complete); 13 (complete)

=Main Characters=
Main Characters take a prominent role in at least one part of the book. Generally, replacing their name would screw up the narrative and/or relation at whole. They are notable for certain feats or deeds (often in other Romaunces of their own) or their genealogical relations. Omitting them or changing their name would create confusion/irritation.

==Kings==

===Arthur===
Son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Declines allegiance to Rome twice (I.23, V.1) and consequently becomes Roman Emperor, conquering the empire (V). Lets slay all children born on May Day due to a prophecy of Merlin (I.27)

===Bans of Benwic===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas.

===Bors of Gaule===
Ally to Arthur by advice of Merlin (I.10ff.); at war with King Claudas. He is lead to the magic ship and send on a journey by God (meeting Galahad and Percival) (XVII.1-11); As fortold by Percival's sister he is the only knight that returns to Arthur's court and brings news about Percival and Galahad (VII.18)
Bors is the father of Helyn le Blank (illegitimate?) who is taken to king Arthur's court and made knight.

===King Claudas===
At war with Bans of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10).

===The King with the Hundred Knights===
Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lot of Lothien and Orkney (Lott)===
Husband to Morgause (I.2), father to Gawain (I.2), Gaheris, Aggrevain and Gareth (I.19). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff). Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Pellinore of the Isles (Pellynore)===
Hunts the Questing Beast (Beast Glatisant) (I.19). Fights and defeats Arthur who is saved only by Merlin. Prophecied to be father of Parcival and Lamorake of Wales; also prophecied to tell Arthur Mordred's name and thus herald the end of his realm (I.23f)

===Royns of North Wales (Ryens, Ryons)===
Wages war against Lodegreaunce (I.17), enemy to Arthur. Eventually overcomes the 11 kings and challenges Arthur to accept him as overlord - Arthur declines (I.26) and Royns musters a great host (I.27)

===Uriens of Gore (Uryens)===
Husband to Morgan le Fey. Father to Ewayns le Blanche Mayn (I.2). Wages war against Arthur (I.8ff); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12); Father of Sir Uwain (I.12)

===Uther Pendragon===
Father to Artus, married to Igraine after begetting Arthur on her without her knowledge. Is assisted by Merlin. Goes into battle a last time before he dies of illness (I.1-I.5).

==Knights==

===Aggrevain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Ector===
Foster-father of Arthur, selected by Merlin; father of Kay (I.3). Asks for his son to be made seneschall (I.6).
"Hector de Marys" - same guy?
Is defeated by Galahad (XVII.1) and (magically) denied entrance to castle "Carbonek" as he has fallen from the service of the Lord and is not a knight of the Quest. He claims to be Lancelot's brother as well. (XVII.16)

===Gaheris===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Galahad===
Son of Lancelot du Lake. Knightd by his father (XII.1), destined to draw Balyn's sword out of the stone, which he does (XII.3-5). Therewith he follows his father as most powerful knight in the world. Is resembling Lancelot greatly and stems in the ninth degree from Christ (XII.7). Takes a lance from Arthur's knights but acquires a shield later, which comes from Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9-10). Defeats a fiend assisted by angels (XII.12) Is without sin and therefore defeats their embodiments (XII.13-16) but without slaying them. He duels with Lancelot and Parcival (nobody recognising the other) and is victorious, then flees (XII.17)

He successfully fights Sirs Hector and Gawayn, almost killing the later. (XVII.1) Receives the magic "Sword of the Strange Girdles" (Sword of David) from King Solomons magic ship (XVII. 7). Is a virgin and has therefore special powers. (VXIII.18) Is fortold, by Percival's sister, to be buried near the city of Sarras.(XVII. 1) Receives visons and is said to be destined to end the Quest for the Grail and to learn secrets from God (XVII.9)Furthermore he is deeply devout. (e.g. several mentions of attending mass, praying etc. throughout XVII - .12 for instance)

===Gareth===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.19).

===Gawain===
Son of Morgause and King Lot of Lothien (I.2). Is told to never achieved the grail since he is wicked but refuses to repent (XIII.16).

===Sir Kay (Kaynus, Kaynes)===
Son of Sir Ector (I.3), foster-brother of Arthur. Asks Arthur to fetch hsi sword upo which occasion Arthur pulls the sword in the stone out of the stone (I.3). Kay himself is claiming to have done it but tells the truth upon oath. He is made seneschall by Arthur and at various occasions portraied as arrogant and condescending, esp. on Gareth.

===Lamorake of Wales===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24).

===Lancelot du Lake===
Long time most powerful knight in the world (even if he does not say so himself) until he is followed in this by his son Galahad (XII.5) by whom he is eventually defeated (without first knowing it) (XIII.17). Sinful in his love to Guinevere (adultery). He repents and confesses and swears to avoid her whenever possible after being unable to reach the Grail (XII.17-20). Was led to the grail on Solomon's ship, saw it and was punished (as he sees it) for 25 sinful years with 25 days of "coma" after trying to go nearer. (XVII.15-16)

===Mordred===
Bastard-son of Arthur and Morgause (I.19). Survives the May Day Massacre intended to kill him, is taken up by a foster father and later brought to Arthur's court [a story which Mallory says he will tell later but in fact never tells] (I.27)

===Parcival (Percyvall)===
Son of King Pellinore (I.24). Eventually defeated by Galahad (XIII.17) Has an unknown ,deeply spiritual, sister, who seeks him out in the company of Galahad and aids him in his quest. (XVII.4-11)

==Others==

===Gwenhyvere===
Daughter of King Lodegreaunce of Camylerde (I.17), later wife to Arthur (???).

===Igraine (Igrayne)===
Wife to the Duke of Tyntagil (I.1), who is said to be wise and evades a seduction by Uther. Later wife of Uther Pendragon (I.2), and mother of Arthur by said Uther through a plot furthered by Merlin (I.2)

===Merlin (Merlyn, Merlyon)===
Eminence Grise, prophet, magician, generally not liked too much by friends and foes alike; prophecies the end of Arthur's court as well as various events. Reveals Arthur's descent (I.7). Advises Arthur to call for King Ban of Benwic and Bors of Gaule (I.10). Advises Arthur further in his battles against the 11 kings (I.12ff). Explains Arthur's origin (I.21). Advises Arthur to kill all May Day children (I.27). [list them!]; ultimately falls in love with Nineve, a lady of the lake, and becomes trapped by her under a stone (IV.1) where he remains.

===Morgan le Fey===
Third sister, daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). (I.2). Sister to Elayne and Morgause. Learns Necromancy in a nunnery. Later marries Kyng Uriens of Gore whi is father of Sir Ewain the blanche Mains (I.2).

===Morgause (Margeuse, Margawse)===
Wife to King Lot of Lothien, mother to Gawain; daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Siter to Elayne and Morgan le Fey (I.2). Mother of Gaheris, Agrevain and Gareth (I.19). Visits King Arthur's court and begets Mordred on him (I.19)

==Groupings==

===The 11 Kings===
The 11 Kings swear an oath to destory Arthur: Duke of Candebenet, Brandegoris of Strangore, Clarihaus of Northuberland, The King with the Hundred Knights, Lot of Lothien, Uriens of Gore, Idres of cornwall, Cradilmans, Anguisshauns, Nentres of Garlot, Carados. (I.12) Eventually subdued by King Royns.

