Angl-Am - User contributions [en]

2007-08 AM Le Morte Darthur (1485)

2008-02-19T19:50:44Z

Julia Mudder: /* Topics */

{|align=right width=40%
!bgcolor=#FFFF80|Bitte macht Accounts mit Euren Klarnamen auf: Vorname, Leerstelle, Nachname. Wir sollten zudem hier listen, wer an Bord ist, so daß wir miteiander Kontakt im System aufnehmen könnnen. Drei Tilden <nowiki>~~~</nowiki> geben, wenn Ihr eigeloggt seid, beim Abspeichern Euren Namen, vier eine Unterschrift mit Datum).
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Teilnehmerliste (einloggen und mit drei Tilden unterschreiben): [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]],
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* '''Time:''' Fridays 4-6 pm
* '''Place:''' A10 1-121a
* '''Contact:''' [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]]

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===Excerpts/Summaries===
{{Template:Malory 21 Books}}
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The legendary King Arthur, the mysteries around his sword Excalibur, the stories of his quasi democratic Round Table, Arthur's tragic struggle between love, treason and an all too powerful enemy invading the British Isles have inspired the European audience at least since the early 12th century. The wave of Provencal, Middle High German and Middle English versified Arthurian romances composed around 1200 merged into the production of the first modern European prose romances in the 15th century which culminated - another century later - in the ''Amadis'', the "arch romance" devoured by ''Don Quixote''. The 17th and 18th centuries distanced themselves both from the erroneous histories related here and from the genre of romances they had inspired. A new interest arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the new nationalism of the age, its self proclaimed "romanticism", its quest for lost identities one could hope to find in the "dark ages". A rediscovery of "medieval" texts followed in which the Arthurian world offered the most interesting mythical images; it is today omnipresent as a cultural phenomenon with a mass production of fantasy novels, video games and movies.

The course will focus on William Caxton's edition of Sir Thomas Malroy's ''Le Morte Darthur'' first published in 1485 - most certainly not the elegant, witty and beautiful reading earlier versified romances provided, yet the text which most effectively compiled the plots of the preceding romantic production.

Why was there an audience for this book at the "beginning" of the "Modern Period"? How did it relate to the preceding production of romances and histories? How does it compare to the fashionable ''Amadis'' the next century was to love so much? How does it read within the context of the 19th and 20th century renaissance of the Arthurian world? The course will offer a cultural history of the text and its fictional world.

==Oct 26 2007: Introduction==
Brainstorming. Who needs what? Who is going to conclude this course with a piece of written work? Introduction History of Malory's Book.

==Nov 2, 2007: Reading into the (peculiar) text ==
Discussion of seminar topics - and advice to claim and specify them in the section bellow. We read into ''Le Morte Darthur'', Caxton's preface and chapters 1-3. Concepts of history, aspects of fatalism. Also: Great vowel shift and Caxton's spelling.

==Nov 9, 2007: Caxton's Book 1==
'''Homework:''' Read Book one. Seminar discussion: Arthur's dubious birth, miracles, reading experiences. Also: comparison with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table_%28film%29 ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953)], the movie we eventually watched.

==Nov 16, 2007 ==
'''Homework:''' Three Groups read Books 2/3/4 .

'''Class:''' Discussion: Why have the Arthurian and Germanic mythological worlds become that attractive? - Fantasy, NS-Ideology, Lord of the Rings, Starwars. Simple option: We live in a complex time and need the simplified worlds.

Is it just about simplifications? Why has fate become such a topic?

Returning to ''Morte Darthur'' we wondered whether Malory's world is one of clear morality, open conflicts between good and evil. We read into the first books and tried to discuss passages to get a notion of good-evil options, and did not get a simple moralistic point at all.

==Nov 23, 2007: Book 5, Emperor of Rome==
'''Homework:''' Read Book 5.

'''Class:''' History vs. Epic. Is this a world of archaic dimensions?

==Nov 30, 2007: Up to Book 8 ==
We discussed how to take a fast way through the whole text and decided to divide p.250 ff (our edition) into sections of 20 pages - and to produce rather more detailed excerpts. If I remember correctly I have to read pp. 510-530 (and was the last to take my share). In Order to allow others to work with our excerpts we collected topics - on the basis of seminar work individual participants planned, that is they gave ideas of what kind of information they were interested in and wanted the others to look for.

[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] promised to give my table script of the individual questions into this wiki. If you want to quote interesting passages of Caxton's version so that others can work with them you will not have to type them from the page into the wiki. I provided an html version of Caxton's text at:

http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1485-morte-darthur.html

You can quote with copy and paste from this website (use : to indent) as in the following passage:

:Hit befel in the dayes of Vther pendragon when he was kynge of all Englond / and ſo regned that there was a myჳty duke in Cornewaill that helde warre ageynſt hym long tyme / And the duke was called the duke of Tyntagil

I'll create links for the individual books above. When reading your 20 pages, think of what might be interesting in the passages you read, so that we can later refer to your textual observations. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 20:28, 30 November 2007 (CET)

===Blackboard Script (topics of individual research)===
* Aspect of cheap entertainment (Chapbooks)
* Prophecies, predictions of what is to come, moments of reflection when things happened as predicted
* Marriage & Fidelity
* Violence & second thoughts
* Christianity and the heathen world, supernatural incidents, miracles, moments where other mythologies interfere (Herodes who has all male newborns killed and the attempt to kill Mordred as an infant
* Family ties and what they mean
* Gender roles
* Is this text historical or fictional, do we get proofs, sources, doubts second thoughts on the status of the stories. Is it a romance or a book of histories?
* Modern adaptations: key scenes (which that are is yet to be determined)
* Concepts of honour and morality in general and individual
:* Movie adaptations - where they create their own concepts of morality - what is a hero? what is honour?
:* The exploitation of the whole book - note if you come across stories of personnel you found in other contexts
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Not under all circumstances everything strange or noteworthy. Try to determine what importance the 20 pages you read might have for the whole.

--[[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]] 21:30, 30 November 2007 (CET) / --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 15:10, 1 December 2007 (CET)

==Dec 7, 2007: Books 1-18==

==Dec 14, 2007: Books 1-18==

==Dec 21, 2007: The Grail's Queste==
I will offer a summary of Wolfram von Eschenbach's German ''Parzival'' (1200-1215) - we should try together to give a plot outline or rather an outline of the different plots of the grail quest in Malory's ''Morte Darthur''. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 18:56, 20 December 2007 (CET)

==Jan 11, 2007: Arthur's Death, Books 18-21==
Read books 18-21 over Christmas. Add Twain's ''Connetcut Yankee'' for the January 18th session if you find leisure for the relaxing reading.

==Jan 18, 2008: Mark Twain, ''A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court'' (1889)==
Mark Twain: A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court.

An electronic text can be found at [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/86/86-h/86-h.htm Project Gutenberg] - not too well to read online but worth a look for its illustrations. (This is an 1889 edition).

Whoseover feels like not reading but listening to the book might have a look at [http://librivox.org/a-connecticut-yankee-in-king-arthurs-court-by-mark-twain/ Libri Vox] which has a free legal audio of the book (downloadable either by chapter or in a complete zip-file). [[User:Nico Zorn|Nico Zorn]]

==Jan 25, 2008 ==

==Feb 1, 2008 ==

==Feb 8, 2008 ==

===Topics===

Those who are planning to join the seminar may contribute thoughts on what they'd like to do in the following list:

* Sources in Europe's mythology and history[[User:Katharina Debney|Katharina Debney]] 11:44, 23 November 2007 (CET)
* Foreshadowings - a world of predetermination [[User:Katharina K.|Katharina K.]] 21:31, 8 November 2007 (CET)
* Family ties [[User:BettinaKorte|BettinaKorte]] 22:26, 15 November 2007 (CET)
* Justice [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 12:39, 9 November 2007 (CET) Johanna Ehrhardt
* The use of repetitive patterns
* Who has to solve the problem? - special and normal quests
* Love and gender relations
* Miracles and the Arthurian World
* Politics
* Marriage and fidelity[[User:Freya|Freya]] 09:06, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of violence [[User:Inga|Inga]] 13:34, 9 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of power
* Christianity--What is its function in the stories? Christian Schultz-Brummer[[User:Nahl3372|Nahl3372]] 18:05, 7 November 2007 (CET)
*The Heroes at King Arthur's Court: Stereotypes or Individuals?--[[Annika Alberts]] 12:24, 21 December 2007 (CET)
*Battle Scenes
*Hidden and Lost Identities
* A Renaissance of Chivalry at the Beginning of the Modern Era
* Geography in Malory's ''Le More Darthur''
* The Public in Malory's ''Le More Darthur''
* ''Le More Darthur'' - History or Romance?
* The text which shaped our view of the medieval world: Malory's King Arthur and Mark Twain's ''Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court'' (1889)[[User:Ulrich K.|Ulrich K.]] 17:57, 29 November 2007 (CET)
* From Fantasy to video game Arthur's table round in modern culture (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org] for modern adaptations of the sujet) [[User:Jens|Jens]] 11:05, 16 November 2007 (CET)
* King Arthur and the Amadis (Commercializing of King Arthur) --[[User:Sebastian Henatsch|Sebastian Henatsch]] 17:47, 10 November 2007 (CET)
* The presence of the Arthurian world in the world of chap books
* Individual ideas on Malory's ''King Arthur'' and modern versions and adaptations - be creative, propose topics and we will think about them

===Texts===

First of all: Read a German translation if you feel lost - I began my life with Middle English texts with a reading of Chaucer in German, which I then, a week later, combined with a second reading of the original. I read the original Chaucer aloud to get into the funny language (fill in your Plattdeutsch that helps), with the German text still in my mind I had little problems with the original and soon realised that I could from now onwards read such stuff without reading a German text before.

