Difference between revisions of "2008 MM Present US-Cinema and the Death Penalty"

Revision as of 11:12, 20 April 2008

• Fr 14 - 16
• A10 1-121a
• Olaf Simons
• Mastermodul Klausurvorbereitend: American Studies

The implementation of the death penalty is one of the major cultural differences between the US and Europe today. A number of movies have over the past two decades dealt with, if not effectively fuelled, the public controversy about capital punishment. The seminar will analyse and discuss some of these films against the background of the present debate and in a comparison with movies in which vigilante or self-administered justice and poetic justice create a form of capital punishment - more or less provocatively - beyond the reach of the public debate.

• 11.04.2008: Introduction

Discussion of the seminar plan and modes of participation.

• 18.04.2008: Emotional imbalances: Dead Man Walking (1995)

• Dead Man Walking (1995)

Plot line, emotional balance, sympathies and how they are created, political messages.

• 25.04.2008: The reception of Dead Man Walking (1995)

Wednesday, 23, 2008, 20:45 my place, Tannenkampstr. 12: Krzysztof Kieslowski, Ein kurzer Film über das Töten (Poland 1988) German wikipedia

Course preparation

Dead Man Walking (1995) as an influential film - debates it managed to raise, debates which just joined the ongoing debate. We need a presentation on the reception history of the film (worth an ensuing seminar paper).

We will have three short presentations on the death penalty focussing on its more ore less "humane" modalities

• Antje + Marie Katrin: A historical perspective. Background: Michel Foucault Discipline and Punish (1975). See wikipedia on the subject and read the first pages of the book which should be available in the library (you may refer to the German translation Überwachen und Strafen). Another good book on the subject is Cesare Beccaria's (1738-1794) Of Crimes and Punishments, available on the web in English: Of Crimes and Punishments (1764).
• Philipp promised to take a look at the present US-debate - a good starting point is again wikipedia where you will find a chapter on methods used in the US.
• (His name is not on my list): will take a look at the general debate of humane executions. A good starting point are the links you get if you google Michael Portillo on the subject [1]

All others are requested to take a look at the reception of the film and to feed their information into this page: Dead Man Walking (USA 1995). Give your link and a summary of your result. We should get an idea of the debate the film was able to produce to then compare this debate with the debate we had in class.

• 02.05.2008: Truth and fiction

• Dead Man Walking (1995)
• Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (2004)

Both films dealt with actual cases. Was this link to reality important? How was it used in the film and in the ensuing debate?

• 09.05.2008: The dark side

• Monster’s Ball (2001)
• Identity (2003)
• The Green Mile (1999)

The capital punishment seems to have a dark side - how is this dark side connected with the general appeal of the death penalty?

• 16.05.2008: The legal system on trial

• A Time to Kill (1996)
• Last Dance (1996)
• Identity (2003)

A whole genre focuses on loop holes of the American legal system - a potentially problematic issue we should connect with the Dirty Harry (with their potentially straight solutions) later on

• 23.05.2008: The educated public on trial

• True Crime (1999)
• Execution (2007)

These movies focus on journalists dealing with the controversial issue.

• 30.05.2008: Human rights activists on trial

• The Life of David Gale (2003)

The Life of David Gale (2003) is probably the worst movie on the list - worth examining as a questionable item.

• 06.06.2008: Hollywood on trial

• The Player (1992)

Invites a reevaluation of the films we have seen so far.

• 13.06.2008: The separation of powers suspended: Or the cop as judge and executioner

• Dirty Harry (1971-1888)

We should take a look at the development and compare Eastwood's role here with his role in True Crime (1999)

• 20.06.2008: The separation of powers suspended: Or the citizen as judge and executioner

• A Time to Kill (1996)
• The Brave One (2007)
• Death Sentence (2007)

A Time to Kill (1996) was already on the agenda in session 6 (May 16). The two new movies are recent productions able to reflect the public opinion on a much broader field of issues from gun control to the question of state authority. (A special question: does it matter that Jodie Foster acted in Taxi Driver before?