=Minor Characters=
These characters are often only names without further porminence. They are knights that get defeated, participate in jousts, quests, and battles or ladies offering a quest. Generally they could easily be replaced by any other name and nobody would ever notice.

==Kings==

===Anguisshauns of Ireland (Anwysshauns)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Brandeforis of Strangore===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Carados===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Duke of Candebenet===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Clarihaus of Northumberland===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Cradilmans (Cradilmente, Cradilmasse)===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Idres of Conrwall===
Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

===Lodegreaunce of Camylarde===
Is attacked by Royns; Arthur asists Lodegreanunce (I.17). Father to Gwenhyvere.

===Morganore (Morganoure)===
Seneschall of the King with the Hundred Knights (I.14). Killed by Ban (I.16).

===Nentres of Garlot===
Husband to Elayne (I.2); Among the 11 kings swearing an oath against Arthur (I.12).

==Knights==

===Annecians===
Godson of King Bors, noble knight. (I.17)

===Bagdemagus===
Contemplates taking on the adventure of the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9).

===Barcias (Barsias, Brascias, Brastias)===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3). Escorts Arthur later (I.6). Made warden upon the North (I.7), messenger to Ban and Bors (I.10).

===Bawdewyn of Britain===
Escorts Arthur (I.6). Is made Constable (I.7).

===Bloyas de Flaundres===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Borre===
Son of Arthur and Lyonors (I.17)

===Bors===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1)

===Bryaunte===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Clarinaus de la Forest Savage===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Egglamore (Egglame)===
Flees from Pellinore (I.25)

===Ewayns le Blaunche Mayn===
Son of King Uriens of Gore (I.2)

===Gracian===
A lord of France. Sent back to hold his castle (I.11)

===Gryfflet (Gryflett, Gryflette)===
Son of God[!] of Cardal (I.10).

===Gwenhaus===
Brother to Ban and Bors, a wise clerk (I.11).

===Gwynas===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.15).

===Gwyniarte de Bloy===
A knight fighting on Arthur's side (I.14).

===Jordans===
A knight of the Duke's of Tyntagil (I.3).

===Ioſeph of Armathye===
Took the blood of Christ Ioſeph of Armathye (XIII.10) and bore a shield which is passed on to Galahad by prophecy (XIII.11). His legend is told in (XIII.10-1).

===La Cote Male Tayle===
A stranger who comes to Arthur's court, wearing the damaged coat in which his father was murdered. He becomes one of Arthur's knights. (IX.1)

===Ladynas===
Duels with Gryfflet in a joust between Arthur's knights and Bors and Bans(I.11).

===Lardans===
Knight fighting against Arthur (I.14).

===Lionel===
Cousin to Lancelot (XII.1).

===Lucas the Butler===
Son of Duke Corneus (I.10).

===Lyonses (Lionse)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Marys de la Roche===
Fights for Arthur (I.15).

===Melias de Lille===
First squire to Galahad, then knighted by him (XIII.12). Shortly thereafter falling prey to pride and greed and almost mortally wounded but rescued by Galahad and taken care of by a hermit (XIII.13-4).

===Naram===
Knows King Royns (I.26).

===Palomydes===
Follows King Pellinore in hunting the Questing Beast later (I.19).

===Placidas===
A knight of France (I.10). Sent back to hold his castle.

===Pharyaunce (Pheriaunce)===
Lord of Bayarne, servant(?) of Bans and Bors (I.10).

===Duke of Tyntagil===
Husband to Igrayne and commander of the castles of Tyntagil and Terrabil. Is in war with Uther Pendragon and eventually defeated and killed in the siege of Terrabil. (I.1-I.2)

===Ulfyus (Vlfyus)===
A knight in Uther Penragon's service. Helps him to get to Igraine (I.1-I.2) and in battle (I.3). He later serves as guard for Arthur (I.6) and is made Chamberlain (I.7); is messager to Bors and Ban together with Brastias (I.10). He later fights for Arthur, good on foot (I.14) but rescued by Arthur who regards him an 'old friend'; Among the eleven assaulting the three kings (I.17); accuses Igraine to be cause of Arthur's problems but then shifts blame to Merlin (I.21).

===Uwain (Uwayne)===
Son of King Uriens (I.12). Wounded critically when bearing the shield of Ioseph of Armathye (XII.9)

==Others==

===Archbishop of Canterbury===
...

===Elayne (Elaine)===
Wife to King Nentres of Garlot (I.2), daughter of Igraine and the duke of Tyntagil (and thus half-sister to Arthur). Sister to Morgause and Morgan le Fey.
Dame Elayne: Daughter of King Pelles, mother of Galahalt, consort to Launcelot (l.12)

===Lady of the Lake===
Gives Caliburn (Excalibur) to Arthur (I.25) in exchange for a later request. She later requests the head of Balyn who kills her for former deeds against his kin (II.?).

===Lyonors===
Daughter of the Earl of Sanam, gets a child with Arthur: Borre (I.17)

==Groupings==

===40 knights===
40 knights side with Arthzragainst the three kings in I.17: Lyonses, Pheriaunce, Ulfius, Brascias, Ector, Kay, Lucas the Butler, Gryfflet la Fyse de Deu, Marrys de La Roche, Gwynas de Bloy, Bryaunte de la Forest Saveage, Bellaus, Morians of the Castle Maydyns, Flaundres of the Castle of Ladies, Annecians, Ladinas de la Rouse, Emerause, Caulas, Graciens la Castilion, Bloyse de la Case, Colgrevance de Goore [and presumably 20 more].

===12 nuns===
(nameless) Bring Galahad to Lancelot to be knighted (incognito) (XII.1).

===7 Brothers of the Castle of Maidens===
Allegories of the seven sins. Driven away by Galahad; slain by Gawain, Gareth and Uwain (XIII.15; explanation in XIII.16)

Note: Wikipedia has a file of [Arthurian Characters http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters]. These are, however, drastically reduced in number compared to the high number of characters in the Morte d'Arthure. They are, of course, the most well known. (As has been said in the seminar: who woul generally assume the Round Table to consist of 150 knights, some of them eventually deceased and replaced by new ones?) This article does NOT look at the Morte exclusively but at the big Arthurian Tales more in general.

2007-08 AM Patterns of Participation: Literature and Criticism in the 19th and 20th Centuries

2007-12-14T12:24:03Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

* '''Time:''' Thursdays 2-4 pm

==25.10.2007==
Introduction. Technicalities.

==01.11.2007==
[meeting postponed, Akkreditierung]

==08.11.2007==
Nineteenth-Century Concepts of Criticism: Oscar Wilde, “The Critic as Artist” (1889)

'''Questions for next week's discussion (15.11.07):'''

Wilde: ''The Critic as Artist''

How does Wilde arrive at the position in the final paragraph?

What are the implications of this essay for public society? (For example, do they participate or not?)

Arnold: ''The Function of Criticism at the Present Time''

What is Arnold's definition of literature in this essay?

What is his definition of criticism?

What other definitions of criticism are there? What is he against?

What does Arnold say about the relation of criticism to the public, politics, practice, and creativity?