As to the English texts:

Malory's original manuscript is lost. For more than 400 years the edition Caxton had published in 1485 was the authoritative source. In 1934 the Winchester manuscript was discovered - a text between Malory's and Caxton's text. Traces of Caxton's ink have been found on the manuscript's leafs, Caxton knew the Winchester volume, he did, however, base his own edition on another, lost manuscript.

Modern scholarship has focused on the Winchester manuscript as the better text. The Norton Critical edition - it cost me 16 Euro a couple of months ago - is based on the Winchester manuscript; it includes, however, passages from Caxton's wherever his version is more detailed. The aim is a reconstruction of what might have been Malory's text, a text without omissions. The Norton edition is well commented and equipped with an extensive dictionary as well as a choice of critical articles. It does finally offer the most important sources Malory exploited. The Norton edition is my recommendation for all of you who like to work with a fully commented scientific edition.

I myself am more interested in Caxton's fist edition as published in 1485 and offered by EEBO - the text is, however, difficult to read:

* [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&ACTION=ByID&ID=22102180&FILE=../session/1183624385_29976&SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&DISPLAY=ALPHA Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (London: William Caxton, 1485)]

To facilitate things I offer an html-edition of the same text (scroll down a bit to get beyond the reproduction of the first page):

*[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1485-morte-darthur.html Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (1485) html-text of Caxton's edition]

My impression is that Caxton's is the easier text to read. The publisher focused on the plot, he lost some of the descriptions and he omitted some of the author's self referential remarks. Yet he structured his text and produced a straight forward version. My html-edition (also available as a word-file) is a simple transcript to be read with an additional list of difficult words to be found at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485):Dictionary]] - expand this list, wherever you miss words. I have contacted the Druckzentrum and they promised to provide a print-version of my Caxton html-edition by September. Contact me if you want to start your reading earlier and if you want to read the Caxton text. I will try to provide provisional copies in that case. We should also open Wiki-space at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485): Protagonists]] - for a who is who?

===Literature===

*Eugéne Vinaver, ''Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929).

*Bennett, J. A. W. (ed.), ''Essays on Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).

*Moorman, Charles, ''The Book of King Arthur. The Unity of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (University of Kentucky Press, 1965).

*Matthews, William, ''The Ill-Famed Knight. A sceptical inquiry into the Identity of Thomas Malory'' (Berkeley/ Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966).

*Lambert, Mark, ''Malory. Style and Vision in Le Morte Darthur'' (New Haven/ London: Yale University Press, 1975).

*Benson, Larry D., ''Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Cambridge, Mass./ London: Harvard University Press, 1976). 289 pp.

*Dillon, Bert, ''A Malory Handbook'' (Boston, Mass., G. K. Hall & Co., 1978).

*Ihle, Sandra Ness, ''Malory’s Grail Quest. Invention and Adaptation in Medieval Romance'' (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).

*Whitaker, Muriel, ''Arthur’s Kingdom of Adventure. The World of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer/ Barnes and Noble, 1984).

*Spisak, James W. (ed.), ''Studies in Malory'' (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications western Michigan University, 1985).

*Jackson Parins, Marylyn, ''Malory the Cristical Heritage'' (London/ New York: Routledge, 1988).

*McCarthy, Terence, ''Reading the Morte Darthur'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988), 187 pp. third edition with new title: ''An Introduction to Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 176 pp.

*Takamiya, Toshiyuki/ Brewer, Derek (eds.), ''Aspects of Malory'' (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer/ Rowman & Littlefield, 1991).

*Field, P. J. C., ''The Life an Times of Sir Thomas Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XXIX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993), 218 pp.

*Archibald, Elizabeth/ Edwards A. S. G. (eds.), ''A Companion to Malory'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 252 pp. + Appendix

*Kraemer, Alfred Robert, ''Mallory’s Grail Seekers and Fifteenth-Century English Hagiography'' (New York: Peter Lang, 1999). 105 pp. + Notes

*Field, P. J. C., ''Malory: Texts and Sources'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XL] (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1998), 313 pp.

==Films==
* ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953), based on ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' by Thomas Malory, with Robert Taylor as Lancelot, Ava Gardner as Guinevere, and Mel Ferrer in the role of Arthur. <font color=red>'''bought'''</font>
*''Sword of Lancelot'' a.k.a. ''Lancelot and Guinevere'' (1963), a film directed by Cornel Wilde and starring Mr. Wilde as Lancelot, Jean Wallace as Guinevere, and Brian Aherne as Arthur.
* ''The Sword in the Stone'', a 1963 Disney animated film about Arthur's childhood, loosely adapted from T.H. White's take on the legend.
* ''Camelot'', a 1967 film adaptation of the successful 1960 Broadway musical of the same name. It starred Richard Harris as Arthur, Vanessa Redgrave as Guenevere, and Franco Nero as Lancelot.
* ''Monty Python and the Holy Grail'' (1975), a comedic parody of the traditional King Arthur legend. It was later adapted into a successful Broadway musical called ''Spamalot''. Arthur was played by the late Graham Chapman in the film.
* John Boorman's ''Excalibur'' (1981), based largely on Malory and probably the highest rated serious Arthurian film. It features Nicol Williamson as Merlin and Helen Mirren as Morgan Le Fay.
* ''First Knight'' (1995), a movie based on the abduction of Guinevere by the knight Malagant. It featured Sean Connery as Arthur, Richard Gere as Lancelot, and Julia Ormond as Guinevere.
* ''Quest for Camelot'', an animated feature from Warner Bros. Animation, released in 1998, features King Arthur ruling over a besieged Camelot.
* ''King Arthur'', a motion picture released on July 7, 2004, claiming (despite being heavily criticised for its historical inaccuracies) to be more historically accurate about the legend of Arthur as a 5th century, British-born, Roman Commander, with respect to new archaeological findings; similar in story line to Jack Whyte's books. <font color=red>'''bought'''</font>
*''The Last Legion'' (2007) - a film about the last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus who survives his fall from power and finds a new life in Britain. The movie links Romulus to the legends of King Arthur. In this movie, Arthur's father Uther Pendragon is brought up by a Roman general and a Malayalee woman (Aishwarya Rai)
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The list is incomplete as Percival, Tritram and Isolde (got one movie of that) and Lancelot-stuff will belong into the same field. We might skip animated movies. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 21:21, 11 November 2007 (CET)

===Links===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory en.wikipedia.org: Thomas Malory]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur en.wikipedia.org: Le Morte d'Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur in various media]
*[[King Arthur: Films]]
* [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/lookup.html The electronic Middle English Dictionary]

[[Category:Winter 2007-2008]]
[[Category:Aufbaumodul]]

Le Morte Darthur Book 7

2007-12-04T00:58:06Z

Julia Mudder:

Overall summary:
A man comes to court, sustained by two men and asks for 3 gifts. The first is to provide him with food &c. for 12 months when the other gifts will be asks. Kay scornfully gives him the name Beaumains and puts him into the kitchen. One year later a damsel asks for a knight. B. takes up this quest as it “belongs to him”. The damsel tries to get rid of this “kitchen knave” despite his defeating several knights, drawing equal with Lancelot and being made a knight by the latter. Eventually, B. rescues the sister of the damsel. He has some further adventures, defeating knights and in the end marries Lady Lyones, reveals his identity as Gareth of Orkney in the latter parts to select people and to all in the end.

(10) Beaumains and the lady (the damsel) he accompanies arrive at the castle of the red knight. First fhe knight mistakes Beaumains for his brother, the black knight, but when he finds out about his brother’s death and the defeat of his other brother, the green knight, he starts to fight with Beaumains. In the end the red knight asks for mercy. Beaumains promises to save his life if the lady would beg for this. And so it happens. The red knight offers his services to Beaumains and promises to submit himself to King Arthur.