• 27.06.2008: Poetic justice

I leave this session open. There are numerous movies in which dangerous criminals challenge the police or the public - and have to die eventually. We have seen that the state can do the bloody job in the end, we have seen that individuals can take things into their own hands - a third option should be touched with all those films in which the criminal eventually kills himself, in an act of suicide or accidentally - punished by his own perverse drive or a higher justice (if we want to risk that interpretation).

• 04.07.2008: Teaching the topic

The session might take some of its inspiration from http://www.deathpenalty.org/pdf_files/CurriculumFeb.2006.pdf - a proposal of how the topic could be taught at school.

• 11.07.2008: Final session

Look back on the seminar and my feedback on the seminar evaluation.

Topics

Background information

• The history of the death penalty and Foucault's work.
• The legal status in the US
• Pro and contra: interest groups
• The question of method - from electrocution to the lethal injection - what is the function of the debate?
• Religion and the death penalty

Seminar papers

Be creative! And open a special section on the Discussion page to give outlines of topics you are interested in.

Films in which the death penalty plays a major role

• The Player (1992) directed by Robert Altman using a screenplay by Michael Tolkin based on his own novel. IMDb

• Dead Man Walking (1995) directed by Tim Robbins, starring Susan Sarandon and Sean Penn. IMDb

• Last Dance (1996) directed by Bruce Beresford. IMDb

• True Crime (1999) directed by Clint Eastwood, based on Andrew Klavan's novel, who also wrote the screenplay. Frank Beachum was sentenced to death but claims to be innocent. Steve Everett played by Eastwood is a journalist who attempts to find the truth about the murder. www.truecrimethemovie.com IMDb

• The Green Mile (1999) directed by Frank Darabont, starring Tom Hanks and Micheal Clarke Duncan. The lives of prison guards leading the condemned prisoners to their executions, one of them went to prison on false accusation. http://thegreenmile.warnerbros.com/ IMDb

• Monster’s Ball (2001) directed by Marc Foster, starring Oscar-Winner Halle Barry and Billy Bob Thornton. Thornton plays a racist prison guard who falls in love with the wife of the last prisoner he executed and reexamines his own attitudes. IMDb

• The Life of David Gale (2003) directed by Alan Parker, starring Kate Winslet and Kevin Spacey. An acitivist against the death penalty is accused of murdering a fellow activist and is sentenced to death. While he is in prison, he tells his story to a reporter in flashbacks. http://www.thelifeofdavidgale.com/ IMDb

• Identity (2003) directed by James Mangold. Is it possible/legal to sentence someone to death who's got "multiple personality"? Which of these "personalities" is sentenced to death? www.sonypictures.com IMDb

• Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (2004) (TV) Film directed by Vondie Curtis-Hall and starring Jamie Foxx. The film is based on the true story of Stan "Tookie" Williams, founder of the "Crips", a street gang in L.A. He was accused of murder, prisoned and executed. While in Death Row, he started writing children's novels, which earned him Nobel Peace Prize nominations. IMDb

• Execution (2007) directed by Steven Scaffidi. In the year 1995 two filmmakers gained access to death row and filmed the final seven days of a man before he got executed. The Warden confiscated the film footage, but ten years later the filmmakers get the film footage back.

Films in which self-administered justice becomes a major topic

• Dirty Harry (1971) with its sequels which handle the topic of vigilante justice in variations till The Dead Pool (1988).

• A Time to Kill (1996) based on the novel written by John Grisham. A father takes revenge on the rapists of his daughter. IMDb

• Double Jeopardy (1999) directed by Bruce Beresford, starring Ashley Judd and Tommy Lee Jones. An innocent woman is sentenced to death for the murder of her husband. While in prison, she discovers that her husband is still alive and that he and her best friend betrayed her. After her release on probation, she wants to take revenge; based on the American law that a person cannot be re-accused of the same crime. IMDb

• The Punisher (2004) directed by Jonathan Hensleigh. After his wife and family are killed, Frank Castle takes it upon himself to distribute punishment to those responsible for the vendetta. www.punishermovie.com IMDb