What differences are there between England and the continent?

p.s.. My comments for each session can be found on stud-ip under "discussion".--[[User:Lindsay|Lindsay]] 21:58, 12 November 2007 (CET)

==15.11.2007==
Nineteenth-Century Concepts of Criticism: Matthew Arnold,
“The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” (1864)

'''Genreral questions for session on 29.11.07:'''

How does this poem try to address a public event and discussion? What kind of effect does it hope to create? Is it successful? If so, how is this effect achieved?

==22.11.2007==
[meeting postponed, Conference]
==29.11.2007==
Public Poetry:
Alfred Tennyson, “The Charge of the Light Brigade.” (1854)
(presented by Andreas Sprenkel & Gordon Barnard)

Secondary Reading:
*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1854_11_13_Times_p6-10.pdf ''The Times'', November 13, 1854. ]
*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1854_11_15_Times_p6-8.pdf ''The Times'', November 15, 1854. ]

The handout can be downloaded following this link:

[https://elearning.uni-oldenburg.de/sendfile.php?force_download=1&type=0&file_id=c41f107deda7224ca387460c03bc7e7b&file_name=Handout_-_The_Charge_Of_The_Light_Brigade.pdf Handout to the presentation "The Charge of the Light Brigade"]

==06.12.2007==
Public Poetry: W. B. Yeats, "Easter 1916." (1919)

Questions for our discussion (Dec.06.2007)

1. What impression do the rhyme and the metre create?

2. What is the main theme of the poem? Can you explain how it develops?

3. Can you describe the speaker's position on the event "The Easter Rising"?

IJ

==13.12.2007==

Public Poetry: W. H. Auden, [http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1937_auden_spain_1937.pdf "Spain 1937". ] / [http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15545 "September 1, 1939". ]

[[Etexts and Other Links on Auden]]

'''Questions: Spain - Spain 1937'''

1) "Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow" do structure the poem. What perception of time does Auden have? Does it differ from mankind`s perception?

2) The poem can also be read as a call to action. What`s your opinion?

3) How does the poem discuss the ethics of killing?

'''Questions for the poem: September 1, 1939 by W. H. Auden'''

1. What does the poem tell us about the political event that took place?

2. Who does the speaker consider to be responsible for the situation?

3. Soon after writing the poem, Auden began to turn away from it, because he found it selfflattering.–Why?

Secondary Reading:

[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2004.00279.x?cookieSet=1 Melanie Williams, 2004]

---- the following item needs to be re-scheduled.

Poets as Critics: Political Journalism by T.S.Eliot and Ezra Pound;
[alternatively/ additionally]: Eliot and the Poetics of Modernism: T. S. Eliot, “Tradition and the Individual Talent” vs. Wordsworth, “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads”

==20.12.2007==
Writers as Critics:

[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1924_woolf_mr_bennett_and_mrs_brown.pdf Woolf, Virginia. ''Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown'' (1924) ]

Presentation by Julia Jung, Ann-Katrin Ahlers

Virginia Woolf, ''The Common Reader'' (1925)

Virginia Woolf’s contributions to the Times Literary Supplement

Please read the text carefully and '''think about'''

- what Virginia could have wanted to achieve with this essay (which function does criticism have in it?),

- how reader and writer are connected and

- if Virginia Woolf applies her own criteria of character creation to (within) the description of Mrs Brown.

==10.01.2008==
Exclusionist Writing? V. Woolf. Selected Texts from Monday and Tuesday (1921) <http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91m/>
==17.01.2008==
Implicit and Explicit Politics in James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)
==24.01.2008==
Implicit and Explicit Poetics in James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)
==31.01.2008==
Course Evaluation. – Final Discussion.
==07.02.2008==
Feedback on Course Evaluation. – Discussion of Term Paper Projects.

==Texts==

*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1856_wilde_the_critic_as_artist.pdf Wilde, Oscar. ''The Critic as Artist''. ]
*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1990_arnold_the-function_of_criticism.pdf Arnold, Matthew. "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time". ]
*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1854_tennyson_the_charge_of_the_light_brigade.pdf Tennyson, Alfred. "The Charge of the Light Brigade". ]
*[http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/anglistik/lit-wiss/intro-to-literature/d/1916_yeats_easter_1916.pdf Yeats, W.B. "Easter 1916". ]

[[Category:Winter 2007-2008]]
[[Category:Aufbaumodul]]

Le Morte Darthur Book 6

2007-12-04T17:41:38Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

Chapter 1

After Arthur’s return from Rome, Lancelot du Lake excels in his Lord’s tournaments and is regarded as queen Qwenever´s favourite. At long last, Lancelot leaves to seek adventures together with Sir Lionel, his nephew. After riding a while, Lancelot goes to sleep under an apple tree, while Lionel watches over him. He sees a strong knight, who overwhelms three others and challenges him, without wakening Lancelot first. He, too, must submit, is taken to the knight’s castle, tortured (beaten with thorns) and imprisoned.

Chapter 2

Enter Sir Hector, who leaves Arthur’s court, to seek Lancelot and his brother Lionel. He meets a game–keeper, who tells him of a strange tree covered with shields. On the very same tree, Hector recognizes his brother’s shield and thinks him dead. He challenges the strong knight, by banging on something, which works like a bell. They fight, Hector is able to wound the strong knight, but is captured, tortured and meets his brother in the knight’s dungeon.

Chapter 3

Sir Lancelot sleeps on. Along comes Morgan le fay, three other queens and four knights. They recognize Lancelot, the hero of the tournaments, and want his love. So Morgan le fay casts a spell on him, brings him to her castle, where she asks him (on the next day) to choose one queen as a lover (not unlike the judgement of Paris, I thought) and forswear queen Qwenever. Lancelot refuses the offer very politely.

Chapter 4

Sir Lancelot escapes with the help of a maiden, the daughter of king Bagdemagus, after promising her to fight with her father in next Tuesday’s tournament. He promises to meet them at an abbey. He gets lost in a forest, finds a pavilion and sleeps there until

Chapter 5

Sir Belleus wakens him by mistaking Lancelot for his lover and kisses him. They fight. Lancelot wounds the other man badly and is sorry. Belleus´ lover comes and “wails awey” and presses the promise out of Lancelot, that he will do his utmost to promote Belleus on Arthur’s round table.

Chapter 6

Lancelot meets king Bagdemagus and his daughter at the abbey and renews his promise of support, but asks for three more knights to help him defeat Bagdegamus´ enemy at the tournament. Furthermore he asks for a white shield (which the other knights are supposed to wear as well) to stay annonymous, because he has to fight knights of the Table Round. It is settled and they fight (the four knights with white shields, including Lancelot, plus Bagdegamus and his 40(?) men).

Chapter 7

They overcome the enemy and Lancelot leaves to search for Lyonel. He meets a Lady who leads him to Turquyne who has captured Lyonel. When Lancelot encounters Turquene, he sees Gaherys (Brother of Gawayn) tied up on Turquenes horse. Of course Lancelot challanges him.

Chapter 8

During the long lasting fight they pause because Turquene seeks Lancelots friendship. Turquene tells him that the only one he could never be friends with is the knight that slew his brother - Lancelot. So Lancelot reveales his identity and they continue fighting.