(11) Beaumains complains about the lady’s insults he has to suffer in spite of his good service. When they come to the city of the blue knight Sir Persant, the lady prays him to flee. But Beaumains says that he would rather have five battles than to endure her offences. This impresses the lady. She concludes that Beaumains has to be of noble birth and apologizes for her bad behaviour. Beaumains accepts her excuse.

(12) Beaumains fight with Sir Persant who asks like his brothers before for mercy and as the lady begs for saving the knight’s life Beaumains grants this. After Sir Persant offered his services to Beaumains he and the lady stay as his guests. When Beaumains lies in his bed Sir Persant sends his daughter to make love to him. When Beaumains finds out that she is still a virgin he asks her to leave, for he does not want to disgrace her or her father.

(13) When the lady tells Sir Persant that she leads Beaumains to the Castle Dangerous where her sister is besieged he wishes Beaumains good luck. Furthermore he reveals the lady’s name which is Linet and her sister’s which is Lady Lionesse. Sir Persant explains that the knight of the red lands who besieges Lady Lionesse’s castle could have overthrown it a couple of times if he had wished so. But instead he has been waiting for Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristram or Sir Lamerak to come in order to fight with him. Beaumains reveals his noble ancestry to Lady Linet and Sir Persant, who promise to keep it as a secret.

(14) The dwarf, who travels along, announces the arrival of Lady Linet and Beaumains at the Castle Dangerous. Lady Lionesse is glad about the news and sends the dwarf with food and wine to a close hermitage. Later Lady Linet and Beaumains arrive there and eat and drink. On his way back to the castle the dwarf meets the knight of the red lands. When the knight hears about the unknown knight who wants to free the besieged castle, he threatens to kill him.

(15) When Beaumains and Lady Linet arrive at Castle Dangerous they pass trees in which the knights who tried to overwhelm the red knight of the red lands were hung. Beaumains does not get encouraged by this and blows a special horn as a signal of challenging the knight. The knight of the red lands gets prepared for the battle.

(16) Lady Lionesse looks from a window upon the scene. Beaumains gains courage from her look. He criticizes the knight of the red lands for his infamous actions, then both star to fight against each other.

(17) A the end of a long and brutal fight the knight of the red lands asks Beaumains for mercy, but Beaumains wants him to die for the sake of the shameful deaths of the hung knights. The knight of the red lands lets Beaumains know that he let them die in that way because of a promise he made to a lady he once loved. Her brother was slain and she told the knight that he was killed by Sir Lancelot or Sir Gawein. He had to promise to take revenge on King Arthur’s knights.

(18) Many earls, barons and noble knights pray for the knight’s life, for it would be more useful to have him pay homage to Beaumains than to have him dead. Beaumains releases him on the condition that Lady Lionesse absolves him when he surrenders to her. Furthermore he had to make amends and ask Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawein for mercy. When the red knight of the red lands comes unto the court of King Arthur he tells how he was overcome by Beaumains. King Arthur and Sir Gawein marvel at his report and wonder of which origin the unknown Beaumains may be. Lancelot assures them of Beaumains full noble blood.

(19) Sir Gareth wants to see Lynet’s sister Lady Lyones and rides to her castle, but she
doesn’t want to let him go inside and tells him that he should wait a year to be with
her, because she wants him to be one of the most popular knights and his love to be proofed. Gareth is very upset and rides away into a forest where he lays himself down to sleep. Meanwhile Lyones sends her brother Sir Gringamore to steal Gareth’s dwarf while he sleeps and to bring the dwarf to his castle, so that they can ask him some questions to find out the truth about him and his live.

(20)After Gringamore has stolen the dwarf and rides away, Gareth recognizes his dwarf
to be stolen from Gringamore and sees him riding away. So he tries to follow him but
he gets out of sight, so that Gareth asks a poor old man from the country that comes along his way, if he had seen a black knight with a dwarf. The man tells him that he
can be found in his castle and explains the way how to get there, but recommends him
not to go there if he wants to , because Gringamore is one of the best knights, but Gareth doesn’t mind. Meanwhile Lady Lyones and Lynet ask the dwarf and he tells them that Gareth is the son a King Arthur. They are very pleased by that. Then Gareth
arrives at the castle and wants to get his dwarf back. After a little conversational fight
with Gringamore he finally gets his dwarf back, because Gringamore, Lynet and Lyones are very grateful for what he had done for them.

(21) Sir Gareth enters the castle and he and Lady Lyones fall in love with each other while
spending much time together when eating and playing. Gringamore tells Gareth that
Her sister loves him and he is welcome in the castle as often and as long as he wishes
to. After that Gareth kisses her lady and she admits that she actually is the Lady of the
Castle Peryllous and send Gringamore to steal his dwarf.

(22) Lyones is so happy about being with Gareth that she calls her sister to come to them,
because she shared a lot of adventures with him. Then Lyones and Gareth promise to
love each other and make a plan to meet at night in Gareth’s bed, but Lynet
doesn’t want them to do so before marriage and makes a knight visiting the two of
then in middle of the night and to make Gareth fighting with him. Gareth kills the
knight and he gets hurt too, so that Lynet appears and heal the both of them by way of
her witchcraft.

(23)Because their love is so strong, Lyones and Gareth meet again but are interrupted by
the same knight for the second time, so that Gareth kills him again and throws the
different parts of his body out the windows. In that whole process he looses very much blood and because of Lyones screaming Gringamore and Lynet appear who make Gareth’s and the knights bodies whole again, so that they can move on living.
King Arthur makes a big feast with many different knights. Sir Ironside appears there,
Too and tells Arthur to be send by Beaumains who won the fight against him. Then he
Asks Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawayne to forgive that he ever had enemy against them.

(24) The both of them forgive him and want to know where Sir Gareth could be found, but
Ironside is not able to tell them. King Arthur tells the knights to make all of them
Knights of the Round Table to please Beaumains, when he is back.

(25) The Queen of Orkaney appears while they are eating and asks where to find her son
Gareth, but anyone of them is able to tell her where to find him and they are surprised that they weren’t able to identify Beaumains as her son. Then they talk
about many things that happened to Gareth and that they were really surprised about the fact that he didn’t show any of his richness when he came to Arthur. They agree to find Gareth and continue celebrating after the Queen told them her happiness.

(26) King Arthur wants Lyones to come to the celebration and before she goes there she talks with Gareth about what to do, because he knows that it’s all about him. He doesn’t want her to tell them where to find him, but to invite them to a competition
where the best knight should win Lyones and her land, if he isn’t married. So she rides
there and invites them.
Meanwhile Gareth gets concerned about himself not being able to fight on the
tournament, so that Lynets promises to heal him within 14 days.
Later, the knights arrive there and have to decide if they want to fight on the castle’s or
Arthur’s side.

(27) Then Arthur arrives with his knights and everybody starts to prepare everything.
Before Gareth stars to fight he asks Lynet to make him indefinable by making him
changing his colours all the time. The Lyones gives him her ring that makes him
changing his colour.
Then the tournament begins.

(28) King Arthur arrives with many knights. Beaumains (Gareth) asks his men to not reveal his identity. He is given a magical ring by Lyones which makes him lose no blood [cf. Caliburn’s scabbard] and also changes his colour. This ring also makes Lyones appear more beautiful than she really is – the ring was one from a heathen tyrant by Sir Gringamors. Jousts are commencing.

(29) Jousting continues. (Note: there are apparently TWO Lancelots: ~ du lake and de Galys; Lancelot du lake is the “true” one and will remain unmarked). Gareth unhorses many and cannot be identified due to his ever-changing colour. Arthur wants to send Lancelot against him but L. declines since he suspects his identity (but does not give it away).

(30) Swordfights begin. Launcelot and Beaumains avoid each other. Sir Tristram (B’s side) asks and is told of Beaumains identity. While taking a rest, B. hands the ring to his dwarf and forgets to take it back.

(31) The knight in yellow is now clear to be espied. Arthur sends herolds and his identity is cried out. (His name is written on the helmet [wtf?, NZ]). B. demands back his ring and is unidentifiable again. Gawain chases him to a forest, where B hides and sends his dwarf to Lyones, telling her that he will return. He comes to a castle

(32) He asks for lodging and is eventually admitted but warned of the lord who is an enemy to Arthur. He promises to yield to him if it is to no disadvantage. The lord does not appear and B leaves the next morning. He defeats Sir Bendelain on his travel, killing him, and is attacked by his 20 knights.