• The Brave One (2007) directed by Neil Jordan, starring Jodie Foster. A mayhem victim avenges the death of her husband under the protection of the police officer who is supposed to solve the case. www.thebraveone.warnerbros.com IMDb

• Death Sentence (2007) A drama directed by James Wan. With Kevin Bacon, John Goodman and Kelly Preston. An executive witnesses a crime that changes his life. He wants to protect his family and seeks revenge. www.deathsentencemovie.com IMDb

Films in which the accidental death of the criminal reestablishes a higher justice

Documentary films (German/additional/available at the university library)

• Dubois, Jean-Paul. Henker erzählen: Todesstrafe in den USA. Frankreich, 2004. Fernsehmitschnitt Sw: USA. Fernsehmitschnitt: WDR, 22.10.2004. (VHS, farb., 50 Min.) (Dokumentation über Henker in den USA, die sich kritisch mit ihrer Arbeit und der Todesstrafe auseinandersetzen)

• Hoewijk, Jaap van. Procedure 769: a hanging. Niederlande, 1995. Fernsehmitschnitt: West 3, 15.4.1996, 23,00 Uhr. (VHS, farb., 80 Min) (Der Film geht der Frage nach, warum Angehörige des Täters und der Opfer von Robert A. Harris dessen Hinrichtung beiwohnten.)

• Kessel, Julie von. The Innocence Project. Deutschland, 2002. Fernsehmitschnitt: Arte, 03.12.2002. (VHS, farb., 20 Min.) (Bericht über ein DNA-Projekt der New Yorker Columbia University, das sich mit Schuld oder Unschuld zum Tode Verurteilter beschäftigt.)

• Leacock, Richard; Pennebaker, Don Alan. The chair = Der Stuhl. Monospur dt., Stereospur engl. USA, 1963. Fernsehmitschnitt: Arte, 18.10.1996. (VHS, s/w, 75 Min.) (Documentary about the death sentence.)

• Reinhold, Frank. Take care = Gib auf dich acht! Deutschland, 1997. Fernsehmitschnitt: ARTE, 10.6.1997. (VHS, Zweikanalton, Monospur dt., Stereospur franz., farb., 60 Min.) (Die Liebesgeschichte zwischen dem in den USA zum Tode verurteilten Schwarzen Arthur Lee Williams und einer Deutschen von Amnesty International.)

• Steinberg, Klaus; Bock, Astrid. Leben mit der Hinrichtung: Begegnungen im Todestrakt. Deutschland, 1997. Fernsehmitschnitt: ZDF (37 Grad), 12.08.1997. (VHS, farb., 30 Min.') (Bericht über zum Tode verurteilte Häftlinge in den USA.)

• Walwin, Kent; Trombley, Stephen [Reg.]. L 'état meurtrier = Der Staat als Mörder. Deutschland/Frankreich, 1996. Fernsehmitschnitt: ARTE, 21.3.1996, 20,45 Uhr. (VHS, Zweikanalton, Monospur dt., farb., 75 Min.) (Auseinandersetzung um die Todesstrafe vom Ursprung bis zur heutigen Praxis in den USA)

Literature

MLA on "Death Penalty", "Capital Punishment", "Execution", "The Player" 2007

• Tolkin, Michael. "[Fiction into Film.]" BookForum: The Review for Art, Fiction, & Culture, 14:2 (2007 June-Aug), pp. 36-37. [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Tolkin, Michael (1950-): The Player (1988); novel; film adaptation; by Altman, Robert (1925-2006).]

2006

• O'Shea, Kathleen. Killing the Killers: Women on Death Row in the United States. pp. 67-82. Burfoot, Annette (ed. and introd.) Lord, Susan (ed. and introd.). Killing Women: The Visual Culture of Gender and Violence Cultural Studies Series. 6. Waterloo, ON: Wilfred Laurier UP, 2006. xxii, 328 pp. (Book article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; television; in United States; 1998; treatment of women murderers; religious conversion; relationship to capital punishment; social conventions; of femininity; objectification.]