Chapter 9

Not surprisingly Lancelot slays Turquene and unties Gaherys, who is ordered to free the prisoners in the castel. They hold a feast at the castel but 4 knights leave to search for Lancelot.

Chapter 10

The Lady tells Lancelot that a bad knight is terrorizing all the women in this area. They find the knight and Lancelot slays him. He now splits with the lady and travels around the land, when he comes to a brige where a "foul chorle" wouldn't let him pass. When Lancelot has slayn him the townspeople accuse him of that. He walkes into the castle and prepares for battle.

Capter 11

Lancelot slays 2 giants and frees 23 women that were held captive for 7 years. They tell him that this castle is the castel of Tyntangyl, in former time owned by the Duke of Tyntangyl, husband of Igrane, Arthurs mother. He leaves the place and again strives around in the country. He comes to a lodging and is wakend by fighting sounds. Sire Kay is attacked by 3 knights. Lancelot defeates and sends them to Arthurs Court to be prisoners of Quene Gwenever. During the night he takes Sire Kays horse and armor and takes off.

Chapter 12

He comes to a place where 3 knights mistake him for Sire Kay, so they challange him. One of the knights survives and is also sent to Quene Gwenever.

Chapter 13

Sire Sagramour, Sire Ector, Sire Gawaxn and Sir Vwayne also mistaken Lancelot for Sire Kay and want to proove Sire Kays mightyness. Lancelot defeats each one of them and leaves without revealing his identity. They however recognize him.

Chapter 14

And yet again Lancelot rides though some forest where he aspies a brachet. It leades him to a dead knight and the knights lady accuses him of slaying him. He justifies himself that he didnt do it. When he rides though the forest again, another lady he meets, tells him what happend. Her husband fought against the dead knight but is injured. Lancelots quest is to find some sacred cloth & swerd inside the "chappel peryllous".


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Talk:2007-08 AM Le Morte Darthur (1485)

2007-11-28T21:49:48Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

==Just detected this page...==

Hi Olaf,
just stumbled upon this course of yours and incidentally I am just listening to the Connecticut Yankee as an audio book. As far as I have checked it is a completely unaltered reading; don't know if this is helpful or not - personally I sometimes like audiobooks while running or driving to university or doing whatever that requires only part of my concentration: http://librivox.org/a-connecticut-yankee-in-king-arthurs-court-by-mark-twain/
If you do this course and "old stuents" are permitted entry you can almost count on me.
--[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 11:41, 7 July 2007 (CEST)
: I thought you would like it - and of course you are welcome (who is a greater expert on the fantasy world that book created?) --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:42, 7 July 2007 (CEST)
Oh, I believe there are some ;) If you would like to include a recent novel, "Knight Live" might be interesting. It basically tells the story of Arthur being awaken from his sleep in our modern time and now going to help mankind...by first candidating as the mayor of New York. Of course Morgan, Medraud, Merlin, Guinevere, Lancelot and lots of other characters eomwhere got accross the times as well... I would have a German revised edition at my place. (The author recently re-worked the novel since the original was sold out and he felt like he should include some of the more recent developments - the politics of America were hopelessly outdated for example), cf: [http://www.amazon.de/Knight-Life-Peter-David/dp/0441010776/ref=sr_1_1/303-0725016-3608218?ie=UTF8&s=books-intl-de&qid=1183808755&sr=1-1 Amazon] Not the best spoof but an amusing one and pretty recent. (But the Morte and the Yankee are already pretty long, of course) --[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 13:48, 7 July 2007 (CEST)
::My present problem is more to create a mixture of sessions on the text and its contexts... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 19:57, 7 July 2007 (CEST)

The Project Gutenberg etext of the Connecticut Yankee might not really be the best text - but it surely has some nice scans of an 1889 edition and might perchance be worth a look: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/86/86-h/86-h.htm --[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 22:31, 10 July 2007 (CEST)

:beautiful - yes we should read the Yankee in the seminar. If only I had an idea how to get both things done: a seminar on the original text and on these later materials - which will not break into two halves. It might be done by themes - a series of 12 topics which have, however, to be chosen in a way that they do allow a continuous discussion of the 1485 text. Each topic should be well chosen to deal with two new books of the Caxton-text in each session - Caxton's text consists of 21 books. So it could be magic and witchcraft in one session focusing on books 8+9 (have not read them so far) and on let us say Twain's text. Nationalism and books 10-11 and a focus on this and that sort of additional material...

:If only I had time - I am really looking forward to reading the Caxton text... --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 10:54, 11 July 2007 (CEST)

==Regarding a "classic" of Arthurian Fantasy==
I have done some inquiry (by simply asking around on what people who are no strangers to fantasy) would consider a classic of Arthurian fantasy. 
The short answer: there is none. 
The slightly longer answe: There is no real "classic", unless you count Mallory's Morte d'Arthur (which fits the classic part... the fantasy part is not that sure). It seems more like "every Fantasy author must write an Arthurian novel or story" [http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/fantasy_worlds/18489/1 (very short and cursory article)] one day or another. This is taking "arthurian novel" in a very broad sense. It does show, at the very least, that Arthur is still a topic in fantasy today; even in non-Arthurian fantasy there are some traces of the legends surrounding the Round Table. One can observe similar developments in fantasy-related metal and other kinds of music (Blind Guardian: Mordred's Song; A Past and Future Secret...). What is left if there is no one classic? Lots of different interpretations. 
[http://www.amazon.co.uk/I-Am-Mordred-Hodder-Silver/dp/0340749598/ref=sr_1_3/203-1060121-8640731?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1184867601&sr=8-3 I am Mordred] puts, as can be guessed, a lot of emphasis on Mordred and his sight, presenting him in a more positive light than usual. 
[http://www.amazon.de/Mists-Avalon-Avalon/dp/0140177191/ref=sr_1_1/303-0725016-3608218?ie=UTF8&s=books-intl-de&qid=1185136405&sr=1-1 Mists of Avalon] the perhaps most contemporary "classic" Arthurian fantasy similarly shifts focus by using Morgaine's (Morgan Le Fay) and Gwenhwyfar's point of view. 
[http://www.amazon.co.uk/Excalibur-Novel-Arthur-Warlord-Chronicles/dp/0140232877/ref=sr_1_8/203-1060121-8640731?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1184867998&sr=1-8 Excalibur] allegedly puts a more realistic grip onto the story (cannot vouch for that - did not read it myself.
and so on... Moreover, many of those novels are not stand-alone but part of a trilogy or an even larger series of novels. I am afraid it is impossible to find a real classic. The best move might be to have students short presentations abut Arthurian Fantasies they think are classics or original/worthwhile for some reason or the other and maybe read one standalone AF. The Mordred book would be acceptable for length (one book, 192p.; no series) but has the disadvantage(?) of being a children's book. 
--[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 22:40, 22 July 2007 (CEST)

==Verlegung des Seminars==

Ich frage mich gerade, ob das Seminar verlegt werden muß, da ich per e-mail von einem interessierten die Nachricht erhielt, der andere Modulteil (Geleukens) liefe zeitgleich. Muß das noch checken. Sagt mir, wenn es da Terminpräferenzen gibt - oder must nots. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 12:52, 23 July 2007 (CEST)
:Das Seminar wurde schließlich auf Freitag Nachmittag, 16:00-18:00 verlegt - meine Entschuldigung dafür und meinen Dank an [[User:Rustam Usmanov|Rustam Usmanov]], der uns auf die Terminüberschneidung aufmerksam machte. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:06, 21 October 2007 (CEST)

==Organisatorisches: Text, Lese- und Filmabende==

Liebe Seminarteilnehmer/innen

40 Teilnehmer haben sich mittlerweile auf StudIP eingetragen - soviele werden das Seminar wohl nicht besuchen wollen. Mit dem Druckzentrum der Uni handelte ich eine günstige Option aus, wie Ihr an den Text kommen könnt: Um die 10 Euro müßte uns das Exemplar kosten, das als kleines Buch den Caxton Text anbieten wird. Ich werde die 40 Exemplare, die ich drucken ließ, ab Anfang der Woche im Büro haben.