(33) The knights cannot kill B and kill his horse. He slays 16, the remaining 4 flee. He takes one of their hoses and meets 30 widows whose husbands were killed by the Brown Knight who is now killed by B. The widows are sent to Arthur. B. encounters the Duke de la Rowse at whose castle he had lodged and defeats him; he is sent to Arthur.

(34) B. is attacked by a knight. Lady Linet appears (now also given the name “Damoisel Savage”) and stops the fighting, revealing that it is Gawain and Gareth his brother. She staunches their wounds and calls for Arthur who comes (on a palfrey?!) with his train. Linet heals the two knights and informs her sister (Lyones)

(35) A marriage between Gareth and Lyones is planned for Mychelmas, at Kynkenadon. They already exchange two rings. In future, Gareth is often seen in Lancelot’s company; he avoids Gawain, though, due to his desire for vengeance.

(36) The Bishop of Canterbury marries Gareth and Lyones; by order of Arthur, Gaherys marries Lynet, Agravayne marries Laurel, a niece of Lyones’. The defeated knights come to Gareth and assume serving positions, the adventures of B. are told. There is jousting but the newly-wed do not participate On three days Sir Lamerak, Sir Tristram and Sir Lancelot defeat 30/40/50. The coloured knights brethren are made knights of the round table and so is the Duke le la Rouse. At the end of jousts, Sir Lamerak and Sir Tristram are suddenly vanished.


<div style="float:left;">Go to: [[Le Morte Darthur Book 6|Previous Book]]</div>
<div style="float:right;">[[Le Morte Darthur Book 8|Next Book]]</div>
{{Template:Malory 21 Books}}

Le Morte Darthur Book 7

2007-12-04T00:57:23Z

Julia Mudder:

Overall summary:
A man comes to court, sustained by two men and asks for 3 gifts. The first is to provide him with food &c. for 12 months when the other gifts will be asks. Kay scornfully gives him the name Beaumains and puts him into the kitchen. One year later a damsel asks for a knight. B. takes up this quest as it “belongs to him”. The damsel tries to get rid of this “kitchen knave” despite his defeating several knights, drawing equal with Lancelot and being made a knight by the latter. Eventually, B. rescues the sister of the damsel. He has some further adventures, defeating knights and in the end marries Lady Lyones, reveals his identity as Gareth of Orkney in the latter parts to select people and to all in the end.

(10) Beaumains and the lady he accompanies arrive at the castle of the red knight. First fhe knight mistakes Beaumains for his brother, the black knight, but when he finds out about his brother’s death and the defeat of his other brother, the green knight, he starts to fight with Beaumains. In the end the red knight asks for mercy. Beaumains promises to save his life if the lady would beg for this. And so it happens. The red knight offers his services to Beaumains and promises to submit himself to King Arthur.

(11) Beaumains complains about the lady’s insults he has to suffer in spite of his good service. When they come to the city of the blue knight Sir Persant, the lady prays him to flee. But Beaumains says that he would rather have five battles than to endure her offences. This impresses the lady. She concludes that Beaumains has to be of noble birth and apologizes for her bad behaviour. Beaumains accepts her excuse.

(12) Beaumains fight with Sir Persant who asks like his brothers before for mercy and as the lady begs for saving the knight’s life Beaumains grants this. After Sir Persant offered his services to Beaumains he and the lady stay as his guests. When Beaumains lies in his bed Sir Persant sends his daughter to make love to him. When Beaumains finds out that she is still a virgin he asks her to leave, for he does not want to disgrace her or her father.

(13) When the lady tells Sir Persant that she leads Beaumains to the Castle Dangerous where her sister is besieged he wishes Beaumains good luck. Furthermore he reveals the lady’s name which is Linet and her sister’s which is Lady Lionesse. Sir Persant explains that the knight of the red lands who besieges Lady Lionesse’s castle could have overthrown it a couple of times if he had wished so. But instead he has been waiting for Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristram or Sir Lamerak to come in order to fight with him. Beaumains reveals his noble ancestry to Lady Linet and Sir Persant, who promise to keep it as a secret.

(14) The dwarf, who travels along, announces the arrival of Lady Linet and Beaumains at the Castle Dangerous. Lady Lionesse is glad about the news and sends the dwarf with food and wine to a close hermitage. Later Lady Linet and Beaumains arrive there and eat and drink. On his way back to the castle the dwarf meets the knight of the red lands. When the knight hears about the unknown knight who wants to free the besieged castle, he threatens to kill him.

(15) When Beaumains and Lady Linet arrive at Castle Dangerous they pass trees in which the knights who tried to overwhelm the red knight of the red lands were hung. Beaumains does not get encouraged by this and blows a special horn as a signal of challenging the knight. The knight of the red lands gets prepared for the battle.

(16) Lady Lionesse looks from a window upon the scene. Beaumains gains courage from her look. He criticizes the knight of the red lands for his infamous actions, then both star to fight against each other.

(17) A the end of a long and brutal fight the knight of the red lands asks Beaumains for mercy, but Beaumains wants him to die for the sake of the shameful deaths of the hung knights. The knight of the red lands lets Beaumains know that he let them die in that way because of a promise he made to a lady he once loved. Her brother was slain and she told the knight that he was killed by Sir Lancelot or Sir Gawein. He had to promise to take revenge on King Arthur’s knights.

(18) Many earls, barons and noble knights pray for the knight’s life, for it would be more useful to have him pay homage to Beaumains than to have him dead. Beaumains releases him on the condition that Lady Lionesse absolves him when he surrenders to her. Furthermore he had to make amends and ask Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawein for mercy. When the red knight of the red lands comes unto the court of King Arthur he tells how he was overcome by Beaumains. King Arthur and Sir Gawein marvel at his report and wonder of which origin the unknown Beaumains may be. Lancelot assures them of Beaumains full noble blood.

(19) Sir Gareth wants to see Lynet’s sister Lady Lyones and rides to her castle, but she
doesn’t want to let him go inside and tells him that he should wait a year to be with
her, because she wants him to be one of the most popular knights and his love to be proofed. Gareth is very upset and rides away into a forest where he lays himself down to sleep. Meanwhile Lyones sends her brother Sir Gringamore to steal Gareth’s dwarf while he sleeps and to bring the dwarf to his castle, so that they can ask him some questions to find out the truth about him and his live.

(20)After Gringamore has stolen the dwarf and rides away, Gareth recognizes his dwarf
to be stolen from Gringamore and sees him riding away. So he tries to follow him but
he gets out of sight, so that Gareth asks a poor old man from the country that comes along his way, if he had seen a black knight with a dwarf. The man tells him that he
can be found in his castle and explains the way how to get there, but recommends him
not to go there if he wants to , because Gringamore is one of the best knights, but Gareth doesn’t mind. Meanwhile Lady Lyones and Lynet ask the dwarf and he tells them that Gareth is the son a King Arthur. They are very pleased by that. Then Gareth
arrives at the castle and wants to get his dwarf back. After a little conversational fight
with Gringamore he finally gets his dwarf back, because Gringamore, Lynet and Lyones are very grateful for what he had done for them.

(21) Sir Gareth enters the castle and he and Lady Lyones fall in love with each other while
spending much time together when eating and playing. Gringamore tells Gareth that
Her sister loves him and he is welcome in the castle as often and as long as he wishes
to. After that Gareth kisses her lady and she admits that she actually is the Lady of the
Castle Peryllous and send Gringamore to steal his dwarf.

(22) Lyones is so happy about being with Gareth that she calls her sister to come to them,
because she shared a lot of adventures with him. Then Lyones and Gareth promise to
love each other and make a plan to meet at night in Gareth’s bed, but Lynet
doesn’t want them to do so before marriage and makes a knight visiting the two of
then in middle of the night and to make Gareth fighting with him. Gareth kills the
knight and he gets hurt too, so that Lynet appears and heal the both of them by way of
her witchcraft.

(23)Because their love is so strong, Lyones and Gareth meet again but are interrupted by
the same knight for the second time, so that Gareth kills him again and throws the
different parts of his body out the windows. In that whole process he looses very much blood and because of Lyones screaming Gringamore and Lynet appear who make Gareth’s and the knights bodies whole again, so that they can move on living.
King Arthur makes a big feast with many different knights. Sir Ironside appears there,
Too and tells Arthur to be send by Beaumains who won the fight against him. Then he
Asks Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawayne to forgive that he ever had enemy against them.

(24) The both of them forgive him and want to know where Sir Gareth could be found, but
Ironside is not able to tell them. King Arthur tells the knights to make all of them
Knights of the Round Table to please Beaumains, when he is back.