2005

• George, Diana and Shoos, Diane. "Deflecting the Political in the Visual Images of Execution and the Death Penalty Debate". College English, 67:6 (2005 July), pp. 587-609. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; treatment of capital punishment; compared to photographs; of lynching; relationship to witness; voyeurism.]
• Poirot, Valérie. Cinéma et engagement: Représentations de la peine de mort et images d'exécution dans les productions américaines et françaises. Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 66:3 (2005 Sept), p. 798. (Dissertation abstract) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; in France; United States; 1970-1999; treatment of execution.]
• Reinelt, Janelle. "The Ambivalence of Catholic Compassion". Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, 20:1 (2005 Fall), pp. 103-12. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Prejean, Helen (1939-): Dead Man Walking (1993); prose; treatment of capital punishment; relationship to Christianity.]
• Schuyler, Michael T. "'Traffic Was a Bitch': Gender, Race and Spectatorship in Robert Altman's The Player." Journal of Narrative Theory, 35:2 (2005 Summer), pp. 218-47. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; treatment of women; blacks; relationship to spectator; in Altman, Robert (1925-2006): The Player (1992).]

2003

• Horeck, Tanya. "From Documentary to Drama: Capturing Aileen Wuornos." Screen, 48:2 (2007 Summer), pp. 141-59. [Treatment of Wuornos, Aileen (1956-2002); women murderers; capital punishment; in Broomfield, Nicholas (1948-) and Churchill, Joan: Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003) compared to Jenkins, Patty (1971-): Monster (2003).]
• Goldsmith, David F. "Monster." Creative Screenwriting, 11:1 (2004 Jan-Feb), pp. 30-31. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; film genres; crime film; treatment of prostitute; sexual abuse; relationship to revenge; capital punishment; in Jenkins, Patty: Monster (2003).]
• Meranze, Michael. "Michel Foucault, the Death Penalty and the Crisis of Historical Understanding." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques, 29:2 (2003 Summer), pp. 191-209. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: French literature; 1900-1999; Foucault, Michel (1926-1984): L'Histoire de la sexualité (1976); History of Sexuality: "Il faut défendre la société"; prose; treatment of capital punishment; relationship to war; race; power.]
• Parker, Alan. "Gale Force: My Personal Journey to a Death Row Drama." Film Journal International, 106:2 (2003 Feb), p. 12, 30. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; treatment of capital punishment; in Parker, Alan (1944-): The Life of David Gale (2003); interview.]

1999

• Neubert, Ingo. "Sichtweisen des Fremden: Der amerikanische Dokumentarfilm und das Lernziel interkultureller Kompetenz: Dargestellt an der Direct-Cinema-Produktion The Chair zur Situation der Todesstrafe in den USA." Anglistik und Englischunterricht, 62 (1999), pp. 407-30. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; film genres; documentary film; treatment of capital punishment; in Drew, Robert L. (1924-): The Chair (1962).]
• Prédal, René. "The Player ou la mort du scénariste," pp. 127-47. Estève, Michel (ed. and introd.). Robert Altman. Paris, France: Minard, 1999. 209 pp. [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Tolkin, Michael (1950-): The Player (1988); novel; intertextuality; plot; relationship to Hollywood; in screenplay; for film adaptation; by Altman, Robert (1925-).]
• Stoekl, Allan. "Execution and the Human." Intertexts, 3:1 (1999 Spring), pp. 3-31. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Dick, Philip K. (1928-1982): Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968); novel; treatment of capital punishment; murder; human condition; in Scott, Ridley (1938-): Blade Runner (1982) as film adaptation compared to Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804): Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Rechtslehre.]

1998

• Lauritzen, Paul. "The Knowing Heart: Moral Argument and the Appeal to Experience". Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 81:1-2 (1998 Spring-Summer), pp. 213-34. (Journal article) [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Prejean, Helen (1939-): Dead Man Walking (1993); prose; treatment of capital punishment; relationship to morality; experience.]