Wer massive Angst vor der Sprache hat, kann das Buch für sich vorab auf Deutsch lesen - Ihr solltet im Seminar jedoch soweit kommen, daß Ihr mit dem Original umgehen könnt.

Ich entschloß mich, die Freitag Abende, die immer Wochenausklang mit Seminaren waren, an unser Artus-Seminar anzuschließen. Wer will, kann den Abend in der Tannenkampstr. 12 am großen Eßtisch verlängern. Den ersten Abend will ich für den Text und die fremde Sprache nutzen - reihum laut lesen. Die Abende werden regulär mit gemeinsamem Kochen und Essen enden. Nach den ersten Abenden, die das Leseverstehen verbessern müßten, sollten wir zu Artusfilmen übergehen, und zusehen, möglichst viele davon anzuschauen. Wer also speziell vor der Sprache Angst hat, sollte sich den kommenden Freitag frei halten für eine gemeinsame Lektüre.

Kommunikation über das Seminar laßt bitte hier laufen. Das hat den Vorteil das andere von Euren Fragen profitieren können,

Gruß --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 16:02, 21 October 2007 (CEST)

== alte Wörter übersetzen ==
Hab mich gerade mal an die ersten Kapitel gesetzt und bin erstaunt wieviel man doch (im Groben) versteht. Gibt es trotzdem irgendwo eine Übersetzungshilfe, bei der man diese alten Wörter nachschlagen kann (am besten natürlich online)?? Ich werd mich zumindest mal auf die Suche begeben, aber vielleicht kennst ihr ja irgendne Adresse--[[User:Sebastian Henatsch|Sebastian Henatsch]] 14:28, 27 October 2007 (CEST)

Und siehe da, hab auch schon wat gefunden: [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/lookup.html The electronic Middle English Dictionary]

:Du hast hinten mein grobes Wörterverzeichnis gesehen? Man lernt, denke ich auch, recht schnell, wie das jeweilige heutige Wort aussähe - und eigentlich ist Mittelenglisch für uns (Platt-)Deutsche sowieso viel einfacher als heutiges Englisch. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:14, 27 October 2007 (CEST)

::[http://www.amandahopkins.co.uk/metrans.htm Amanda Hopkins] (University of Warwick) hat auch eine nette Seite zusammengestellt mit Lernmaterialien fürs Mittelenglische - aufgrund des dortigen Moduls fokussiert auf SGGK (also mit stärkeren skandinavischen Einflüssen) und Chaucer, generell auch eher älter und weniger auf der Grenze zu Early Modern English Einige Links sind dort zu finden zu Hörproben - mit vsch. Dialekt. Mehr Links rund um Romaunces habe ich noch in einer Liste gespeichert aber gerade keinen Zugriff. --[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 15:37, 27 October 2007 (CEST)
:::Schließlich ist da das OED - auf dem Campus online oder über die National-Lizenz online, das Erst-Belege aller Wörter sammelt... http://dictionary.oed.com/
::::nur leider ist das OED NICHT bei dein National-Lizenzen mit dabei....[http://www.nationallizenzen.de/angebote] oder gibts da noch ne andere Lizenzen-Seite?--[[User:Sebastian Henatsch|Sebastian Henatsch]] 18:10, 10 November 2007 (CET)

== Notes, Thoughts, Hints &c. ==
Manchmal stolpert man ja über unerwartet Verbindungen zu einem Seminar zurück und greift unweigerlich zur Lektüre. Als "Erweiterte Artuslektüre" sei auf [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4090 From Ritual to Romance] von Jessie L. Weston hingewiesen, die sich insbes. mit dem Wasteland Motiv auseinander setzt (Buch 17.iii; auch Buch 2 f. d. 'Dolorous Stroke') und wiederum T.S. Eliot angeregt hat [[The Waste Land]] zu schreiben. --[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 21:57, 18 November 2007 (CET)

Just now, I thought about why in the Arthur-tales neither landscape, faces nor weather are described. And I thought, what if, Malory´s head was just full of ideas, which had to get out at all costs. Just think! Isn’t that what you yourself can imagine, preferable to some book or plot or boring essay, that has nothing special to say at all? I am not saying all books are boring, but there are certain genres which repeat the same motive quite often. And a person may choose to invent his or her own stories, not because he or she wants to be read by others, but because he /she simply enjoys doing it. And one does not need to describe faces or surroundings, because he/she can see them in their head – better and clearer than you could ever describe them. There’s no need to be accurate, but a need for the story to develop, to create new food for your mind, or release energy. Now, this is all very speculative. One could ask, why should you waste expensive paper, why should you go through so much trouble? But if you suppose, that people didn’t change much over the centuries, then you can also suppose that they are creative and need a kind of chimney for their ideas to be released, especially if they are in prison (see wikipedia article on Thomas Malory),where time stretches and you might want to escape somehow. And you are alone and have no one to talk to, or if you have, it´s not the kind of company you would wish for. But paper listens and if you write something down, you can cease to think of it, you feel that you don’t betray you thoughts, by ignoring them, but after writing them down, you either make room for new thoughts or develop a peace of mind, at least for a while. In prison or any miserable circumstances really, you have nothing left, but your own thoughts and your honour. And if you are a criminal, you even lost the honour part. What do you think?
This approach is not very scientific – but Malory’s text isn’t either. [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 22:49, 28 November 2007 (CET)

Le Morte Darthur Book 6

2007-11-28T14:57:01Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

Talk:Le Morte Darthur Book 2

2007-11-16T08:20:18Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

I wrote another summary - of the first 10 chapters:
Feel free to edit

Chapter 1:
Arthur moves his court to Camelot, to gather his troops against King Ryons, who is the aggressor. Arthur builds the “council general” and holds tournaments.
Enter a nameless demoiselle, send by the lady Lyelle of Avelyon. The demoiselle is eager to be rid of a sword, which she must carry until a knight, the best of knights, without villainy, treachery or falsehood, may draw it. Neither Arthur nor his knights are able to do so.