(25) The Queen of Orkaney appears while they are eating and asks where to find her son
Gareth, but anyone of them is able to tell her where to find him and they are surprised that they weren’t able to identify Beaumains as her son. Then they talk
about many things that happened to Gareth and that they were really surprised about the fact that he didn’t show any of his richness when he came to Arthur. They agree to find Gareth and continue celebrating after the Queen told them her happiness.

(26) King Arthur wants Lyones to come to the celebration and before she goes there she talks with Gareth about what to do, because he knows that it’s all about him. He doesn’t want her to tell them where to find him, but to invite them to a competition
where the best knight should win Lyones and her land, if he isn’t married. So she rides
there and invites them.
Meanwhile Gareth gets concerned about himself not being able to fight on the
tournament, so that Lynets promises to heal him within 14 days.
Later, the knights arrive there and have to decide if they want to fight on the castle’s or
Arthur’s side.

(27) Then Arthur arrives with his knights and everybody starts to prepare everything.
Before Gareth stars to fight he asks Lynet to make him indefinable by making him
changing his colours all the time. The Lyones gives him her ring that makes him
changing his colour.
Then the tournament begins.

(28) King Arthur arrives with many knights. Beaumains (Gareth) asks his men to not reveal his identity. He is given a magical ring by Lyones which makes him lose no blood [cf. Caliburn’s scabbard] and also changes his colour. This ring also makes Lyones appear more beautiful than she really is – the ring was one from a heathen tyrant by Sir Gringamors. Jousts are commencing.

(29) Jousting continues. (Note: there are apparently TWO Lancelots: ~ du lake and de Galys; Lancelot du lake is the “true” one and will remain unmarked). Gareth unhorses many and cannot be identified due to his ever-changing colour. Arthur wants to send Lancelot against him but L. declines since he suspects his identity (but does not give it away).

(30) Swordfights begin. Launcelot and Beaumains avoid each other. Sir Tristram (B’s side) asks and is told of Beaumains identity. While taking a rest, B. hands the ring to his dwarf and forgets to take it back.

(31) The knight in yellow is now clear to be espied. Arthur sends herolds and his identity is cried out. (His name is written on the helmet [wtf?, NZ]). B. demands back his ring and is unidentifiable again. Gawain chases him to a forest, where B hides and sends his dwarf to Lyones, telling her that he will return. He comes to a castle

(32) He asks for lodging and is eventually admitted but warned of the lord who is an enemy to Arthur. He promises to yield to him if it is to no disadvantage. The lord does not appear and B leaves the next morning. He defeats Sir Bendelain on his travel, killing him, and is attacked by his 20 knights.

(33) The knights cannot kill B and kill his horse. He slays 16, the remaining 4 flee. He takes one of their hoses and meets 30 widows whose husbands were killed by the Brown Knight who is now killed by B. The widows are sent to Arthur. B. encounters the Duke de la Rowse at whose castle he had lodged and defeats him; he is sent to Arthur.

(34) B. is attacked by a knight. Lady Linet appears (now also given the name “Damoisel Savage”) and stops the fighting, revealing that it is Gawain and Gareth his brother. She staunches their wounds and calls for Arthur who comes (on a palfrey?!) with his train. Linet heals the two knights and informs her sister (Lyones)

(35) A marriage between Gareth and Lyones is planned for Mychelmas, at Kynkenadon. They already exchange two rings. In future, Gareth is often seen in Lancelot’s company; he avoids Gawain, though, due to his desire for vengeance.

(36) The Bishop of Canterbury marries Gareth and Lyones; by order of Arthur, Gaherys marries Lynet, Agravayne marries Laurel, a niece of Lyones’. The defeated knights come to Gareth and assume serving positions, the adventures of B. are told. There is jousting but the newly-wed do not participate On three days Sir Lamerak, Sir Tristram and Sir Lancelot defeat 30/40/50. The coloured knights brethren are made knights of the round table and so is the Duke le la Rouse. At the end of jousts, Sir Lamerak and Sir Tristram are suddenly vanished.


<div style="float:left;">Go to: [[Le Morte Darthur Book 6|Previous Book]]</div>
<div style="float:right;">[[Le Morte Darthur Book 8|Next Book]]</div>
{{Template:Malory 21 Books}}

Le Morte Darthur Book 7

2007-12-04T00:56:38Z

Julia Mudder:

Overall summary:
A man comes to court, sustained by two men and asks for 3 gifts. The first is to provide him with food &c. for 12 months when the other gifts will be asks. Kay scornfully gives him the name Beaumains and puts him into the kitchen. One year later a damsel asks for a knight. B. takes up this quest as it “belongs to him”. The damsel tries to get rid of this “kitchen knave” despite his defeating several knights, drawing equal with Lancelot and being made a knight by the latter. Eventually, B. rescues the sister of the damsel. He has some further adventures, defeating knights and in the end marries Lady Lyones, reveals his identity as Gareth of Orkney in the latter parts to select people and to all in the end.

(10) Beaumains and the lady he accompanies arrive at the castle of the red knight. First fhe knight mistakes Beaumains for his brother, the black knight, but when he finds out about his brother’s death and the defeat of his other brother, the green knight, he starts to fight with Beaumains. In the end the red knight asks for mercy. Beaumains promises to save his life if the lady would beg for this. And so it happens. The red knight offers his services to Beaumains and promises to submit himself to King Arthur.

(11) Beaumains complains about the lady’s insults he has to suffer in spite of his good service. When they come to the city of the blue knight Sir Persant, the lady prays him to flee. But Beaumains says that he would rather have five battles than to endure her offences. This impresses the lady. She concludes that Beaumains has to be of noble birth and apologizes for her bad behaviour. Beaumains accepts her excuse.

(12) Beaumains fight with Sir Persant who asks like his brothers before for mercy and as the lady begs for saving the knight’s life Beaumains grants this. After Sir Persant offered his services to Beaumains he and the lady stay as his guests. When Beaumains lies in his bed Sir Persant sends his daughter to make love to him. When Beaumains finds out that she is still a virgin he asks her to leave, for he does not want to disgrace her or her father.

(13) When the lady tells Sir Persant that she leads Beaumains to the Castle Dangerous where her sister is besieged he wishes Beaumains good luck. Furthermore he reveals the lady’s name which is Linet and her sister’s which is Lady Lionesse. Sir Persant explains that the knight of the red lands who besieges Lady Lionesse’s castle could have overthrown it a couple of times if he had wished so. But instead he has been waiting for Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristram or Sir Lamerak to come in order to fight with him. Beaumains reveals his noble ancestry to Lady Linet and Sir Persant, who promise to keep it as a secret.

(14) The dwarf, who travels along, announces the arrival of Lady Linet and Beaumains at the Castle Dangerous. Lady Lionesse is glad about the news and sends the dwarf with food and wine to a close hermitage. Later Lady Linet and Beaumains arrive there and eat and drink. On his way back to the castle the dwarf meets the knight of the red lands. When the knight hears about the unknown knight who wants to free the besieged castle, he threatens to kill him.

(15) When Beaumains and Lady Linet arrive at Castle Dangerous they pass trees in which the knights who tried to overwhelm the red knight of the red lands were hung. Beaumains does not get encouraged by this and blows a special horn as a signal of challenging the knight. The knight of the red lands gets prepared for the battle.

(16) Lady Lionesse looks from a window upon the scene. Beaumains gains courage from her look. He criticizes the knight of the red lands for his infamous actions, then both star to fight against each other.

(17) A the end of a long and brutal fight the knight of the red lands asks Beaumains for mercy, but Beaumains wants him to die for the sake of the shameful deaths of the hung knights. The knight of the red lands lets Beaumains know that he let them die in that way because of a promise he made to a lady he once loved. Her brother was slain and she told the knight that he was killed by Sir Lancelot or Sir Gawein. He had to promise to take revenge on King Arthur’s knights.

(18) Many earls, barons and noble knights prayed for the knight’s life, for it would be more useful to have him pay homage to Beaumains than to have him dead. Beaumains releases him on the condition that Lady Lionesse absolves him when he surrenders to her. Furthermore he had to make amends and ask Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawein for mercy. When the red knight of the red lands comes unto the court of King Arthur he tells how he was overcome by Beaumains. King Arthur and Sir Gawein marvel at his report and wonder of which origin the unknown Beaumains may be. Lancelot assures them of Beaumains full noble blood.

(19) Sir Gareth wants to see Lynet’s sister Lady Lyones and rides to her castle, but she
doesn’t want to let him go inside and tells him that he should wait a year to be with
her, because she wants him to be one of the most popular knights and his love to be proofed. Gareth is very upset and rides away into a forest where he lays himself down to sleep. Meanwhile Lyones sends her brother Sir Gringamore to steal Gareth’s dwarf while he sleeps and to bring the dwarf to his castle, so that they can ask him some questions to find out the truth about him and his live.