1997

• Guest, David. Sentenced to Death: The American Novel and Capital Punishment. Jackson, MS: UP of Mississippi, 1997. xx, 179 pp. (Book) [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; novel; treatment of capital punishment.]
• Nayman, Ira. "The Adaptable Altman." Creative Screenwriting, 4:3 (1997 Fall), pp. 84-96. [Subject Terms: American literature; 1900-1999; Chandler, Raymond (1888-1959): The Long Goodbye (1954); novel; and Tolkin, Michael (1950-): The Player (1988); Carver, Raymond (1936-1988); role of film adaptation; by Altman, Robert (1925-).]

1994

• Danziger, Marie. "Basic Instinct: Grappling for Post-Modern Mind Control." Literature/Film Quarterly, 22:1 (1994), pp. 7-10. [Subject Terms: Dramatic arts; film; treatment of power; in Verhoeven, Paul (1938-): Basic Instinct (1992); Altman, Robert (1925-2006): The Player (1992)]
• Pilipp, Frank. "Satirizing Hollywood: The Self-Referentiality of Robert Altman's The Player: Co-Sponsored by the Virginia Humanities Conf. and the Virginia Center for Media and Culture," pp. 80-84. Schwartz, Joel (introd.). Proceedings of the Conference on Film and American Culture. Williamsburg: Roy R. Charles Center, College of William and Mary, 1994. 111 pp.

1992

• Richolson, Janice. "The Player: An Interview with Robert Altman." Cineaste: America's Leading Magazine on the Art and Politics of the Cinema,' 19:2-3 (1992), p. 61.

Further reading (available at the library)

• Amnesty International. Todesstrafe in den USA. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1989.

• Bedau, Hugo A. [Hrsg.] Capital punishment in the United States. New York, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1976. ISBN 0-404-10325-1

• Martschukat, Jürgen. Geschichte der Todesstrafe in Nordamerika: von der Kolonialzeit bis zur Gegenwart. 1. Ed. München: Beck, 2002. ISBN 3-406-47611-2 (Pb.)

• Sarat, Austin. When the State Kills: Capital Punishment and the American Condition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2001. (not available at the library)

• Sarat, Austin. Crime and punishment: perspectives from the humanities. Vol. 37. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. ISBN 0-7623-1245-9 (hbk.)

• Sarat, Austin. Punishment politics and culture. Vol. 30. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004. ISBN 0-7623-1072-3

• Schwed, Roger E. Abolition and capital punishment: the United States' judicial, political, and moral barometer. New York, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1983. ISBN 0-404-61623-2

Fiction (additional)

• John Grisham, The Chamber. New York: Doubleday, 1994.
• Victor Hugo, The Last Day of a Condemned Man [1829]. London: Hesperus Press Ltd., 2002.

Links

• www.film.com Movie Trailers and Times, Reviews and Previews, Celebreties, TV, DVD etc.
• Cinemasense Study material on cinematic techniques, including a word search for cinematic terms, which are explained and illustrated by film stills.
• nitpickers.com Movie mistakes, movie errors, movie reviews.
• Cinematic Terms - A Film-Making Glossary Study material on cinematic terms explained and illustrated by examples.
• Capital punishment in the United States - en.wikipedia.org
• deathpenaltyinfo.org Including a List of Articles and a List of Books on the Death Penalty.
• deathpenalty.org "The Death Penalty Focus", an organization against the Death Penalty founded in 1988.
• deathpenaltycurriculum.org/states/maps Interactive U.S. maps on the Death Penalty, including methods of execution, homicides and use of the death penalty, and execution on death row inmates (all by state).
• deathpenalty.org/pdf_files/curriculum A pdf file showing suggested lesson plans for teachers. Including case studies, material on discussions, exams and essays, history of the Death Penalty, laws, international views and a suggested general reading list.
• Jonsson, Patrick. "Is self-defence law vigilante justice?". The Christian Science Monitor Feb. 24 2003 <http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0224/p02s01-usju.html>
• Guarnera, Daniel. "Hard to Kill: Why Can’t the U.S. Find a Suitable Execution Method?". International Review Jan. 4 2007 <http://www.internationalistreview.com/article.php?id=52>