Chapter 2:
Enter Balen (or Balyn), a poor knight, former prisoner of Arthur ( he killed A.´s cousin). Balen is clothed in rags, no one believes him to be free of treachery – but he is and draws the sword. The demoiselle wants the sword back. Balen denies her request. She prophesies Balen’s doom. Arthur apologizes for Balen’s treatment (6 month imprisonment). Balen gets ready to take his leave, suddenly in possession of an armour, a horse, and a squire. The other knights accuse him of using witchcraft.

Chapter 3:
Enter Lady of the lake, who gave Arthur Excalibur. She wants payment: Either the head of Balen, or the head of the demoiselle with the sword. Balen is said to have killed her brother, the demoiselle killed the lady´s father. Arthur denies the request. Enter Balen, who holds a grudge against the lady for killing his mother. Balen beheads the lady in front of Arthur. Arthur is angry. Balen sets out to kill the king Ryon in order to restore himself in Arthur´s good graces. His squire sets out to tell Balen´s family and friends of his adventures.

Chapter 4 and 5:
Enter Sir Launceor, prince of Ireland. He loathes Balen and sets out to kill him with Arthur’s blessing.
Enter Merlin, who tells the demoiselles’ of the swords tale: The girl had a lover and brother ( a passyynge good knyght). The brother killed the lover, the demoiselle wanted revenge and turned to the Lady Lyle of Avelyon, who gave her the sword and told her the best of knights, who could draw the sword, would kill her brother for her.
Merlin pities Balen and recommends him to Arthur.
Meanwhile Balen and Launceor meet, fight and Launceor is killed.

Chapter 6:
Enter Launceor´s lover, who grieves and kills herself with Balen’s sword. Balen grieves for both of them and their lost love. Enter Balen’s brother Balan. They are overjoyed to see each other again. Balan promises help in killing the King Ryon

Chapter 7:
Enter a dwarf, who prophecies Balen´s doom. Enter the king of Cornewaille, who initiates the burial of the corpses. Much grief on all sides.

Chapter 8:
Enter Merlin, who decorates the grave and makes 2 prophecies: a) about Lancelot of the lake and Trystram. b) about Blens impending doom (poor man) and that he will wound another knight severely. Exit Merlin. The party depart. Enter Merlin in disguise, refusing to reveal his name, but offering advice to Balen and Balan. Balen correctly identifies Merlin and accepts the offering.

Chapter 9:
They pause until Midnight and capture king Ryons, who was on his way to bed Lady de Vance. They kill his men and cut both the kings’ hands off, until he begs for mercy. Mercy is granted and they take him to Arthur, introduced by Merlin, who had vanished from the scene, after the fight. Balen is now called the knight with the two swords (first mentioned in chapter 8). Merlin warns Arthur: Ryons’ brother Nero will come in the morning with an army.

Chapter 10:
War against Nero. Sir Kay, Hervis de Revell, King Arthur, Balen and Balan do “merveillous” deeds. Enter king Lot of Orkeny, who fights against Arthur, because the former slept with his sister, Lot´s wife. He is also the father of Gawayne. Merlin prophesies the death of one of the kings (Nero is dead already). Lot is slain by Pellinore. Pellinore is slain by Gawayne, 10 years later.

2007-08 AM Le Morte Darthur (1485)

2007-11-09T11:39:31Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

{|align=right width=40%
!bgcolor=#FFFF80|Dieser Kurs in das sogenannte Aquarium A10 1-121a verlegt.
----
denkt über mögliche Arbeitsthemen nach, notiert sie, setzt Eure Namen dahinter (vier Tilden <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> und das Wiki macht daraus eine Unterschrift)
----
Übliche Freitag Abende: 20:00, nach dem Seminar, Tannenkampstr. 12, Wochenausklang dieses Semester mit Tafelrunde und Artus-Filmen. Wäre nett, wenn Ihr mir bei der Filmbeschaffung helfen wolltet. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:38, 4 November 2007 (CET)
|}
* '''Time:''' Fridays 4-6 pm
* '''Place:''' A10 1-121a
* '''Contact:''' [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]]

----

The legendary King Arthur, the mysteries around his sword Excalibur, the stories of his quasi democratic Round Table, Arthur's tragic struggle between love, treason and an all too powerful enemy invading the British Isles have inspired the European audience at least since the early 12th century. The wave of Provencal, Middle High German and Middle English versified Arthurian romances composed around 1200 merged into the production of the first modern European prose romances in the 15th century which culminated - another century later - in the ''Amadis'', the "arch romance" devoured by ''Don Quixote''. The 17th and 18th centuries distanced themselves both from the erroneous histories related here and from the genre of romances they had inspired. A new interest arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the new nationalism of the age, its self proclaimed "romanticism", its quest for lost identities one could hope to find in the "dark ages". A rediscovery of "medieval" texts followed in which the Arthurian world offered the most interesting mythical images; it is today omnipresent as a cultural phenomenon with a mass production of fantasy novels, video games and movies.

The course will focus on William Caxton's edition of Sir Thomas Malroy's ''Le Morte Darthur'' first published in 1485 - most certainly not the elegant, witty and beautiful reading earlier versified romances provided, yet the text which most effectively compiled the plots of the preceding romantic production.

Why was there an audience for this book at the "beginning" of the "Modern Period"? How did it relate to the preceding production of romances and histories? How does it compare to the fashionable ''Amadis'' the next century was to love so much? How does it read within the context of the 19th and 20th century renaissance of the Arthurian world? The course will offer a cultural history of the text and its fictional world.

==Oct 26 2007: Introduction==
Brainstorming. Who needs what? Who is going to conclude this course with a piece of written work? Introduction History of Malory's Book.

==Nov 2, 2007: Reading into the (peculiar) text ==
Discussion of seminar topics - and advice to claim and specify them in the section bellow. We read into ''Le Morte Darthur'', Caxton's preface and chapters 1-3. Concepts of history, aspects of fatalism. Also: Great vowel shift and Caxton's spelling.

==Nov 9, 2007: Caxton's Book 1==
'''Homework:''' Read Book one. Seminar discussion: Arthur's dubious birth, miracles, reading experiences. Also: comparison with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table_%28film%29 ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953)], the movie we eventually watched.

==Nov 16, 2007 ==

==Nov 23, 2007 ==

==Nov 30, 2007 ==

==Dec 7, 2007 ==

==Dec 14, 2007 ==

==Dec 21, 2007 ==

==Jan 11, 2007 ==

==Jan 18, 2008 ==

==Jan 25, 2008 ==

==Feb 1, 2008 ==

==Feb 6, 2008 ==

===Topics===

Those who are planning to join the seminar may contribute thoughts on what they'd like to do in the following list:

* Sources in Europe's mythology and history
* Foreshadowings - a world of predetermination [[User:Katharina K.|Katharina K.]] 21:31, 8 November 2007 (CET)
* Family ties
* Justice [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 12:39, 9 November 2007 (CET) Johanna Ehrhardt
* The use of repetitive patterns
* Who has to solve the problem? - special and normal quests
* Plot constructions
* The renaissance of chivalry at the beginning of the modern era
* Love and gender relations
* Miracles and the Arthurian World
* Politics
* Marriage and fidelity[[User:Freya|Freya]] 09:06, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of violence
* The legitimation of power
* Christianity--An add-on to the story or an inert part of it? Christian Schultz-Brummer[[User:Nahl3372|Nahl3372]] 18:05, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The text which shaped our view of the medieval world: Malory's King Arthur and Mark Twain's ''Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court'' (1889)
* From Fantasy to video game Arthur's table round in modern culture (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org] for modern adaptations of the sujet)
* King Arthur and the Amadis
* The presence of the Arthurian world in the world of chap books
* Individual ideas on Malory's ''King Arthur'' and modern versions and adaptations - be creative, propose topics and we will think about them

===Texts===

First of all: Read a German translation if you feel lost - I began my life with Middle English texts with a reading of Chaucer in German, which I then, a week later, combined with a second reading of the original. I read the original Chaucer aloud to get into the funny language (fill in your Plattdeutsch that helps), with the German text still in my mind I had little problems with the original and soon realised that I could from now onwards read such stuff without reading a German text before.