(20)After Gringamore has stolen the dwarf and rides away, Gareth recognizes his dwarf
to be stolen from Gringamore and sees him riding away. So he tries to follow him but
he gets out of sight, so that Gareth asks a poor old man from the country that comes along his way, if he had seen a black knight with a dwarf. The man tells him that he
can be found in his castle and explains the way how to get there, but recommends him
not to go there if he wants to , because Gringamore is one of the best knights, but Gareth doesn’t mind. Meanwhile Lady Lyones and Lynet ask the dwarf and he tells them that Gareth is the son a King Arthur. They are very pleased by that. Then Gareth
arrives at the castle and wants to get his dwarf back. After a little conversational fight
with Gringamore he finally gets his dwarf back, because Gringamore, Lynet and Lyones are very grateful for what he had done for them.

(21) Sir Gareth enters the castle and he and Lady Lyones fall in love with each other while
spending much time together when eating and playing. Gringamore tells Gareth that
Her sister loves him and he is welcome in the castle as often and as long as he wishes
to. After that Gareth kisses her lady and she admits that she actually is the Lady of the
Castle Peryllous and send Gringamore to steal his dwarf.

(22) Lyones is so happy about being with Gareth that she calls her sister to come to them,
because she shared a lot of adventures with him. Then Lyones and Gareth promise to
love each other and make a plan to meet at night in Gareth’s bed, but Lynet
doesn’t want them to do so before marriage and makes a knight visiting the two of
then in middle of the night and to make Gareth fighting with him. Gareth kills the
knight and he gets hurt too, so that Lynet appears and heal the both of them by way of
her witchcraft.

(23)Because their love is so strong, Lyones and Gareth meet again but are interrupted by
the same knight for the second time, so that Gareth kills him again and throws the
different parts of his body out the windows. In that whole process he looses very much blood and because of Lyones screaming Gringamore and Lynet appear who make Gareth’s and the knights bodies whole again, so that they can move on living.
King Arthur makes a big feast with many different knights. Sir Ironside appears there,
Too and tells Arthur to be send by Beaumains who won the fight against him. Then he
Asks Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawayne to forgive that he ever had enemy against them.

(24) The both of them forgive him and want to know where Sir Gareth could be found, but
Ironside is not able to tell them. King Arthur tells the knights to make all of them
Knights of the Round Table to please Beaumains, when he is back.

(25) The Queen of Orkaney appears while they are eating and asks where to find her son
Gareth, but anyone of them is able to tell her where to find him and they are surprised that they weren’t able to identify Beaumains as her son. Then they talk
about many things that happened to Gareth and that they were really surprised about the fact that he didn’t show any of his richness when he came to Arthur. They agree to find Gareth and continue celebrating after the Queen told them her happiness.

(26) King Arthur wants Lyones to come to the celebration and before she goes there she talks with Gareth about what to do, because he knows that it’s all about him. He doesn’t want her to tell them where to find him, but to invite them to a competition
where the best knight should win Lyones and her land, if he isn’t married. So she rides
there and invites them.
Meanwhile Gareth gets concerned about himself not being able to fight on the
tournament, so that Lynets promises to heal him within 14 days.
Later, the knights arrive there and have to decide if they want to fight on the castle’s or
Arthur’s side.

(27) Then Arthur arrives with his knights and everybody starts to prepare everything.
Before Gareth stars to fight he asks Lynet to make him indefinable by making him
changing his colours all the time. The Lyones gives him her ring that makes him
changing his colour.
Then the tournament begins.

(28) King Arthur arrives with many knights. Beaumains (Gareth) asks his men to not reveal his identity. He is given a magical ring by Lyones which makes him lose no blood [cf. Caliburn’s scabbard] and also changes his colour. This ring also makes Lyones appear more beautiful than she really is – the ring was one from a heathen tyrant by Sir Gringamors. Jousts are commencing.

(29) Jousting continues. (Note: there are apparently TWO Lancelots: ~ du lake and de Galys; Lancelot du lake is the “true” one and will remain unmarked). Gareth unhorses many and cannot be identified due to his ever-changing colour. Arthur wants to send Lancelot against him but L. declines since he suspects his identity (but does not give it away).

(30) Swordfights begin. Launcelot and Beaumains avoid each other. Sir Tristram (B’s side) asks and is told of Beaumains identity. While taking a rest, B. hands the ring to his dwarf and forgets to take it back.

(31) The knight in yellow is now clear to be espied. Arthur sends herolds and his identity is cried out. (His name is written on the helmet [wtf?, NZ]). B. demands back his ring and is unidentifiable again. Gawain chases him to a forest, where B hides and sends his dwarf to Lyones, telling her that he will return. He comes to a castle

(32) He asks for lodging and is eventually admitted but warned of the lord who is an enemy to Arthur. He promises to yield to him if it is to no disadvantage. The lord does not appear and B leaves the next morning. He defeats Sir Bendelain on his travel, killing him, and is attacked by his 20 knights.

(33) The knights cannot kill B and kill his horse. He slays 16, the remaining 4 flee. He takes one of their hoses and meets 30 widows whose husbands were killed by the Brown Knight who is now killed by B. The widows are sent to Arthur. B. encounters the Duke de la Rowse at whose castle he had lodged and defeats him; he is sent to Arthur.

(34) B. is attacked by a knight. Lady Linet appears (now also given the name “Damoisel Savage”) and stops the fighting, revealing that it is Gawain and Gareth his brother. She staunches their wounds and calls for Arthur who comes (on a palfrey?!) with his train. Linet heals the two knights and informs her sister (Lyones)

(35) A marriage between Gareth and Lyones is planned for Mychelmas, at Kynkenadon. They already exchange two rings. In future, Gareth is often seen in Lancelot’s company; he avoids Gawain, though, due to his desire for vengeance.

(36) The Bishop of Canterbury marries Gareth and Lyones; by order of Arthur, Gaherys marries Lynet, Agravayne marries Laurel, a niece of Lyones’. The defeated knights come to Gareth and assume serving positions, the adventures of B. are told. There is jousting but the newly-wed do not participate On three days Sir Lamerak, Sir Tristram and Sir Lancelot defeat 30/40/50. The coloured knights brethren are made knights of the round table and so is the Duke le la Rouse. At the end of jousts, Sir Lamerak and Sir Tristram are suddenly vanished.


<div style="float:left;">Go to: [[Le Morte Darthur Book 6|Previous Book]]</div>
<div style="float:right;">[[Le Morte Darthur Book 8|Next Book]]</div>
{{Template:Malory 21 Books}}

2007-08 AM Le Morte Darthur (1485)

2007-11-09T17:06:03Z

Julia Mudder: /* Topics */

{|align=right width=40%
!bgcolor=#FFFF80|Dieser Kurs in das sogenannte Aquarium A10 1-121a verlegt.
----
denkt über mögliche Arbeitsthemen nach, notiert sie, setzt Eure Namen dahinter (vier Tilden <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> und das Wiki macht daraus eine Unterschrift)
----
Übliche Freitag Abende: 20:00, nach dem Seminar, Tannenkampstr. 12, Wochenausklang dieses Semester mit Tafelrunde und Artus-Filmen. Wäre nett, wenn Ihr mir bei der Filmbeschaffung helfen wolltet. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:38, 4 November 2007 (CET)
|}
* '''Time:''' Fridays 4-6 pm
* '''Place:''' A10 1-121a
* '''Contact:''' [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]]

----

The legendary King Arthur, the mysteries around his sword Excalibur, the stories of his quasi democratic Round Table, Arthur's tragic struggle between love, treason and an all too powerful enemy invading the British Isles have inspired the European audience at least since the early 12th century. The wave of Provencal, Middle High German and Middle English versified Arthurian romances composed around 1200 merged into the production of the first modern European prose romances in the 15th century which culminated - another century later - in the ''Amadis'', the "arch romance" devoured by ''Don Quixote''. The 17th and 18th centuries distanced themselves both from the erroneous histories related here and from the genre of romances they had inspired. A new interest arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the new nationalism of the age, its self proclaimed "romanticism", its quest for lost identities one could hope to find in the "dark ages". A rediscovery of "medieval" texts followed in which the Arthurian world offered the most interesting mythical images; it is today omnipresent as a cultural phenomenon with a mass production of fantasy novels, video games and movies.

The course will focus on William Caxton's edition of Sir Thomas Malroy's ''Le Morte Darthur'' first published in 1485 - most certainly not the elegant, witty and beautiful reading earlier versified romances provided, yet the text which most effectively compiled the plots of the preceding romantic production.