As to the English texts:

Malory's original manuscript is lost. For more than 400 years the edition Caxton had published in 1485 was the authoritative source. In 1934 the Winchester manuscript was discovered - a text between Malory's and Caxton's text. Traces of Caxton's ink have been found on the manuscript's leafs, Caxton knew the Winchester volume, he did, however, base his own edition on another, lost manuscript.

Modern scholarship has focused on the Winchester manuscript as the better text. The Norton Critical edition - it cost me 16 Euro a couple of months ago - is based on the Winchester manuscript; it includes, however, passages from Caxton's wherever his version is more detailed. The aim is a reconstruction of what might have been Malory's text, a text without omissions. The Norton edition is well commented and equipped with an extensive dictionary as well as a choice of critical articles. It does finally offer the most important sources Malory exploited. The Norton edition is my recommendation for all of you who like to work with a fully commented scientific edition.

I myself am more interested in Caxton's fist edition as published in 1485 and offered by EEBO - the text is, however, difficult to read:

* [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&ACTION=ByID&ID=22102180&FILE=../session/1183624385_29976&SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&DISPLAY=ALPHA Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (London: William Caxton, 1485)]

To facilitate things I offer an html-edition of the same text (scroll down a bit to get beyond the reproduction of the first page):

*[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1485-morte-darthur.html Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (1485) html-text of Caxton's edition]

My impression is that Caxton's is the easier text to read. The publisher focused on the plot, he lost some of the descriptions and he omitted some of the author's self referential remarks. Yet he structured his text and produced a straight forward version. My html-edition (also available as a word-file) is a simple transcript to be read with an additional list of difficult words to be found at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485):Dictionary]] - expand this list, wherever you miss words. I have contacted the Druckzentrum and they promised to provide a print-version of my Caxton html-edition by September. Contact me if you want to start your reading earlier and if you want to read the Caxton text. I will try to provide provisional copies in that case. We should also open Wiki-space at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485): Protagonists]] - for a who is who?

===Literature===

*Eugéne Vinaver, ''Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929).

*Bennett, J. A. W. (ed.), ''Essays on Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).

*Moorman, Charles, ''The Book of King Arthur. The Unity of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (University of Kentucky Press, 1965).

*Matthews, William, ''The Ill-Famed Knight. A sceptical inquiry into the Identity of Thomas Malory'' (Berkeley/ Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966).

*Lambert, Mark, ''Malory. Style and Vision in Le Morte Darthur'' (New Haven/ London: Yale University Press, 1975).

*Benson, Larry D., ''Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Cambridge, Mass./ London: Harvard University Press, 1976). 289 pp.

*Dillon, Bert, ''A Malory Handbook'' (Boston, Mass., G. K. Hall & Co., 1978).

*Ihle, Sandra Ness, ''Malory’s Grail Quest. Invention and Adaptation in Medieval Romance'' (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).

*Whitaker, Muriel, ''Arthur’s Kingdom of Adventure. The World of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer/ Barnes and Noble, 1984).

*Spisak, James W. (ed.), ''Studies in Malory'' (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications western Michigan University, 1985).

*Jackson Parins, Marylyn, ''Malory the Cristical Heritage'' (London/ New York: Routledge, 1988).

*McCarthy, Terence, ''Reading the Morte Darthur'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988), 187 pp. third edition with new title: ''An Introduction to Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 176 pp.

*Takamiya, Toshiyuki/ Brewer, Derek (eds.), ''Aspects of Malory'' (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer/ Rowman & Littlefield, 1991).

*Field, P. J. C., ''The Life an Times of Sir Thomas Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XXIX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993), 218 pp.

*Archibald, Elizabeth/ Edwards A. S. G. (eds.), ''A Companion to Malory'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 252 pp. + Appendix

*Kraemer, Alfred Robert, ''Mallory’s Grail Seekers and Fifteenth-Century English Hagiography'' (New York: Peter Lang, 1999). 105 pp. + Notes

*Field, P. J. C., ''Malory: Texts and Sources'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XL] (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1998), 313 pp.

===Links===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory en.wikipedia.org: Thomas Malory]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur en.wikipedia.org: Le Morte d'Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur in various media]
*[[King Arthur: Films]]

[[Category:Winter 2007-2008]]
[[Category:Aufbaumodul]]

User talk:Olaf Simons/Tae Kwon Do

2007-10-18T18:30:42Z

Johanna Ehrhardt: Geht´s weiter?

Ich muß den Kurs leider heute mit Schnupfen entfallen lassen,

Gruß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:09, 6 July 2007 (CEST)

-----

Das hört sich interessant an! Ab wann soll es denn losgehen?
Ich hätte auf jeden Fall Interesse.
Muss man dazu etwas bestimmtes mitbringen (Handtuch,etc.), bzw. anziehen (z.B. reißfeste oder lange Kleidung ;-))?

Sportliche Grüße

Jasmin Hintz

:Wow, das ging ja flink - Du bis die erste Benutzerin des neuen Wikis. Sei doch so gut und mach einen Account unter Deinem Namen auf, ich will dazu noch eine Mail herumschicken. Klamotten? Normale Straßenkleidung ist gar nicht schlecht für den Anfang. Gerissen wird an deiner Kleidung nicht, aber Du solltest Dich darin frei bewegen können ohne daß was reißt. Ach ja: Anfang ab dem 18.4., Gruß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 20:01, 28 March 2007 (CEST)

Wunderbar...ich hätte im 2. Semester sowieso irgendetwas in dieser Richtung gemacht (Hatha Yoga oder so) als Ausgleich zum Uni- Studien- Alltag... Ich werde auf jeden Fall dabei sein, wenn es von meinem neuen Semesterplan passt. Zu letzten Leseabend komme ich auch... ein paar Gruselgeschichten habe ich auch schon gelesen ;-)
Anfang 18.04. klingt gut. Bin schon gespannt! Literarisch, sportlichen Gruß, Annika Prescher.

P.S.: ..."Sei doch so gut und mach einen Account unter Deinem Namen auf." Wie funktioniert das denn? Kenne mich mit Wiki so gar nicht aus.

:Here you are - click at [[Help:Contents]] for a short introduction. Viel Spaß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:25, 29 March 2007 (CEST)

==Teilnehmerliste==

Vielleicht machen wir eine Liste, Ihr setzt Eure Namen dahin und in Klammern die Tage, an denen ihr mutmaßlich dabei seid, dann gewinnt die Veranstaltung für alle etwas mehr Gesicht, Gruß --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:12, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (einloggen und signieren mit <nowiki>* ~~~~</nowiki>, Datum und Uhrzeit setzt dann das Programm hinzu.