Why was there an audience for this book at the "beginning" of the "Modern Period"? How did it relate to the preceding production of romances and histories? How does it compare to the fashionable ''Amadis'' the next century was to love so much? How does it read within the context of the 19th and 20th century renaissance of the Arthurian world? The course will offer a cultural history of the text and its fictional world.

==Oct 26 2007: Introduction==
Brainstorming. Who needs what? Who is going to conclude this course with a piece of written work? Introduction History of Malory's Book.

==Nov 2, 2007: Reading into the (peculiar) text ==
Discussion of seminar topics - and advice to claim and specify them in the section bellow. We read into ''Le Morte Darthur'', Caxton's preface and chapters 1-3. Concepts of history, aspects of fatalism. Also: Great vowel shift and Caxton's spelling.

==Nov 9, 2007: Caxton's Book 1==
'''Homework:''' Read Book one. Seminar discussion: Arthur's dubious birth, miracles, reading experiences. Also: comparison with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table_%28film%29 ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953)], the movie we eventually watched.

==Nov 16, 2007 ==

==Nov 23, 2007 ==

==Nov 30, 2007 ==

==Dec 7, 2007 ==

==Dec 14, 2007 ==

==Dec 21, 2007 ==

==Jan 11, 2007 ==

==Jan 18, 2008 ==

==Jan 25, 2008 ==

==Feb 1, 2008 ==

==Feb 6, 2008 ==

===Topics===

Those who are planning to join the seminar may contribute thoughts on what they'd like to do in the following list:

* Sources in Europe's mythology and history
* Foreshadowings - a world of predetermination [[User:Katharina K.|Katharina K.]] 21:31, 8 November 2007 (CET)
* Family ties
* Justice [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 12:39, 9 November 2007 (CET) Johanna Ehrhardt
* The use of repetitive patterns
* Who has to solve the problem? - special and normal quests
* Plot constructions
* The renaissance of chivalry at the beginning of the modern era
* Love and gender relations [[User:Julia Mudder|Julia Mudder]] 18:05, 9 November 2007 (CET)
* Miracles and the Arthurian World
* Politics
* Marriage and fidelity[[User:Freya|Freya]] 09:06, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of violence [[User:Inga|Inga]] 13:34, 9 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of power
* Christianity--An add-on to the story or an inert part of it? Christian Schultz-Brummer[[User:Nahl3372|Nahl3372]] 18:05, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The text which shaped our view of the medieval world: Malory's King Arthur and Mark Twain's ''Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court'' (1889)
* From Fantasy to video game Arthur's table round in modern culture (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org] for modern adaptations of the sujet)
* King Arthur and the Amadis
* The presence of the Arthurian world in the world of chap books
* Individual ideas on Malory's ''King Arthur'' and modern versions and adaptations - be creative, propose topics and we will think about them

===Texts===

First of all: Read a German translation if you feel lost - I began my life with Middle English texts with a reading of Chaucer in German, which I then, a week later, combined with a second reading of the original. I read the original Chaucer aloud to get into the funny language (fill in your Plattdeutsch that helps), with the German text still in my mind I had little problems with the original and soon realised that I could from now onwards read such stuff without reading a German text before.

As to the English texts:

Malory's original manuscript is lost. For more than 400 years the edition Caxton had published in 1485 was the authoritative source. In 1934 the Winchester manuscript was discovered - a text between Malory's and Caxton's text. Traces of Caxton's ink have been found on the manuscript's leafs, Caxton knew the Winchester volume, he did, however, base his own edition on another, lost manuscript.

Modern scholarship has focused on the Winchester manuscript as the better text. The Norton Critical edition - it cost me 16 Euro a couple of months ago - is based on the Winchester manuscript; it includes, however, passages from Caxton's wherever his version is more detailed. The aim is a reconstruction of what might have been Malory's text, a text without omissions. The Norton edition is well commented and equipped with an extensive dictionary as well as a choice of critical articles. It does finally offer the most important sources Malory exploited. The Norton edition is my recommendation for all of you who like to work with a fully commented scientific edition.

I myself am more interested in Caxton's fist edition as published in 1485 and offered by EEBO - the text is, however, difficult to read:

* [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&ACTION=ByID&ID=22102180&FILE=../session/1183624385_29976&SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&DISPLAY=ALPHA Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (London: William Caxton, 1485)]

To facilitate things I offer an html-edition of the same text (scroll down a bit to get beyond the reproduction of the first page):

*[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1485-morte-darthur.html Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (1485) html-text of Caxton's edition]

My impression is that Caxton's is the easier text to read. The publisher focused on the plot, he lost some of the descriptions and he omitted some of the author's self referential remarks. Yet he structured his text and produced a straight forward version. My html-edition (also available as a word-file) is a simple transcript to be read with an additional list of difficult words to be found at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485):Dictionary]] - expand this list, wherever you miss words. I have contacted the Druckzentrum and they promised to provide a print-version of my Caxton html-edition by September. Contact me if you want to start your reading earlier and if you want to read the Caxton text. I will try to provide provisional copies in that case. We should also open Wiki-space at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485): Protagonists]] - for a who is who?

===Literature===

*Eugéne Vinaver, ''Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929).

*Bennett, J. A. W. (ed.), ''Essays on Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).

*Moorman, Charles, ''The Book of King Arthur. The Unity of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (University of Kentucky Press, 1965).

*Matthews, William, ''The Ill-Famed Knight. A sceptical inquiry into the Identity of Thomas Malory'' (Berkeley/ Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966).

*Lambert, Mark, ''Malory. Style and Vision in Le Morte Darthur'' (New Haven/ London: Yale University Press, 1975).

*Benson, Larry D., ''Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Cambridge, Mass./ London: Harvard University Press, 1976). 289 pp.

*Dillon, Bert, ''A Malory Handbook'' (Boston, Mass., G. K. Hall & Co., 1978).

*Ihle, Sandra Ness, ''Malory’s Grail Quest. Invention and Adaptation in Medieval Romance'' (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).

*Whitaker, Muriel, ''Arthur’s Kingdom of Adventure. The World of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer/ Barnes and Noble, 1984).

*Spisak, James W. (ed.), ''Studies in Malory'' (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications western Michigan University, 1985).

*Jackson Parins, Marylyn, ''Malory the Cristical Heritage'' (London/ New York: Routledge, 1988).

*McCarthy, Terence, ''Reading the Morte Darthur'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988), 187 pp. third edition with new title: ''An Introduction to Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 176 pp.

*Takamiya, Toshiyuki/ Brewer, Derek (eds.), ''Aspects of Malory'' (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer/ Rowman & Littlefield, 1991).

*Field, P. J. C., ''The Life an Times of Sir Thomas Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XXIX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993), 218 pp.

*Archibald, Elizabeth/ Edwards A. S. G. (eds.), ''A Companion to Malory'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 252 pp. + Appendix

*Kraemer, Alfred Robert, ''Mallory’s Grail Seekers and Fifteenth-Century English Hagiography'' (New York: Peter Lang, 1999). 105 pp. + Notes

*Field, P. J. C., ''Malory: Texts and Sources'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XL] (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1998), 313 pp.

===Links===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory en.wikipedia.org: Thomas Malory]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur en.wikipedia.org: Le Morte d'Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur in various media]
*[[King Arthur: Films]]

[[Category:Winter 2007-2008]]
[[Category:Aufbaumodul]]

2007-08 AM Le Morte Darthur (1485)

2007-11-09T17:05:29Z

Julia Mudder: /* Topics */

{|align=right width=40%
!bgcolor=#FFFF80|Dieser Kurs in das sogenannte Aquarium A10 1-121a verlegt.
----
denkt über mögliche Arbeitsthemen nach, notiert sie, setzt Eure Namen dahinter (vier Tilden <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> und das Wiki macht daraus eine Unterschrift)
----
Übliche Freitag Abende: 20:00, nach dem Seminar, Tannenkampstr. 12, Wochenausklang dieses Semester mit Tafelrunde und Artus-Filmen. Wäre nett, wenn Ihr mir bei der Filmbeschaffung helfen wolltet. --[[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]] 14:38, 4 November 2007 (CET)
|}
* '''Time:''' Fridays 4-6 pm
* '''Place:''' A10 1-121a
* '''Contact:''' [[User:Olaf Simons|Olaf Simons]]

----

The legendary King Arthur, the mysteries around his sword Excalibur, the stories of his quasi democratic Round Table, Arthur's tragic struggle between love, treason and an all too powerful enemy invading the British Isles have inspired the European audience at least since the early 12th century. The wave of Provencal, Middle High German and Middle English versified Arthurian romances composed around 1200 merged into the production of the first modern European prose romances in the 15th century which culminated - another century later - in the ''Amadis'', the "arch romance" devoured by ''Don Quixote''. The 17th and 18th centuries distanced themselves both from the erroneous histories related here and from the genre of romances they had inspired. A new interest arose at the beginning of the 19th century with the new nationalism of the age, its self proclaimed "romanticism", its quest for lost identities one could hope to find in the "dark ages". A rediscovery of "medieval" texts followed in which the Arthurian world offered the most interesting mythical images; it is today omnipresent as a cultural phenomenon with a mass production of fantasy novels, video games and movies.