* [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:12, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi, Fr)
* [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 11:18, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi, Fr)
* [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 12:43, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (Fr)
* [[User:Joern Esch|Joern Esch]] 12:42, 4 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi, Fr)
* [[User:Annika Prescher|Annika Prescher]] 18:24, 6 April 2007 (CEST) (Fr)
* [[USer: Jasmin Hintz|Jasmin Hintz]] 07:14, 18 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi)

== Geht´s weiter? ==

Hier meine Frage: Gibt´s auch im Wintersemester wieder eine Tae Kwon Do Gruppe?

Talk:2007 Ü Canterbury Tales

2007-06-11T13:28:43Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

So. Ich habe absolut keine Ahnung wie dieses wiki funktioniert und ob ich hier nicht grade ich-weiß-nicht-was fabriziere - habe die Mail bekommen, "Raumänderung" ist bekannt und - tja - ähm, bis morgen abend. Gruß [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 16:29, 19 April 2007 (CEST)
:Nu, und ist angekommen - also doch ganz einfach. Setze die Seite auf Beobachtung dann kannst Du mitverfolgen, was sich auf ihr tut.

Auch ich versuche mich mal auf der Wiki-Seite, da ich auch die Raumplanänderung zur Kenntnis genommen habe. Bis morgen Abend dann, wie immer mit Kuchen...
[[User:Simone Müller-Fahrenholz|Simone Müller-Fahrenholz]] 20:29, 19 April 2007 (CEST) Simone

N'Abend. Öhm - da ich nicht weiß, wieviel gestern so zwischen Tür und Angel gesagt oder auch nicht gesagt worden ist, wollte ich mich nochmal kurz über wiki für morgen abmelden, da ich am Wochenende arbeiten muss. Zudem stehen Famlienbesuch - und treffen an und auch alles was damit so üblicherweise chaostechnisch einhergeht. Ich werde natürlich alles "nachlesen" was ich verpasst habe. Viel Spaß morgen - Lieber Gruß [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 19:15, 3 May 2007 (CEST)
:Namd Verena, dank Dir für die Abmeldung - sie drang selbst zwischen Tür und Angel durch (auch wenn ich vor dem Seminar mitunter etwas mit meinen Gedanken voraus bin, schon vor der Gruppe stehe, nachdenke, wie ich es mache - und nicht ganz anwesend scheine). (Wenn ich siebzig bin, werde ich das im Griff haben und mit meinem Altzheimer gegengewichten,) lieber Gruß --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 20:48, 3 May 2007 (CEST)

== 8.Juni ==

Hi. Wollte mich kurz für diesen Freitag abmelden, da ich nach Wittenberg fahre. Ich habe Wife of Bath Prologue und Tale gelesen, es wäre aber lieb wenn mir jemand die "Hausaufgaben" für die nächste Woche schreiben könnte. Lieber Gruß, [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 12:51, 4 June 2007 (CEST)

Hallo, ich kann nächsten Freitag leider nicht kommen. Mein Opa hat Geburtstag und ich fahre nach Hause. Eine Frage zum Wife of Bath´s tale: Könnte man Parallelen zu Shakespear´s "Taming of the Shrew" erkennen? Es ist ein bisschen weit hergeholt, aber mir kommt Shakespears Version, wie eine sakarstischere Variante vor. Schließlich verändert Katharina ihr Wesen aufgrund eines Mannes. Allerdings ist dieser Mann ein Grobian, gibt nicht vor ein Gentleman zu sein und will sich auch nicht bessern. Naja, das war eine meiner etwas seltsamen Gedankenbrücken.
Johanna

User talk:Johanna Ehrhardt

2007-05-29T15:52:09Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

Moin Johanna,

Willkommen im Wiki den Instituts. Du hast noch kleine Schwierigkeiten mit dem Editieren? Auf dieser Seite findest Du erste Hilfe [[Help:Contents]]. Beiträge auf Diskussionsseiten unterschreibst Du mit vier Tilden <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> - das Programm macht daraus beim Abspeichern eine Signatur. Viel Spaß und Gruß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:09, 2 April 2007 (CEST)

Guten Morgen! Happy Birthday, Johanna :-) Willkommen im Kreise der "twentysomethings" ;-) Ich wünsche Dir ein schönes Wochenende mit Familie und Freunden in Dresden - lieber Gruß [[User:Verena Engelhardt|Verena Engelhardt]] 09:01, 18 May 2007 (CEST)
:Glückwünsche auch meinerseits (da ich das ganze Wiki über "Recent Changes" beobachte und mir nichts entgeht). --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:26, 18 May 2007 (CEST)

Habt vielen Dank für Eure Glückwünsche!

User talk:Olaf Simons/Tae Kwon Do

2007-04-02T12:43:32Z

Johanna Ehrhardt:

Das hört sich interessant an! Ab wann soll es denn losgehen?
Ich hätte auf jeden Fall Interesse.
Muss man dazu etwas bestimmtes mitbringen (Handtuch,etc.), bzw. anziehen (z.B. reißfeste oder lange Kleidung ;-))?

Sportliche Grüße

Jasmin Hintz

:Wow, das ging ja flink - Du bis die erste Benutzerin des neuen Wikis. Sei doch so gut und mach einen Account unter Deinem Namen auf, ich will dazu noch eine Mail herumschicken. Klamotten? Normale Straßenkleidung ist gar nicht schlecht für den Anfang. Gerissen wird an deiner Kleidung nicht, aber Du solltest Dich darin frei bewegen können ohne daß was reißt. Ach ja: Anfang ab dem 18.4., Gruß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 20:01, 28 March 2007 (CEST)

Wunderbar...ich hätte im 2. Semester sowieso irgendetwas in dieser Richtung gemacht (Hatha Yoga oder so) als Ausgleich zum Uni- Studien- Alltag... Ich werde auf jeden Fall dabei sein, wenn es von meinem neuen Semesterplan passt. Zu letzten Leseabend komme ich auch... ein paar Gruselgeschichten habe ich auch schon gelesen ;-)
Anfang 18.04. klingt gut. Bin schon gespannt! Literarisch, sportlichen Gruß, Annika Prescher.

P.S.: ..."Sei doch so gut und mach einen Account unter Deinem Namen auf." Wie funktioniert das denn? Kenne mich mit Wiki so gar nicht aus.

:Here you are - click at [[Help:Contents]] for a short introduction. Viel Spaß, --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 09:25, 29 March 2007 (CEST)

==Teilnehmerliste==

Vielleicht machen wir eine Liste, Ihr setzt Eure namen dahin und in Klammern die Tage, an denen ihr mutmaßlich dabei seid, das ist für alle Beteiligten angenehm, Gruß --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:12, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (einloggen und signieren mit <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>, Datum und Uhrzeit setzt dann das Programm hinzu.

* [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 11:12, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi, Fr)
* [[User:Anna Auguscik|Anna Auguscik]] 11:18, 2 April 2007 (CEST) (Mi, Fr)

Johanna Ehrhardt (Fr)