The course will focus on William Caxton's edition of Sir Thomas Malroy's ''Le Morte Darthur'' first published in 1485 - most certainly not the elegant, witty and beautiful reading earlier versified romances provided, yet the text which most effectively compiled the plots of the preceding romantic production.

Why was there an audience for this book at the "beginning" of the "Modern Period"? How did it relate to the preceding production of romances and histories? How does it compare to the fashionable ''Amadis'' the next century was to love so much? How does it read within the context of the 19th and 20th century renaissance of the Arthurian world? The course will offer a cultural history of the text and its fictional world.

==Oct 26 2007: Introduction==
Brainstorming. Who needs what? Who is going to conclude this course with a piece of written work? Introduction History of Malory's Book.

==Nov 2, 2007: Reading into the (peculiar) text ==
Discussion of seminar topics - and advice to claim and specify them in the section bellow. We read into ''Le Morte Darthur'', Caxton's preface and chapters 1-3. Concepts of history, aspects of fatalism. Also: Great vowel shift and Caxton's spelling.

==Nov 9, 2007: Caxton's Book 1==
'''Homework:''' Read Book one. Seminar discussion: Arthur's dubious birth, miracles, reading experiences. Also: comparison with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table_%28film%29 ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953)], the movie we eventually watched.

==Nov 16, 2007 ==

==Nov 23, 2007 ==

==Nov 30, 2007 ==

==Dec 7, 2007 ==

==Dec 14, 2007 ==

==Dec 21, 2007 ==

==Jan 11, 2007 ==

==Jan 18, 2008 ==

==Jan 25, 2008 ==

==Feb 1, 2008 ==

==Feb 6, 2008 ==

===Topics===

Those who are planning to join the seminar may contribute thoughts on what they'd like to do in the following list:

* Sources in Europe's mythology and history
* Foreshadowings - a world of predetermination [[User:Katharina K.|Katharina K.]] 21:31, 8 November 2007 (CET)
* Family ties
* Justice [[User:Johanna Ehrhardt|Johanna Ehrhardt]] 12:39, 9 November 2007 (CET) Johanna Ehrhardt
* The use of repetitive patterns
* Who has to solve the problem? - special and normal quests
* Plot constructions
* The renaissance of chivalry at the beginning of the modern era
* Love and gender relations Julia Mudder [[User:Julia Mudder|Julia Mudder]] 18:05, 9 November 2007 (CET)
* Miracles and the Arthurian World
* Politics
* Marriage and fidelity[[User:Freya|Freya]] 09:06, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of violence [[User:Inga|Inga]] 13:34, 9 November 2007 (CET)
* The legitimation of power
* Christianity--An add-on to the story or an inert part of it? Christian Schultz-Brummer[[User:Nahl3372|Nahl3372]] 18:05, 7 November 2007 (CET)
* The text which shaped our view of the medieval world: Malory's King Arthur and Mark Twain's ''Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court'' (1889)
* From Fantasy to video game Arthur's table round in modern culture (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org] for modern adaptations of the sujet)
* King Arthur and the Amadis
* The presence of the Arthurian world in the world of chap books
* Individual ideas on Malory's ''King Arthur'' and modern versions and adaptations - be creative, propose topics and we will think about them

===Texts===

First of all: Read a German translation if you feel lost - I began my life with Middle English texts with a reading of Chaucer in German, which I then, a week later, combined with a second reading of the original. I read the original Chaucer aloud to get into the funny language (fill in your Plattdeutsch that helps), with the German text still in my mind I had little problems with the original and soon realised that I could from now onwards read such stuff without reading a German text before.

As to the English texts:

Malory's original manuscript is lost. For more than 400 years the edition Caxton had published in 1485 was the authoritative source. In 1934 the Winchester manuscript was discovered - a text between Malory's and Caxton's text. Traces of Caxton's ink have been found on the manuscript's leafs, Caxton knew the Winchester volume, he did, however, base his own edition on another, lost manuscript.

Modern scholarship has focused on the Winchester manuscript as the better text. The Norton Critical edition - it cost me 16 Euro a couple of months ago - is based on the Winchester manuscript; it includes, however, passages from Caxton's wherever his version is more detailed. The aim is a reconstruction of what might have been Malory's text, a text without omissions. The Norton edition is well commented and equipped with an extensive dictionary as well as a choice of critical articles. It does finally offer the most important sources Malory exploited. The Norton edition is my recommendation for all of you who like to work with a fully commented scientific edition.

I myself am more interested in Caxton's fist edition as published in 1485 and offered by EEBO - the text is, however, difficult to read:

* [http://eebo.chadwyck.com/search/full_rec?SOURCE=pgimages.cfg&ACTION=ByID&ID=22102180&FILE=../session/1183624385_29976&SEARCHSCREEN=CITATIONS&SEARCHCONFIG=config.cfg&DISPLAY=ALPHA Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (London: William Caxton, 1485)]

To facilitate things I offer an html-edition of the same text (scroll down a bit to get beyond the reproduction of the first page):

*[http://www.pierre-marteau.com/editions/1485-morte-darthur.html Sir Thomas Malory, ''Le Morte Darthur'' (1485) html-text of Caxton's edition]

My impression is that Caxton's is the easier text to read. The publisher focused on the plot, he lost some of the descriptions and he omitted some of the author's self referential remarks. Yet he structured his text and produced a straight forward version. My html-edition (also available as a word-file) is a simple transcript to be read with an additional list of difficult words to be found at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485):Dictionary]] - expand this list, wherever you miss words. I have contacted the Druckzentrum and they promised to provide a print-version of my Caxton html-edition by September. Contact me if you want to start your reading earlier and if you want to read the Caxton text. I will try to provide provisional copies in that case. We should also open Wiki-space at [[Le Morte Darthur (1485): Protagonists]] - for a who is who?

===Literature===

*Eugéne Vinaver, ''Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1929).

*Bennett, J. A. W. (ed.), ''Essays on Malory'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963).

*Moorman, Charles, ''The Book of King Arthur. The Unity of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (University of Kentucky Press, 1965).

*Matthews, William, ''The Ill-Famed Knight. A sceptical inquiry into the Identity of Thomas Malory'' (Berkeley/ Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966).

*Lambert, Mark, ''Malory. Style and Vision in Le Morte Darthur'' (New Haven/ London: Yale University Press, 1975).

*Benson, Larry D., ''Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Cambridge, Mass./ London: Harvard University Press, 1976). 289 pp.

*Dillon, Bert, ''A Malory Handbook'' (Boston, Mass., G. K. Hall & Co., 1978).

*Ihle, Sandra Ness, ''Malory’s Grail Quest. Invention and Adaptation in Medieval Romance'' (The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).

*Whitaker, Muriel, ''Arthur’s Kingdom of Adventure. The World of Malory’s Morte Darthur'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer/ Barnes and Noble, 1984).

*Spisak, James W. (ed.), ''Studies in Malory'' (Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications western Michigan University, 1985).

*Jackson Parins, Marylyn, ''Malory the Cristical Heritage'' (London/ New York: Routledge, 1988).

*McCarthy, Terence, ''Reading the Morte Darthur'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1988), 187 pp. third edition with new title: ''An Introduction to Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 176 pp.

*Takamiya, Toshiyuki/ Brewer, Derek (eds.), ''Aspects of Malory'' (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer/ Rowman & Littlefield, 1991).

*Field, P. J. C., ''The Life an Times of Sir Thomas Malory'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XXIX] (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1993), 218 pp.

*Archibald, Elizabeth/ Edwards A. S. G. (eds.), ''A Companion to Malory'' (Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer, 1996), 252 pp. + Appendix

*Kraemer, Alfred Robert, ''Mallory’s Grail Seekers and Fifteenth-Century English Hagiography'' (New York: Peter Lang, 1999). 105 pp. + Notes

*Field, P. J. C., ''Malory: Texts and Sources'' [= ''Arthurian Studies'', XL] (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1998), 313 pp.

===Links===
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malory en.wikipedia.org: Thomas Malory]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur en.wikipedia.org: Le Morte d'Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_in_various_media en.wikipedia.org: King Arthur in various media]
*[[King Arthur: Films]]

[[Category:Winter 2007-2008]]
[[Category:Aufbaumodul]]